Spatial Distribution of Brønsted Acid Sites Determines the Mobility of Reactive Cu Ions in the Cu-SSZ-13 Catalyst during the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3.

The formation of dimer-Cu species, which serve as the active sites of the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR), relies on the mobility of CuI species in the channels of the Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts. Herein, the key role of framework Brønsted acid sites in the mobility of reactive Cu ions was elucidated via a combination of density functional theory calculations, in situ impedance spectroscopy, and in situ diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. When the number of framework Al sites decreases, the Brønsted acid sites decrease, leading to a systematic increase in the diffusion barrier for [Cu(NH3)2]+ and less formation of highly reactive dimer-Cu species, which inhibits the low-temperature NH3-SCR reactivity and vice versa. When the spatial distribution of Al sites is uneven, the [Cu(NH3)2]+ complexes tend to migrate from an Al-poor cage to an Al-rich cage (e.g., cage with paired Al sites), which effectively accelerates the formation of dimer-Cu species and hence promotes the SCR reaction. These findings unveil the mechanism by which framework Brønsted acid sites influence the intercage diffusion and reactivity of [Cu(NH3)2]+ complexes in Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts and provide new insights for the development of zeolite-based catalysts with excellent SCR activity by regulating the microscopic spatial distribution of framework Brønsted acid sites.

Fine and combinatorial regulation of key metabolic pathway for enhanced ß-alanine biosynthesis with non-inducible Escherichia coli.

ß-Alanine is the only ß-amino acid in nature and one of the most important three-carbon chemicals. This work was aimed to construct a non-inducible ß-alanine producer with enhanced metabolic flux towards ß-alanine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. First of all, the assembled E. coli endogenous promoters and 5'-untranslated regions (PUTR) were screened to finely regulate the combinatorial expression of genes panDBS and aspBCG for an optimal flux match between two key pathways. Subsequently, additional copies of key genes (panDBS K104S and ppc) were chromosomally introduced into the host A1. On these bases, dynamical regulation of the gene thrA was performed to reduce the carbon flux directed in the competitive pathway. Finally, the ß-alanine titer reached 10.25 g/L by strain A14-R15, 361.7% higher than that of the original strain. Under fed-batch fermentation in a 5-L fermentor, a titer of 57.13 g/L ß-alanine was achieved at 80 h. This is the highest titer of ß-alanine production ever reported using non-inducible engineered E. coli. This metabolic modification strategy for optimal carbon flux distribution developed in this work could also be used for the production of various metabolic products.

[Relationship of triglyceride-glucose index and its derivatives with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents: an analysis based on a restricted cubic spline model]. / åŸºäºŽé™åˆ¶æ€§ç«‹æ–¹æ ·æ¡æ¨¡åž‹åˆ†æžé’å°‘å¹´ä¸‰é °ç”˜æ²¹-è‘¡è„ç³–æŒ‡æ•°åŠå ¶è¡ç”ŸæŒ‡æ•°ä¸Žè¡€åŽ‹å¼‚å¸¸çš„å ³ç³».

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglyceride-glucose-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents, providing theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hypertension in adolescents. METHODS: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 572 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Yinchuan City for questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and laboratory tests. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the relationship of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the groups with the highest quartile of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC had 1.48 times (95%CI: 1.07-2.04), 3.71 times (95%CI: 2.67-5.15), and 4.07 times (95%CI: 2.89-5.73) higher risks of blood pressure abnormalities compared to the groups with the lowest quartile, respectively. Moreover, as the levels of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC increased, the risk of blood pressure abnormalities gradually increased (P<0.05). A non-linear dose-response relationship was observed between TyG-BMI and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearity=0.002). Linear dose-response relationships were found between TyG and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearit =0.232), and between TyG-WC and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearity=0.224). CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of TyG and its derivatives are associated with an increased risk of blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents, with linear or non-linear dose-response relationships.

Hydrothermal Aging Alleviates the Phosphorus Poisoning of Cu-SSZ-39 Catalysts for NH3-SCR Reaction.

As a new type of catalyst with the potential for commercial application in NOx removal from diesel engine exhausts, Cu-SSZ-39 catalysts must have excellent resistance to complex and harsh conditions. In this paper, the effects of phosphorus on Cu-SSZ-39 catalysts before and after hydrothermal aging treatment were investigated. Compared with fresh Cu-SSZ-39 catalysts, phosphorus poisoning significantly decreased the low-temperature NH3-SCR catalytic activity. However, such activity loss was alleviated by further hydrothermal aging treatment. To reveal the reason for this interesting result, a variety of characterization techniques including NMR, H2-TPR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NH3-TPD, and in situ DRIFTS measurements were employed. It was found that Cu-P species produced by phosphorus poisoning decreased the redox ability of active copper species, resulting in the observed low-temperature deactivation. After hydrothermal aging treatment, however, Cu-P species partly decomposed with the formation of active CuOx species and a release of active copper species. As a result, the low-temperature NH3-SCR catalytic activity of Cu-SSZ-39 catalysts was recovered.

The relationship between different metabolic phenotypes and bone indices in Chinese children and adolescents aged 12-18 years old.

Data regarding different metabolic phenotypes and bone markers including bone mineral content (BMC) and osteocalcin (OCN) among children and adolescents are very limited. Hence, the purpose of this investigation was to explore the relationship between different metabolic phenotypes and BMC or OCN among Chinese children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1,328 children and adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years who were selected from four schools in Yinchuan city from 2018 to 2020 by stratified cluster random sampling. Subjects were divided into four groups according to BMI and metabolic status, as follows: metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW). The MHNW, MUNW, MHO, and MUO phenotypes in boys were 48.4%, 30.5%, 6.7%, and 14.4%, respectively, and were 47.8%, 33.6%, 6.6%, and 12.1% in girls, respectively. The MHO and MUO phenotypes had higher BMC than the MHNW or MUNW phenotype (all p < 0.05), and the MUO phenotype with BMC was significantly higher than MHO group in boys (p < 0.05). We discovered a significant positive correlation between BMC and the MHO (OR = 8.82, 95% CI = 2.04-38.16), MUO phenotypes (OR = 13.53, 95% CI = 4.10-44.70), while no association was found between OCN and metabolic phenotypes in neither boys nor girls. Overweight/obese children and adolescents had higher BMC, and there existed sex differences in the effect of metabolic status on BMC among them. OCN was not supposed to be an index of bone health in this study.

[Relationship between skeletal muscle mass index and metabolic phenotypes of obesity in adolescents]. / é’å°‘å¹´éª¨éª¼è‚Œè´¨é‡æŒ‡æ•°ä¸Žè‚¥èƒ–ä»£è°¢è¡¨åž‹çš„å ³ç³».

OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and metabolic phenotypes of obesity in adolescents, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of adolescent obesity and related metabolic diseases. METHODS: A total of 1 352 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling in Yinchuan City from October 2017 to September 2020, and they were surveyed using questionnaires, physical measurements, body composition measurements, and laboratory tests. According to the diagnostic criteria for metabolic abnormalities and the definition of obesity based on the body mass index, the subjects were divided into four metabolic phenotypes: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, and metabolically unhealthy obesity. The association between SMI and the metabolic phenotypes was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The SMI level in the metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity groups was lower than that in the metabolically healthy normal weight group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender and age, a higher SMI level was a protective factors for adolescents to develop metabolic unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes (OR=0.74, 0.60, and 0.54, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing SMI can reduce the risk of the development of metabolic unhealthy/obesity.

Association between body composition and blood pressure in normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the associations of body fat distribution and lean body mass (LBM) with blood pressure (BP) in normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 898 normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents, aged 10-18 years, were included this cross-sectional study via a cluster sampling method. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. The participants were measured for blood pressure (BP) using a calibrated electronic sphygmomanometer according to the standard method by the "American Hypertension Education Project Working Group". RESULTS: Body composition was related to abnormal BP in normal-weight children and adolescents. After the model adjusted for age, smoking, and drinking, regression analysis showed that fat mass percentage (FMP) was negatively associated with abnormal BP, while LBM was positively associated with abnormal BP in boys(P < 0.05). Whereas FMP and visceral fat level (VFL) were positively associated with abnormal BP in girls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are sex differences in the relationships between total body fat, visceral fat and lean body mass with abnormal BP in normal-weight youths. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay attention to the relative influence of the body composition of the boys and girls in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in youths.

α-Pinene inhibits the growth of cervical cancer cells through its proapoptotic activity by regulating the miR-34a-5p/Bcl-2 signaling axis.

Among gynecological tumors, cervical cancer (CC) has the second-highest prevalence and mortality rate. α-Pinene is a bicyclic monoterpenoid compound extracted from pine needles that carried promising anticancer properties. Nevertheless, its effect on CC and the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effect of α-Pinene on apoptosis in CC via in vitro assays of flow cytometry (FCW), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot. Following that, we detected the proapoptotic function of α-Pinene on HeLa cells in vivo by TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence staining. Our results displayed that the α-Pinene inhibited the growth of HeLa cells and stalled the cells in the G0/G1 phase. Interestingly, we also detected that α-Pinene induced HeLa cells to apoptosis. The results investigated that α-Pinene induced HeLa cells apoptosis along with up-regulating the expression of Bax, Bid, caspase-9, caspase-3, miR-34a-5p, and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 in vitro. At the same time, the expression levels of target genes in vivo were consistent with those in vitro. Our experiment proved that α-Pinene promoted apoptosis, which will be used to hopefully maximize the therapeutic strategies in clinical studies in CC.

[Association of serum uric acid with cardiovascular risk factors and their clustering among children and adolescents in Yinchuan City].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid and cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular risk factor clustering(CVRFC) in children and adolescents in Yinchuan, Ningxia. METHODS: A present study design was adopted, and 1486 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years in urban areas of Yinchuan City were selected as study subjects with a mean age of(14.3±1.4) years in 2015, 2017 to 2018 by stratified clustering sampling, including 728(49.0%) boys, 1157(77.9%) Han, 170(11.4%) Hui and 159(10.7%) from other ethnic groups. All study subjects completed questionnaires, physical measurements and biochemical tests. RESULTS: Hyperuricemia(HUA) was significantly positive associated with abdominal obesity(OR=3.23, 95%CI 2.37-4.40), hypertension(OR=1.64, 95%CI 1.21-2.23), dyslipidemia(OR=1.51, 95%CI 1.17-1.96), CVRFC≥2(OR=3.71, 95%CI 2.80-4.93) and CVRFC≥3(OR=6.92, 95% CI 4.18-11.64)(P<0.05). There was an additive interaction between HUA and gender on cardiovascular risk factors and their aggregation. Compared with non-HUA girls, HUA girls have 3.57 times(95%CI 2.26-5.64) the risk of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, CVRFC≥2 and CVRFC≥3, respectively, 1.65 times(95%CI 1.10-2.47), 4.10 times(95%CI 1.10-2.47) and 7.63 times(95%CI 3.67-15.89). HUA boys have 1.75 times(95%CI 1.16-2.65) the risk of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, CVRFC≥2 and CVRFC≥3, respectively, 2.14(95%CI 1.51-3.03) times, 4.27 times(95%CI 2.98-6.13) and 7.97 times(95%CI 4.11-15.44), (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia was significantly positive associated with cardiovascular risk factors and their aggregation in children and adolescents in Yinchuan, and there was an additive interaction between hyperuricemia and gender.

[Prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors among 12-18 years old adolescents in Yinchuan City from 2017 to 2019].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors among 12-18 years old children and adolescents in Yinchuan City. METHODS: A survey was conducted among 12-18 years old middle school students in Yinchuan from September 2017 to September 2019. A total of 1956 subjects were collected by using convenient sampling method, with an average age of(14. 4±1. 4) years. Boys and girls accounted for 52. 1% and 47. 9%, respectively, The Han and Hui nationalities accounted for 77. 7% and 16. 4%, respectively. Basic data such as age and gender were collected through questionnaire survey, and physical examination was used to measure height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were measured by laboratory blood pressure biochemistry. RESULTS: The detection rates of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, high TG, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, high LDL-C and dyslipidemia among 12-and 18-year-olds in Yinchuan City were 8. 3%, 17. 9%, 12. 4%, 1. 9%, 13. 2%, 2. 4%, 18. 6%, 1. 9% and 30. 1%, respectively. The detection rates of obesity, hyperglycemia, low HDL-C, high TG and dyslipidemia in boys were significantly higher than those in girls. Obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension in 12-15-year-old group were higher than those in 16-18-year-old group, and the detection rates of high TC, low HDL-C, high LDL-C and dyslipidemia were lower than those in 16-18-year-old group(P& lt; 0. 05). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in different age groups of boys and girls were compared. The detection rates of obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension in the 12-15 age group were higher than those in the 16-18 age group, while the rates of high TG, low HDL-C, high LDL-C and dyslipidemia were higher in the 12-15 age group, but these differences were only significant in boys. Among girls, the detection rate of high TC and high LDL-C was higher in the age group of 12 to 15 years old(P& lt; 0. 05). The detection rate of metabolic syndrome in 12-18-year-old adolescents was 7. 9%. The detection rate of metabolic syndrome in boys(10. 1%) was higher than that in girls(5. 5%). The detection rates of metabolic syndrome in 12-15 years old and 16-18 years old were 9. 1% and 4. 9% respectively, and the differences were statistically significant(P& lt; 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors in 12-18 years old adolescents in Yinchuan City is at a high level, boys are higher than girls, and the prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension are higher in 12-15 years old group. Dyslipidemia varies greatly in different gender and age groups.

[Combined influence of lipid accumulation product and body mass index on cardiometabolic risk factors among Yinchuan City children and adolescents].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between children lipid accumulation product(CLAP) and body mass index(BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. METHODS: A current situation study design was adopted. A total of 936 children and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old in Yinchuan City were selected from September 2017 to September 2019 by a convenient sampling method. Among them, 537(57. 40%) boys and an average age of(14. 82±2. 08) years old, the number of Han and other ethnic groups were 705(75. 30%) and 231(24. 70%) respectively. And conduct questionnaire surveys(using Yinchuan Children's Blood Pressure Survey-standard questionnaire, which mainly includes basic information, birth and infant feeding, physical activity and sleep, etc. ), physical examination(including height, weight, blood pressure and body components) and biochemical index detection(including fasting blood glucose and blood lipids), using binary classification Logistics regression to analyze the correlation between CLAP and BMI and cardiovascular risk factors, and ROC curve analysis of the accuracy of CLAP and BMI in the diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: The association between CLAP≥P75 and BMI normal weight and cardiovascular risk factor aggregation≥2 was 38. 13(95%CI 23. 83-61. 00) times(P<0. 05) of CLAP<P75 and BMI non-obese, which was higher than that of other different combinations and cardiovascular risk factors Correlation. The accuracy of CLAP≥P75 combined with BMI in the diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factor aggregation≥2 was 0. 87(95%CI 0. 85-0. 89), higher than other diagnoses. CONCLUSION: CLAP and BMI are associated with cardiovascular risk factors.

The relationship between parental religiosity and school age children's dietary behavior in Ningxia Province, China: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown parental religious involvement was associated with better health behaviors of their children. However, the relationship between parental religiosity and child dietary behaviors remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental religious involvement and the dietary behaviors of school-aged children in mainland, China. METHODS: Participants were selected from a northwest province of China using a multi-stage sampling process from July 2017 to October 2017. The frequency of parental religious activities and the importance of religion in life, along with the dietary behaviors of children, were collected using a questionnaire. Dietary pattern analysis coupled with multivariable linear regression was employed to test the association between parental religious involvement and children's dietary behavior. RESULTS: The regression model indicated no significant relationship between parental religious behaviors and children's dietary behaviors in the overall sample. However, the frequency of mother's religious attendance was inversely related to children's consumption of vegetables (ß = -0.40, P < 0.05) in the Hui subsample (vs. Han) when stratifying analyses by ethnicity. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest among those of Hui ethnicity, parental religious involvement may impact children's dietary behavior in a way that may affect their future health habits.

Adipokines are Associated With Hypertension in Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) Children and Adolescents: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The potential mechanism underlying the relationship between the risk of cardiovascular diseases and metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals remains unclear. The aim of the study was to prospectively investigate the potential role of the adipokines in the association between the MHO phenotype and hypertension in children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 1184 participants at baseline were recruited from a cohort of the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) study. The participants were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MS) components. The levels of the adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, were measured. RESULTS: MHO individuals had higher leptin levels (11.58 ug/L vs 1.20 ug/L), leptin/adiponectin ratio (1.18 vs 0.07), and lower adiponectin (11.65 ug/L vs 15.64 ug/L) levels compared to metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals (all P < 0.05). Compared to metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals, the prevalence of high leptin levels (26.5% vs 0.4%), low adiponectin levels (17.9% vs 6.3%) and a high leptin/adiponectin ratio (26.0% vs 2.1%) was higher in MHO individuals (all P < 0.01). The MHO individuals with abnormal adipokines were significantly more likely to developing hypertension (high leptin, relative risk 11.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-103.35; and high leptin/adiponectin ratio, relative risk 9.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-87.97) compared to metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals with normal adipokine levels. CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal adipokine levels contribute to the increased hypertension risk in MHO children and adolescents. The non-traditional risk factors should be highlighted in MHO children and adolescents in clinical practice and research.

Validation of Omron HBP-1300 professional blood pressure monitor based on auscultation in children and adults.

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUnD: To determine whether the professional Omron HBP-1300 blood pressure (BP) monitor meets American Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) accuracy standards in Chinese children and adults. METHOD: According to the AAMI protocol, simultaneous auscultatory measurements by two observers using a mercury manometer were obtained in participants using the Omron HBP-1300. Triple measurements were obtained after a minimum 5-min rest with a 1-min interval between adjacent measurements. RESULTS: A total of 85 participants submitted to 255 doctor-measured BP and 255 successful professional monitor readings. The initial auscultation systolic BP was <100 mmHg in 25 participants (29.4%), 100-160 mmHg in 53 participants (62.4%), and >160 mmHg in seven participants (8.2%). All of the simultaneous measurements agreed to within ± 10 mmHg, while 95% agreed to within ± 4 mmHg for both systolic and diastolic BP, and the consistency between two observers was satisfactory. The difference between the devices was -1.3 ± 3.6 mmHg for systolic BP and 0.7 ± 3.8 mmHg for diastolic BP and by AAMI method 1, which met this guideline. The average difference between two devices by AAMI method 2 was 1.4 ± 3.2 mmHg for systolic BP and 1.0 ± 3.9 mmHg for diastolic BP, which met this guideline. CONCLUSION: The professional BP monitor Omron HBP-1300 is desirable for measuring the BP for Chinese children and adults.

10-Year Trends in Serum Lipid Levels and Dyslipidemia Among Children and Adolescents From Several Schools in Beijing, China.

BACKGROUND: Serum lipid trends in children and adolescents are predictors of the future prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults. METHODS: Data were obtained from cross-sectional studies conducted in 2004 and 2014. A total of 3249 children aged 6-18 years were included in the present study; serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured. RESULTS: Overall, upward trends in mean TC, non-HDL-C, and LDL-C levels, and in geometric mean TG levels, were observed (all P < 0.001). Mean HDL-C levels significantly decreased between 2004 and 2014 (from 1.54 mmol/L to 1.47 mmol/L; P < 0.001). The prevalence of abnormal levels of serum lipids, with the exception of the prevalence of low HDL-C (P = 0.503), significantly increased over the study period (all P < 0.05). The prevalence of hyperlipidemia (from 13.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.6%-15.0% to 24.5%; 95% CI, 22.4%-26.6%; P < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (from 18.8%; 95% CI, 16.9%-20.7% to 28.9%; 95% CI, 26.7%-31.3%; P < 0.001) also increased from 2004 to 2014. The prevalence of abnormal serum lipids increased, and mean serum lipid levels, with the exception of TC levels, worsened in subjects with obesity compared with non-overweight subjects, as well as in subjects with mixed obesity compared with non-obese subjects (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Adverse trends in serum lipid concentrations over the past 10 years were observed among children aged 6-9 years, with the exception of specific lipids, and among adolescents aged 10-18 years, from several schools in Beijing, China.

[Change in the prevalence of obesity phenotypes and cardiometabolic disorders among children aged 6- 17 in Beijing during 2004- 2013].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of obesity phenotypes and cardiometablic disorders (CDs) among children aged 6- 17 in Beijing from 2004 to 2013. METHODS: Data were obtained from two cross-section surveys, which were conducted in 2004 and 2013. In 2004, by using stratified cluster sampling design, 20 primary or middle schools were selected from 7 districts (Xicheng, Dongcheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, Daxing, Pinggu, and Yanqing) in Beijing, and 20 554 school children aged 6-17 were recruited, with weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure measured. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured in 962 subjects from one school. In 2013, by using the same sampling design, 7 211 students from two districts (Haidian and Dongcheng) were surveyed with weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure measured, and fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) were measured for 1 344 subjects in the same school measured in 2004. Student's-t test was used to analyze the difference in body mass index(BMI), WC, and waist to height ratio (WHtR) among children between 2004 and 2010. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose(IFG), dyslipidemia, and metabolic disorders clustering between 2004 and 2010, and among different types of obesity; logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between three types of obesity and risks of cardiovascular metabolic disorders. RESULTS: In boys, BMI ((20.3 ± 4.4) vs (19.4 ± 4.2) kg/m(2), t=11.18, P<0.001), WC ((70.6 ± 12.8) vs (66.7 ± 11.8) cm, t=17.20, P<0.001) and WHtR (0.451 ± 0.064 vs 0.437 ± 0.059, t=11.64, P<0.001) were significantly higher in 2013 than those in 2004. Similarly in girls, BMI ((18.9 ± 3.6) vs (18.7 ± 3.7) kg/m(2), t=12.21, P<0.001), WC ((64.5 ± 9.6) vs (63.0 ± 9.3) cm, t=8.15, P<0.001) and WHtR (0.430 ± 0.047 vs 0.423 ± 0.047, t=14.13, P<0.001) were also significantly higher in 2013 than those in 2004. The prevalence of combined obesity rose from 8.27% (1 697/20 526) in 2004 to 10.74% (774/7 209) in 2013, and central obesity from 3.08% (632/20 526) to 4.44% (320/7 209). The prevalence of hypertension (10.78%(313/1 344) vs 4.29% (42/962), χ(2)=36.76, P<0.001), IFG(49.54%(664/1 344) vs 6.45%(63/962), χ(2)=506.61, P<0.001), high TC(11.53%(155/1 344) vs 5.03%(49/962), χ(2)=28.31, P< 0.001), high TG(7.51%(101/1 344) vs 3.59%(35/962), χ(2)=29.59, P<0.001) were significantly higher in 2013 than those in 2004. Subjects with combined obesity had higher risks of hypertension (OR=5.88, 95% CI: 4.42-7.82), high TG (OR=7.12, 95%CI: 4.35-11.64), low HDL-C (OR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.55-5.95), high LDL-C (OR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.22-4.02), CDs≥2 (OR=3.07, 95% CI: 2.09-4.50), comparing to children without obesity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of types of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders, except for low HDL-C and high HDL-C, were significantly higher in 2013 than those 2004 among chlildren aged 6-17 year in Beijing. Children with combined obesity had higher prevalence of metabolic disorders.

Association of depression with inflammation in hospitalized patients of myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between depression and inflammatory markers in patients admitted to the hospital for myocardial infarction. METHODS: Inflammatory cytokines, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed in a group of 75 depressed participants (score of ≥ 12) and compared to a control group of 75 nondepressed participants (score < 12), all who had been admitted to the hospital for myocardial infarction. The presence of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Beck Depressive Symptoms Inventory II Scale (BDI-II). RESULTS: Depressed myocardial infarction participants had significantly greater levels of TNF-α (t = 2.070, P < 0.05) compared with control myocardial infarction participants. The BDI-II score was positively correlated with TNF-α levels (r = 0.222, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the presence of depressive symptoms is positively associated with TNF-α levels among patients who have suffered from myocardial infarction.

Twin fetuses associated with double amniotic sacs diagnosed using transvaginal ultrasonography: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Conjoined twins are a rare twin malformation commonly presenting as single amniotic sac twinning, with double amniotic sac twinning being extremely rare and poorly reported. Most conjoined twins are females. CASE SUMMARY: A woman of childbearing age conceived naturally, and at 8 wk of gestation, transvaginal ultrasonography showed an embryo and cardiac tube pulsation in both amniotic sacs. On dynamic observation, the two embryos were connected in the lower abdomen, with restricted movement. A repeat transvaginal ultrasound at 11 wk showed that the intestinal tubes of both fetuses were connected in the lower abdomen. The pregnancy was terminated and labor was induced. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal ultrasound may detect conjoined twin malformations in an early stage. Our case provides diagnostic insights for ultrasonographers and can help develop early therapeutic interventions.

Impact of high fat and low lean mass phenotype on bone mineral content: A cross-sectional study of Chinese adolescent population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Research on body composition phenotypes and bone health in adolescents is limited. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between different body composition phenotypes, bone mineral content, and bone metabolism markers in Chinese adolescents. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1852 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were selected from six schools in Yinchuan City between 2017 and 2020 using stratified cluster random sampling. The participant's body composition and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Serum bone metabolic markers (OC, CTX, and Ca) were measured. Based on their FMI and LMI, individuals were categorized into four body composition phenotypes: low fat mass-low lean mass (LFMI-LLMI), low fat mass-high lean mass (LFMI-HLMI), high fat mass-high lean mass (HFMI-HLMI), high fat mass-low lean mass (HFMI-LLMI). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the four different body composition phenotypes with BMC, CTX and Ca in boys (all P < 0.05), similar conclusions were found in girls, except the OC and CTX. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, and others, compared with the LFMI-HLMI reference group, the two high FMI groups (HFMI-LLMI and HFMI-HLMI) had a greater negative correlation with BMC, while the low BMC risk of the HFMI-LLMI group was the highest (OR = 33.28; 95%CI: 11.12-99.63; P < 0.001). The correlation between BMC of different body composition phenotypes in boys was greater than that in girls. HFMI-HLMI is a risk phenotype negatively associated with Ca content (ß = -0.12; 95%CI: -0.19 to -0.04; P < 0.05). Regardless of body composition level, BMC was always negatively correlated with fat mass (LLMI: ß = -0.27; 95%CI: -0.32-0.21; HLMI: ß = -0.52, 95%CI: -0.65-0.40) and positively correlated with lean mass (LFMI: ß =0.24; 95%CI: 0.20-0.28; HFMI: ß =0.23, 95%CI:0.13-0.33) (all P < 0.001). The fat mass showed different correlations with OC and CTX in girls and boys based on LLMI or HLMI (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HFMI-LLMI is a risk phenotype of low BMC in Chinese adolescents, and the relationship between fat mass and bone metabolism markers is affected by lean body mass and gender.

Metabolome Profiling and Pathway Analysis in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity among Chinese Adolescents Aged 11-18 Years.

The underlying mechanisms of the development of unhealthy metabolic phenotypes in obese children and adolescents remain unclear. We aimed to screen the metabolomes of individuals with the unhealthy obesity phenotype and identify the potential metabolic pathways that could regulate various metabolic profiles of obesity in Chinese adolescents. A total of 127 adolescents aged 11-18 years old from China were investigated using a cross-sectional study. The participants were classified as having metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) based on the presence/absence of metabolic abnormalities defined by metabolic syndrome (MetS) and body mass index (BMI). Serum-based metabolomic profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was undertaken on 67 MHO and 60 MUO individuals. ROC analyses showed that palmitic acid, stearic acid, and phosphate could predict MUO, and that glycolic acid, alanine, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and 2-hydroxypentanoic acid could predict MHO (all p < 0.05) from selected samples. Five metabolites predicted MUO, 12 metabolites predicted MHO in boys, and only two metabolites predicted MUO in girls. Moreover, several metabolic pathways may be relevant in distinguishing the MHO and MUO groups, including the fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation in mitochondria, propanoate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Similar results were observed for boys except for phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, which had a high impact [0.098]. The identified metabolites and pathways could be efficacious for investigating the underlying mechanisms of the development of different metabolic phenotypes in obese Chinese adolescents.