[Management of prostate cancer in Senegal: what is being done?]. / Cancer de la prostate : quelle prise en charge au Sénégal ?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the management of patients with prostate cancer in Senegal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective descriptive study, based on the medical records of patients managed for prostate cancer during a period of six years and a half from January 1, 2004, to June 30, 2010. All records of inpatients and outpatients managed for prostate cancer were collected. Data collection was performed through a standardized survey form, and included the following parameters: age, presence or absence of known history of prostate cancer in siblings, circumstances of discovery, clinical and paraclinical examination, histology and therapeutic modalities. RESULTS: We studied the records of 164 patients with prostate cancer. The mean age of our patients was 65years, ranging from 43 to 96years. The circumstances of diagnosis were mostly due to lower urinary tract symptoms. Digital rectal examination was suggestive in 87% of cases, and PSA levels were high in 100% of cases, ranging from 5.88ng/ml to 21,660ng/ml, with a mean of 1447.57ng/ml. Half of the patients had PSA levels greater than or equal to 100ng/ml. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma. During the study period, 49 radical prostatectomies were performed. The mean PSA levels of patients who underwent a prostatectomy were 23.4ng/ml. Radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed in 35 patients, and radical perineal prostatectomy was performed in 10 cases. Pulpectomy was the method most commonly used in metastatic prostate cancer; it was performed in 48 patients. After resistance to castration, antiandrogens were reintroduced in 13 patients, and diethylstilbestrol in four patients. Only two patients underwent a taxane-based chemotherapy regimen. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of prostate cancer was usually tardive in Senegal. Treatment often involves surgical castration. Prostatectomy was only very seldom indicated.

[Total cystectomies for cancers locally advanced of bladder about 12 cases in the service of urology of the general hospital of Grand-Yoff]. / Cystectomies totales pour cancers localement avancés de vessie au service d'urologie de l'hôpital général de Grand-Yoff.

OBJECTIVE: The goals of the study is to evaluate the feasability of the total cystectomy for cancer infiltrating locally advanced of bladder and to evaluate perioperatitive morbidity and short-term results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We made a retrospective study concerning 12 first patients having profited from a total cystectomy for cancer infiltrating of the bladder in our hospital over one period of 1 year. The parameters of study were: the age at the time of the diagnosis, circumstances of the diagnosis, antecedents of the patient, the histological type and stage TNM before and after intervention, the type of derivation associated, duration of the intervention, the anesthesia, complications and morbidity per- and postoperational. We carried out calculations of average and frequency for the data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 51 years (extreme: 32; 83). They were nine men and three women. The circumstances of diagnosis were dominated by the total hematuria and in less frequency by the bladder irritative symptoms. The antecedents of the patients were dominated by the schistosomia (five cases) and the tobacco addiction (two cases). The histological type obtained in preoperative after biopsy or trans urethral resection of bladder found, seven cases of squamous cell carcinoma, four cases of transitional cell carcinoma and one case of adenocarcinoma. Into preoperative, three patients were at the stage pT2, eight patients pT3, one pT4. Four patients had a replacement of bladder: three by a bladder in Z and a patient had Camey II. They were the three patients pT2 preoperative and a patient pT3. Two patients had a standard ureterosigmoidostomy type coffey: the patient pT4 and a patient pT3. The six other patients had Bricker. All the patients profited from a blood transfusion peroperational (two units on average). We did not record any operational mortality. The complications and morbidity are represented by the suppurations of wall (three cases), the vesicocutaneous fistula (one case), the infections urinary and the anemia which was constant. CONCLUSION: The management of bladder cancer poses a real problem in our countries because of the diagnosis at advanced stage.

[Urinary incontinence in woman: epidemiologic profile in Sub Saharian countries]. / Incontinence urinaire de la femme: profil épidémiologique au sud du Sahara.

UNLABELLED: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiologic profile of urinary incontinence of the African woman of three Sub Saharan African countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicentric study summarized the epidemiological data collected in female from Nouakchott, Dakar and Ndjamena using a questionnaire. All participants filled an anonymous questionnaire including demographic data and marital status, medical, surgical, gynecological and obstetrical history and the characteristics of the urinary incontinence. RESULTS: Overall, 3021 questionnaires were distributed, only 2070 answers (69%) could be processed. Mean age of the overall population was 28 years. Adult women aged less than 30 years accounted for 56% of the study population. The age group 30-49 years accounted for 42% of the population and only 2% of the study group had more than 50 years. The prevalence of incontinence was 367 cases over 2070 (17,7%). The types of incontinence found were: urgency in 28.6% of cases, stress incontinence in 38.4% of cases and mixed in 33% of cases. Approximately 23,9% of nulliparous and 23,5% of the multiparous had urinary incontinence. The leakage was occasional in 75% of the cases and regular in 25% of the cases. According to gravity, in 31% of cases the volume of urines lost necessitated a change of underwear. Of the women presenting urinary incontinence, 85 (23%) consulted a doctor. A psychosocial repercussion was found in 31% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Urinary incontinence is much more frequent in our areas than it was thought to be because it was rarely acknowledged.

[Epididymal manifestations of urogenital tuberculosis]. / Les manifestations épididymaires de la tuberculose uro-génitale.

OBJECTIVE: To define the epidemiological, anatomical, clinical and therapeutic aspects of tuberculous epididymitis in adults in the tropics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 11 cases of confirmed and treated tuberculous epididymitis. RESULTS: The most frequently affected age-group was 40-49 years. The commonest expression was that of a chronic epididymal nodule. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination of the epididymectomy specimen (10 cases) and bacteriology in one case. Combination antituberculous chemotherapy was systematically administered and epididymectomy was performed in all patients. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of tuberculous epididymitis is often very difficult in the absence of a history of recent or active tuberculosis. However, this diagnosis must be considered in any case of chronic epididymal nodule, particularly in a context of infertility. The very mutilating treatment consists of epididymectomy in chronic forms, which also constitutes a diagnostic confirmation procedure, hence the value of prevention based on eradication of tuberculosis.