Potential Benefit of Add-on Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Case Series.

We present five cases of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) that failed management using high cannabidiol (CBD) doses, but had significant reduction in seizure frequency with reintroduction or increasing doses of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). There is growing evidence supporting the use of whole-plant CBD-rich extracts (containing THC and other cannabinoids) in the treatment of pediatric DRE. Based on our experiences and reports in the literature, we propose that, in patients who fail management with an initial trial of high-dose CBD-focused therapy, there may be a role for add-on THC-focused formulations.

Pain descriptors of taxane acute pain syndrome (TAPS) in breast cancer patients-a prospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Taxane acute pain syndrome (TAPS) is a clinically significant side-effect of taxane chemotherapy, often described as arthralgia and myalgia that occurs 2-3 days after infusion. The aim of this study was to assess pain descriptors used by patients during their experience of TAPS. METHODS: A clinical prospective cohort study was conducted on breast cancer patients who had not received prior chemotherapy and were asked to complete diaries on three consecutive docetaxel treatment cycles on days 1-7, 14, and 21 (acute phase). Questionnaires to assess pain severity, descriptors of pain, and the interference in activities due to pain were adapted from the Brief Pain Inventory and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Telephone questionnaire follow-up was done at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following docetaxel (delayed phase). RESULTS: The most commonly used descriptor for acute and chronic pain was "aching" (90-96%). However, in the delayed phase of the study, "burning" (32-50%), "radiating" (39-48%), and "sharp" (40-69%) were used more often. In both acute and chronic pain phases, most patients experienced moderate/severe pain regardless of the location. Pain in cycle 1 was predictive of pain in subsequent taxane cycles (p < 0.0001). Pain in cycle 3 was predictive of chronic pain (p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The descriptors used by patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced pain (ChIP) may be reflective of the underlying mechanisms. It is suspected that TAPS initiates as an acute inflammatory pain, which over time develops into neuropathic pain, known as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). However, the subjective pain experience varies from patient to patient.

Wait times and patient throughput after the implementation of a novel model of virtual care in an outpatient neurology clinic: A retrospective analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Neurology wait times - from referral to consultation - continue to grow, leading to various adverse effects on patient outcomes. Key elements of virtual care can be leveraged to improve efficiency. This study examines the implementation of a novel virtual care model - Virtual Rapid Access Clinics - at the Neurology Centre of Toronto. The model employs a patient-centred care workflow, involving multidisciplinary staff and online administrative tools that are synthesized to expedite care and maintain quality. METHODS: Virtual Rapid Access Clinic efficacy was studied by determining average wait times and patient throughput, calculated from anonymous data that was extracted from the clinic patient database (n = 1542). Comparative analysis focused on new patient consultations during the 12-month periods prior to (pre-Virtual Rapid Access Clinic, n = 456) and following (post-Virtual Rapid Access Clinic, n = 1086) Virtual Rapid Access Clinic implementation. RESULTS: After Virtual Rapid Access Clinic implementation, there was a mean 15-day wait time reduction, and a monthly average 52-patient increase in patient throughput. Wait time reductions and increased patient throughput were observed in all three Virtual Rapid Access Clinic sub-clinics - epilepsy, headache and concussion. Respectively, average wait times reduced significantly by 26.4 and 18.9 days and insignificantly by 1.1 days; monthly average patient throughputs increased by 235%, 95% and 161%. DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrated that the Virtual Rapid Access Clinic model of care is effective at reducing patient wait times and increasing patient throughput. While the Virtual Rapid Access Clinic presents a feasible model both during and after pandemic restrictions, further research exploring its scalability in other care contexts, potential changes in care quality and efficiency outside of pandemic restrictions must be performed.

Healing of a Chronic Pressure Injury in a Patient Treated With Medical Cannabis for Pain and Sleep Improvement: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: A small body of evidence suggests medical cannabis may facilitate wound healing, but the exact mechanism of this effect is unclear. PURPOSE: This case report describes a patient with a pressure injury (PI) who received cannabis oil treatment for pain management and sleep improvement. METHODS: A 37-year-old woman with multiminicore disease, scoliosis, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and epilepsy presented to the Neurology Centre of Toronto with chronic pain and sleep disturbance, including difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. She also had a 5-year history of a PI between her right iliac crest and right rib cage that had progressively worsened. The patient received a medical cannabis oil protocol that used a combination of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol. RESULTS: Cannabis oil was effective in treating pain and sleep difficulties. Unexpectedly, during the first 2 weeks of treatment, the PI started to heal and was almost completely closed at the 2-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although it is unknown if the observed healing of this refractory PI was indirectly or directly related to the cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol treatment, the potential relationships among pain, sleep disturbance, cannabis treatment, and healing should be explored.

Predictive biomarkers of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a review.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of taxane treatment during chemotherapy. Identifying predictive biomarkers of CIPN would allow physicians to alter treatment given to patients according to a personal risk of developing this condition. The current literature on CIPN biomarkers is reviewed, identifying biomarkers which have been found to be significantly related to CIPN. Three genetic biomarkers are identified (ARHGEF10 rs9657362, CYP2C8 rs11572080/rs10509681 and FGD4 rs10771973) which have been found to act as predictive CIPN biomarkers in multiple studies. Possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between these single nucleotide polymorphisms and CIPN development are explored. The biomarkers identified in this study should be investigated further to generate predictive biomarkers that may be used in a clinical setting.