Insular-associated causal network of structural covariance evaluating progressive gray matter changes in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Morphometric studies demonstrated wide-ranging distribution of brain structural abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). OBJECTIVE: This study explored the progressive gray matter volume (GMV) changes pattern of structural network in 108 MDD patients throughout the illness duration by using voxel-based morphometric analysis. METHODS: The causal structural covariance network method was applied to map the causal effects of GMV alterations between the original source of structural changes and other brain regions as the illness duration prolonged in MDD. This was carried out by utilizing the Granger causality analysis to T1-weighted data ranked based on the disease progression information. RESULTS: With greater illness duration, the GMV reduction was originated from the right insula and progressed to the frontal lobe, and then expanded to the occipital lobe, temporal lobe, dorsal striatum (putamen and caudate) and the cerebellum. Importantly, results revealed that the right insula was the prominent node projecting positive causal influences (i.e., GMV decrease) to frontal lobe, temporal lobe, postcentral gyrus, putamen, and precuneus. While opposite causal effects were detected from the right insula to the angular, parahippocampus, supramarginal gyrus and cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS: This work may provide further information and vital evidence showing that MDD is associated with progressive brain structural alterations.

Resting heart rate moderates the relationship between parental emotion socialization and callous-unemotional traits in children.

Although empirical findings have indicated that both familial and neurobiological risk factors contribute to the development of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children, relatively few studies have investigated how these two factors interact to influence these traits. The current study focused on the combined effects of parental emotion socialization and child's resting heart rate on CU traits. Parents of Chinese children (N = 166) completed the Coping with Children's Negative Scale when children were 9.39 years old (SD = 0.92), while children's resting heart rate data were collected when they were 10.21 years old (SD = 0.72). When they were 11.15 years old (SD = 0.67), parents completed the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits Short-Form. Results showed that parental supportive emotion socialization was negatively associated with CU traits and Callous behaviors in particular. In addition, resting heart rate moderated the relationship between parental emotion socialization and child's CU traits. Findings provide further evidence that an interdisciplinary approach that combines both psychosocial and biological factors is essential to further our understanding of CU traits in youth.

Core features of callous-unemotional traits: a cross-cultural comparison of youth in four countries.

With considerable debate concerning the impact of culture on the expression of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, it is unclear whether the core features of CU traits generalize to youth across cultures. This study aimed to examine whether cultural differences are reflected in the core features of CU traits and the associations among these features. Network analysis was employed to identify the core features and to examine the network structure of CU traits operationalized by the Inventory of Callous Unemotional traits (ICU) in four community youth samples from different nations (Australia, N = 190; the UK, N = 437; the USA, N = 330; China, N = 503). The item "Apologizes to people" was identified as a cross-cultural core feature in the ICU network with a greater centrality of this item compared to others in all four samples. In addition, some items were identified as culture-specific core features in the network, differing in their centrality across samples. The network structures of the youth self-report ICU items were moderately similar across samples, while the structures of parent-report items showed substantial differences. These findings have important implications for cross-cultural research on CU traits as well as practical implications for screening and treatment. The core features of ICU appear to be generalizable in youth across cultures, although cultural-specific manifestations should be noted.

The interleukin-6 family in tissues is closely related to the clinical outcomes of oral lichen planus.

OBJECTIVE: We attempted to investigate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) family expression in local tissues as it relates to presentations and outcomes in oral lichen planus (OLP), which is a common chronic inflammatory oral disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical follow-up cohort of OLP patients was established, and a biological sample library was constructed with categorization into erosive type (EOLP) and nonerosive type (NEOLP). Transcriptome sequencing of the lesions was then performed. A multiple regression model was used to explore the differences in IL-6 family expression among patients with different clinical types and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: OLP tissue transcriptome sequencing showed that IL-6 family expression in EOLP increased significantly. It was also found that IL-6 family factors in the OLP recurrent erosion group were significantly increased compared to the persistent nonerosion group. Based on the multiple regression analysis of the OLP clinical cohort, it was found that the increased expression of the IL-6 family was closely related to the clinical types and clinical outcomes of OLP. CONCLUSION: The high expression of the IL-6 family is closely related to the erosion of local mucosa and poor prognosis of OLP patients. IL-6-related factors may be used as therapeutic targets for OLP patients.

Safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a surgical bridge for acute left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: For colorectal cancer, preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy is more effective than postoperative chemotherapy because it not only eradicates micrometastases more effectively but also reduces the risk of incomplete intraoperative resection and tumor cell shedding. For the treatment of acute left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction, colorectal stents as well as stoma are being used to relieve the obstructive colorectal cancer, and as a bridge to surgery, allowing easy mobilization and resection of the colon. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with decompressing stoma (DS) can be used as a bridge to elective surgery (BTS) as an alternative to emergency surgery in patients with acute left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction, but its benefit is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a bridge to surgery in the treatment of acute left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction. METHODS: Data from patients who were admitted with acute left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, and patients with gastrointestinal perforation or peritonitis were excluded. We performed one-to-two propensity score matching to compare the stoma requirement, postoperative complications, and other short-term oncological outcomes between the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and surgery group. RESULTS: There were no differences in intraoperative blood loss, operative time, one-year postoperative mortality, and postoperative tumor markers between the two groups. The 1-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and surgery group were 96.8 and 91.3% (p = 0.562). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was able to reduce stoma rate 1 year after surgery (p = 0.047). Besides, the neoadjuvant group significantly reduced postoperative bowel function time (p < 0.001), postoperative hospital stay (p < 0.001), total hospital stay (p = 0.002), postoperative complications (p = 0.017), reduction in need to stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a bridge to elective surgery in patients with acute left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction is safe and has many advantages. Prospective multicenter studies with large samples are needed to further evaluate the feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Psychometric Properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory Triarchic Scales and Its Short Version in Chinese Male Juvenile Offenders.

The triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy encompasses three distinct dispositional components: boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The current study aimed to validate triarchic construct scales composed of items from the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) in a sample of Chinese male juvenile offenders (N = 613, mean age = 17.14 years, SD = 1.09 years). Although the CFA and ESEM models failed to support the three-factor structure for YPI-based triarchic scores, the convergent and criteria validity of the YPI-Tri and YPI-Tri-S were supported as they demonstrated the expected relation with other psychopathic traits or component measures and aggressive behavior measures. The internal consistency of the YPI-Tri and YPI-Tri-S scores ranged from marginal to good. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the YPI-based triarchic scores and support for the utility of the YPI-Tri and YPI-Tri-S in assessing psychopathy in Chinese male juvenile offenders.

Core features of callous-unemotional traits: Network analysis of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits in offender and community samples.

OBJECTIVE: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been added as a specifier labeled with "Limited Prosocial Emotion" used to diagnose conduct disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, little is known about the core features of CU traits. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most central component of CU traits from a network perspective. METHOD: Network analysis was applied to investigate the network structure of CU traits operationalized by the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a sample of juvenile offenders (Mage = 17.14, N = 609) and community youths (Mage = 10.82, N = 487). RESULTS: Our findings showed that items assessing callousness are the most central in the network across both samples. Also, the unemotional items were found to be located at a peripheral position, with fewer links apparent to callousness and uncaring items. CONCLUSIONS: Callousness might be the key feature of CU traits in youths. Our findings further advance the general understanding about the core features of CU traits in clinical practice.

Efficacy evaluation of photodynamic therapy for oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new option for oral lichen planus (OLP) management; however, there are different opinions on the efficacy of PDT for OLP. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of OLP and compare PDT with steroid therapy. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the curative effect of PDT. Five electronic databases were searched, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO up to 1 December, 2019. Random and fixed effects models for pooled estimates calculation were used and the Meta package of R was applied. RESULTS: Pooled estimates revealed that, after PDT, the lesion size decreased by 1.53 cm2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-2.35) after PDT and the partial response (PR) was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65-0.85). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score decreased by 3.82 (95% CI: 2.80-4.85) and the Thongprasom sign score decreased by 1.33 (95% CI: 0.56-2.10) after PDT. Subgroup analyses revealed that the 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was more effective than methylene blue (MB), with a PR of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80-0.91). The topical use of 5-ALA yielded a better response than gargling methylene blue. In terms of VAS, the diode laser showed a better clinical PR in the treatment of OLP. In terms of changes in lesion size, the efficacy of the semiconductor laser was higher than that of the diode laser. PDT had a similar efficacy to topical corticosteroids, as shown by pooled estimates of five randomised controlled trials with 139 lesions. CONCLUSION: This systematic review indicates that PDT is an effective treatment modality for the management of OLP. PDT is as effective as topical corticosteroid in the treatment of OLP and could be used for cases resistant to steroids or when steroids are contraindicated.

Downregulated microRNA-135a ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 2.

Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are phenotypically aggressive, typically progressing into arthritic cartilage degradation. Throughout our study, we made explorations into the effects of microRNA-135a (miR-135a) on the SFs involved in RA by mediating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway via regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2). The expression of PI3K was higher, the expression of PIK3R2 was lower, and AKT was phosphorylated in the RA synovial tissues, relative to the levels found in the normal synovial tissues. We predicted miR-135a to be a candidate miR targeting PIK3R2 using an online website, microRNA.org, which was verified with a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Subsequently, high miR-135a expression was observed in RA synovial tissues. To study the effect of the interaction between miR-135a and PIK3R2 in RA, the SFs isolated from RA samples were cultured and transfected with mimic, inhibitor, and small interfering RNA. The proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of the SFs were detected after the transfection. The cells transfected with miR-135a inhibitor showed inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while also displaying promoted cell apoptosis, G0/G1 cell ratio, and decreased S cell ratio, through upregulation of PIK3R2 and inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings provided evidence that downregulation of miR-135a inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion and promotes apoptosis of SFs in RA by upregulating the PIK3R2 coupled with inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The downregulation of miR-135a might be a potential target in the treatment of RA.

Materials for pulpotomy in immature permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pulpotomy is one of the most widely used methods in preserving vital pulp in teeth, which is of great significance in achieving continue root formation in immature permanent teeth suffering from dental caries or trauma. The aim of this meta-analysis and systemic review is to synthesize the available evidences to compare different pulpotomy dressing agents for pulpotomy treatment in immature permanent teeth. METHODS: Electronic databases including MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, the Cochrane library (CENTRAL) and the clinicaltrials.gov database were searched. The references of all included articles or relevant reviews were cross-checked. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing two or more pulp dressing agent in permanent teeth with open apex would be included. Also, the studies should have at least 6 months of follow-up, report clinical and radiographic success in detail and publish in English. RESULTS: Five RCTs were included for a systematic review, and all of them had a high risk of bias. There is little difference in success rate between mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (CH) at 6-month follow-up (risk ratio (RR) 1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 to 1.06) and 12-month follow-up (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.13). There is no difference between MTA versus platelet-rich fibrin and MTA versus calcium-enriched mixture (CEM). There is only weak evidence of increased success rate in using MTA and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) rather than abscess remedy. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the present evidence, similar success rates with MTA were found between the dressing agents CH, CEM, RPF and TAP as pulpotomy-dressing agents in the treatment of immature permanent teeth. More high-quality RCTs are needed in this field in future studies.

RHAMM induces progression of rheumatoid arthritis by enhancing the functions of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and refractory autoimmune joint disease. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) produce inflammatory cytokines and are involved in the migration and invasion of panuus tissue, which leads to the destruction of joints in RA. Receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM), is known to be one of the important receptors for hyaluronic acid. It has the ability to regulate migration of fibrocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Here,we explored the mechanisms of RHAMM in RAFs. METHODS: Quantitative PCR and western blot were performed to test the expression of RHAMM in synoviocytes of RA patients and osteoarthritis (OA) controls. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was used to investigate the RHAMM expression in mouse synovial issues. RHAMM siRNA was used to detect the function of RHAMM in FLS. RESULTS: RA-FLS has a significantly higher expression of RHAMM than OA-FLS. Expression of RHAMM in joint synovial tissue was markedly increased in the CAIA mice compared with the controls. RHAMM silencing using SiRNA was not only decreased the production of IL-6 and IL-8, but also inhibited the migration and invasion of RA-FLS. CONCLUSIONS: RHAMM has an important role in the FLS induced modulation of inflammation and destruction of joints in RA.

Basketball specific agility: A narrative review of execution plans and implementation effects.

This systematic review and evaluation aim to comprehensively overview current international advanced basketball specialized agility training methods. The primary objective is to analyze and synthesize existing literature, offering insights and guidance to enhance agility training levels specifically tailored for basketball players. Methods involved a systematic literature search using keywords like "Basketball," "Agility," and "Training" in major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO), covering studies from 2010 to 2022. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing advanced agility training methods for basketball players. Data extraction and analysis were conducted to identify key trends and outcomes. A total of 563 articles were initially identified, and after reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts, 20 articles were ultimately selected, excluding those with inconsistent outcome measures or unavailable full texts. The findings suggest that plyometric training, comprehensive speed training, and equipment-assisted training methods (SSG, TRX, Bulgarian ball, etc) have demonstrated effectiveness in improving agility indicators in basketball players.

GSOOA-1DDRSN: Network traffic anomaly detection based on deep residual shrinkage networks.

One of the critical technologies to ensure cyberspace security is network traffic anomaly detection, which detects malicious attacks by analyzing and identifying network traffic behavior. The rapid development of the network has led to explosive growth in network traffic, which seriously impacts the user's information security. Researchers have delved into intrusion detection as an active defense technology to address this challenge. However, traditional machine learning methods struggle to capture complex threats and attack patterns when dealing with large-scale network data. In contrast, deep learning methods have the advantages of automatically extracting features from network traffic data and strong generalization capabilities. Aiming to enhance the ability of network anomaly traffic detection, this paper proposes a network traffic anomaly detection based on Deep Residual Shrinkage Network (DRSN), namely "GSOOA-1DDRSN". This method uses an improved Osprey optimization algorithm to select the most relevant and essential features in network traffic, reducing the features' dimensionality. For better detection performance of network traffic anomalies, a one-dimensional deep residual shrinkage network (1DDRSN) is designed as a classifier. Validation is performed using the NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets and compared with other methods. The experimental results show that GSOOA-1DDRSN has improved multi-classification accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score by approximately 2 % and 3 %, respectively, compared to the 1DDRSN model on two datasets. Additionally, it reduces the time computation costs by 20 % and 30 % on these datasets. Furthermore, compared to other models, GSOOA-1DDRSN offers superior classification accuracy and effectively reduces the number of features.

The FTO-CMPK2 Pathway in Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Modulates Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Inflammation and Cartilage Homeostasis via mtDNA Regulation.

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a debilitating autoimmune disorder marked by chronic synovial inflammation and progressive cartilage degradation, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are key pathogenic players. Current treatments targeting these cells are limited. Our study focused on the Fat Mass and Obesity-associated protein (FTO), known for its roles in cell proliferation and inflammatory response modulation, and its involvement in RA. We specifically examined the inflammatory regulatory roles of FTO and CMPK2, a mitochondrial DNA synthesis protein, in FLS. Utilizing a combination of in vitro and in vivo methods, including FTO inhibition and gene knockdown, we aimed to understand FTO's influence on RA progression and chondrocyte functionality. Our findings showed that increased FTO expression in RA synovial cells enhanced their proliferation and migration and decreased senescence and apoptosis. Inhibiting FTO significantly slowed the disease progression in our models. Our research also highlighted that the FTO-CMPK2 pathway plays a crucial role in regulating synovial inflammation through the mtDNA-mediated cGAS/STING pathway, affecting chondrocyte homeostasis. This study indicates that targeting the FTO-CMPK2 axis could be a promising new therapeutic strategy for managing RA.

Schisandrin B ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats via modulation of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway.

OBJECTIVES: Schisandrin B (Sch B) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, however, its antirheumatoid arthritis properties and potential mechanism remain unexplored. This study evaluated the potential of Sch B in adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rats. METHODS: AIA was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of CFA into the paw of rats and the animals were administered with Sch B (50 mg/kg) for 28 days. The effects of Sch B were evaluated using arthritis severity, serum levels of oxido-inflammatory, and metabolic index parameters. KEY FINDINGS: Sch B eased arthritic symptoms by significantly reducing paw swelling and arthritic score and increased body weight gain. Moreover, Sch B alleviated the levels of oxido-inflammatory markers including interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, nuclear factor kappa B, transforming growth factor ß1, inducible nitric oxide synthase and malonaldehyde, as well as increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and Nrf2. Sch B also remarkably restored the altered levels of triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, lactic acid, pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, glucose, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, Sch B markedly alleviated p65 expression in the treated AIA rats. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Sch B alleviated AIA by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis.

Structure and assembly of the α-carboxysome in the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus.

Carboxysomes are bacterial microcompartments that encapsulate the enzymes RuBisCO and carbonic anhydrase in a proteinaceous shell to enhance the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon fixation. The self-assembly principles of the intact carboxysome remain elusive. Here we purified α-carboxysomes from Prochlorococcus and examined their intact structures using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to solve the basic principles of their shell construction and internal RuBisCO organization. The 4.2 Å icosahedral-like shell structure reveals 24 CsoS1 hexamers on each facet and one CsoS4A pentamer at each vertex. RuBisCOs are organized into three concentric layers within the shell, consisting of 72, 32 and up to 4 RuBisCOs at the outer, middle and inner layers, respectively. We uniquely show how full-length and shorter forms of the scaffolding protein CsoS2 bind to the inner surface of the shell via repetitive motifs in the middle and C-terminal regions. Combined with previous reports, we propose a concomitant 'outside-in' assembly principle of α-carboxysomes: the inner surface of the self-assembled shell is reinforced by the middle and C-terminal motifs of the scaffolding protein, while the free N-terminal motifs cluster to recruit RuBisCO in concentric, three-layered spherical arrangements. These new insights into the coordinated assembly of α-carboxysomes may guide the rational design and repurposing of carboxysome structures for improving plant photosynthetic efficiency.

The Janus face of mitophagy in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and recovery.

In myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI), moderate mitophagy is a protective or adaptive mechanism because of clearing defective mitochondria accumulates during MIRI. However, excessive mitophagy lead to an increase in defective mitochondria and ultimately exacerbate MIRI by causing overproduction or uncontrolled production of mitochondria. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1 (Pink1), Parkin, FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)/adenovirus E1B19KD interaction protein 3 (BNIP3) are the main mechanistic regulators of mitophagy in MIRI. Pink1 and Parkin are mitochondrial surface proteins involved in the ubiquitin-dependent pathway, while BNIP3 and FUNDC1 are mitochondrial receptor proteins involved in the non-ubiquitin-dependent pathway, which play a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial quality. These proteins can induce moderate mitophagy or inhibit excessive mitophagy to protect against MIRI but may also trigger excessive mitophagy or insufficient mitophagy, thereby worsening the condition. Understanding the actions of these mitophagy mechanistic proteins may provide valuable insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying MIRI development. Based on the above background, this article reviews the mechanism of mitophagy involved in MIRI through Pink1/Parkin pathway and the receptor mediated pathway led by FUNDC1 and BNIP3, as well as the related drug treatment, aim to provide effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of MIRI.

The Relationship between Physical Activity and Life Satisfaction among University Students in China: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Resilience.

(1) Background: Universities play a crucial role in nurturing healthy habits, and physical activity has emerged as a valuable tool for enhancing the life satisfaction, self-efficacy, and resilience of college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between life satisfaction and self-efficacy as well as resilience among Chinese university students. (2) Method: This study used the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Self-Efficacy Scale (CGES), the Mental Toughness Scale (CD-RISC), and the Life Satisfaction Scale (CSLSS) to administer questionnaires to 353 university students from two universities in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Using a random simple sampling method, the data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Excel software. (3) Results: (1) Physical activity exhibited a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy, resilience, and life satisfaction; self-efficacy was significantly and positively related to resilience and life satisfaction; and resilience was significantly and positively related to life satisfaction. (2) Physical activity had a positive predictive effect on life satisfaction (ß = 0.2771; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1905, 0.3637, 55.51%). (3) Self-efficacy (ß = 0.0368; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0087, 0.0692, 7.37%) and resilience (ß = 0.137; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0919, 0.1894, 27.44%) mediated the relationship between physical activity and life satisfaction. Also, the chain-mediating effect of self-efficacy and resilience between physical activity and life satisfaction reached significant levels (ß = 0.0483; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0279, 0.0745, 9.68%). (4) Conclusion: Active participation in physical activity not only enhanced the life satisfaction of college students but also indirectly impacted their life satisfaction by improving their self-efficacy and resilience. Consequently, this led to an overall improvement in the life satisfaction of college students.

Effectiveness of functional magnetic resonance imaging for early identification of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The commonly used clinical indicators are not sensitive enough on detecting early chronic kidney disease (CKD), whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be regarded as a new noninvasive method to identify early stages of CKD and even different stages remains unknown. We performed a network meta-analysis to explore the question. METHODS: Five databases were searched to identify eligible articles from 2000 to 2022. The outcome indicators were imaging biomarkers of fMRI techniques, including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), fractional anisotropy (FA) by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) by intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM), and apparent relaxation rate (R2*) by blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD). RESULTS: A total of 21 articles with 1472 patients were included for analysis. Cortical FA, f, and R2* values in CKD stages 1-2 were found statistically different with healthy controls (mean difference (MD), -0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.05, -0.01; MD, -0.04, 95% CI -0.06, -0.02; MD, 2.22, 95% CI 0.87, 3.57, respectively), and cortical ADC values were significantly different among different CKD stages (stages 3 and 1-2: MD, -0.15, 95% CI -0.23, -0.06; stages 4-5 and 3: MD -0.27, 95% CI -0.39, -0.14). CONCLUSION: The results indicated fMRI techniques had great efficacy in assessing early stages and different stages of CKD, among which DTI, IVIM, and BOLD exerted great superiority in differentiating early CKD patients from the general population, while DWI showed the advantage in distinguishing different CKD stages.