RESUMEN
BMS-986205 (Linrodostat) is a small molecule inhibitor of Indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO) that is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the oral treatment of advanced cancer. Initially, there were concerns regarding possible toxicity following administration, since BMS-986205 undergoes metabolism to form 4-chloroaniline. However, it was later determined that the downstream metabolites of 4-chloroaniline might be a greater concern. To evaluate the potential toxicity of these metabolites, a sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method was needed to quantify both the parent compound and multiple metabolites. This presented a challenge since the method required the analysis of multiple analytes while still retaining the analytical sensitivity required to support studies. By utilizing a multi-function analytical method, we were able to quantify the necessary analytes using a complex LC-MS/MS-based method including the application of both negative and positive electrospray ionization.
Asunto(s)
Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Acetamidas , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Quinolinas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
Background: Surrogate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in preclinical in vivo studies can be challenging to quantify due to lack of suitable immunoaffinity reagents or unavailability of the mAb protein sequence. Generic immunoaffinity reagents were evaluated to develop sensitive LC-MS/MS assays. Peptides of unknown sequence can be used for selective LC-MS quantification. Results: anti-mouse IgG1 was found to be an effective immunoaffinity reagent, enabling quantification of mouse IgG1 mAbs in mouse serum. Selective peptides of unknown sequence were applied for multiplex LC-MS quantification of two rat mAbs co-dosed in mouse. Conclusion: Generic anti-mouse IgG subtype-specific antibodies can be used to improve assay sensitivity and peptides of unknown sequence can be used to quantify surrogate mAbs when the mAb protein sequence in unavailable.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/sangre , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , RatasRESUMEN
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing dioxygenase enzyme implicated in cancer immune response. This account details the discovery of BMS-986242, a novel IDO1 inhibitor designed for the treatment of a variety of cancers including metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Given the substantial interest around this target for cancer immunotherapy, we sought to identify a structurally differentiated clinical candidate that performs comparably to linrodostat (BMS-986205) in terms of both in vitro potency and in vivo pharmacodynamic effect in a mouse xenograft model. On the basis of its preclinical profile, BMS-986242 was selected as a candidate for clinical development.
RESUMEN
IDO1 inhibitors have shown promise as immunotherapies for the treatment of a variety of cancers, including metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. We recently reported the identification of several novel heme-displacing IDO1 inhibitors, including the clinical molecules linrodostat (BMS-986205) and BMS-986242. Both molecules contain quinolines that, while being present in successful medicines, are known to be potentially susceptible to oxidative metabolism. Efforts to swap this quinoline with an alternative aromatic system led to the discovery of 2,3-disubstituted pyridines as suitable replacements. Further optimization, which included lowering ClogP in combination with strategic fluorine incorporation, led to the discovery of compound 29, a potent, selective IDO1 inhibitor with robust pharmacodynamic activity in a mouse xenograft model.
RESUMEN
The SAR of PXR transactivation by 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine-2-one based ATP competitive inhibitors of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor kinase (IGF-1R) is discussed. Compounds without PXR transactivation, with in vivo antitumor activity, reduced protein binding and improved oral exposure are presented.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/química , Bencimidazoles/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Esteroides/genética , Activación Transcripcional , Administración Oral , Animales , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Bencimidazoles/síntesis química , Bencimidazoles/farmacocinética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Receptor X de Pregnano , Unión Proteica , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Receptores de Esteroides/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Therefore, the inhibition of the kinase activity of BTK with a small molecule inhibitor could offer a breakthrough in the clinical treatment of many autoimmune diseases. This Letter describes the discovery of BMS-986143 through systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) development. This compound benefits from defined chirality derived from two rotationally stable atropisomeric axes, providing a potent and selective single atropisomer with desirable efficacy and tolerability profiles.
RESUMEN
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is a member of the Tec family of kinases and is essential for B cell receptor (BCR) mediated signaling. BTK also plays a critical role in the downstream signaling pathways for the Fcγ receptor in monocytes, the Fcε receptor in granulocytes, and the RANK receptor in osteoclasts. As a result, pharmacological inhibition of BTK is anticipated to provide an effective strategy for the clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. This article will outline the evolution of our strategy to identify a covalent, irreversible inhibitor of BTK that has the intrinsic potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties necessary to provide a rapid rate of inactivation systemically following a very low dose. With excellent in vivo efficacy and a very desirable tolerability profile, 5a (branebrutinib, BMS-986195) has advanced into clinical studies.
Asunto(s)
Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Indoles/farmacología , Piperidinas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Animales , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Indoles/farmacocinética , Indoles/uso terapéutico , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/tratamiento farmacológico , Macaca fascicularis , Ratones , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Piperidinas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The C-aryl glucoside 6 (dapagliflozin) was identified as a potent and selective hSGLT2 inhibitor which reduced blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner by as much as 55% in hyperglycemic streptozotocin (STZ) rats. These findings, combined with a favorable ADME profile, have prompted clinical evaluation of dapagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucósidos/síntesis química , Hipoglucemiantes/síntesis química , Riñón/metabolismo , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Administración Oral , Animales , Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucósidos/química , Glucósidos/farmacología , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Ratas , Transportador 2 de Sodio-Glucosa , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
3-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine-2-one-based ATP competitive inhibitors of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Kinase (IGF-IR) were optimized for reduced Cyp3A4 inhibition and improved oral exposure. The use of malonate as methyl anion synthon via S(N)Ar reaction and double decarboxylation under mild conditions is demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Inhibidores del Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Adenosina Trifosfato/química , Administración Oral , Área Bajo la Curva , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/química , Diseño de Fármacos , Flúor/química , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Modelos Químicos , Nitrógeno/química , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/química , Somatomedinas/química , Timidina/químicaRESUMEN
Atropisomers are stereoisomers resulting from hindered bond rotation. From synthesis of pure atropisomers, characterization of their interconversion thermodynamics to investigation of biological stereoselectivity, the evaluation of drug candidates subject to atropisomerism creates special challenges and can be complicated in both early drug discovery and later drug development. In this paper, we demonstrate an array of analytical techniques and systematic approaches to study the atropisomerism of drug molecules to meet these challenges. Using a case study of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor drug candidates at Bristol-Myers Squibb, we present the analytical strategies and methodologies used during drug discovery including the detection of atropisomers, the determination of their relative composition, the identification of relative chirality, the isolation of individual atropisomers, the evaluation of interconversion kinetics, and the characterization of chiral stability in the solid state and in solution. In vivo and in vitro stereo-stability and stereo-selectivity were investigated as well as the pharmacological significance of any changes in atropisomer ratios. Techniques applied in these studies include analytical and preparative enantioselective supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), enantioselective high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), circular dichroism (CD), and mass spectrometry (MS). Our experience illustrates how atropisomerism can be a very complicated issue in drug discovery and why a thorough understanding of this phenomenon is necessary to provide guidance for pharmaceutical development. Analytical techniques and methodologies facilitate key decisions during the discovery of atropisomeric drug candidates by characterizing time-dependent physicochemical properties that can have significant biological implications and relevance to pharmaceutical development plans.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía con Fluido Supercrítico , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa , Dicroismo Circular , Descubrimiento de Drogas/instrumentación , Cinética , Espectrometría de Masas , Estereoisomerismo , TermodinámicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A target protein-based affinity extraction LC-MS/MS method was developed to enable plasma level determination following ultralow dosing (0.1-3 µg/kg) of an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins molecule. Methodology & results: Affinity extraction (AE) utilizing immobilized target protein BIR2/BIR3 was used to selectively capture the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins molecule from dog plasma and enable removal of background matrix components. Pretreatment of plasma samples using protein precipitation was found to provide an additional sensitivity gain. A LLOQ of 7.8 pM was achieved by combining protein precipitation with AE. The method was used to support an ultralow dose dog toxicity study. CONCLUSION: AE-LC-MS/MS, utilizing target protein, is a highly sensitive methodology for small molecule quantification with potential for broader applicability.
Asunto(s)
Análisis Químico de la Sangre/métodos , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Proteínas Inhibidoras de la Apoptosis/antagonistas & inhibidores , Isoquinolinas/análisis , Límite de Detección , Oligopéptidos/análisis , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Humanos , Proteínas Inmovilizadas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Inmovilizadas/química , Proteínas Inhibidoras de la Apoptosis/química , Isoquinolinas/química , Isoquinolinas/farmacología , Masculino , Oligopéptidos/química , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is a member of the Tec family of kinases. BTK plays an essential role in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling as well as Fcγ receptor signaling in monocytes and Fcε receptor signaling in mast cells and basophils, all of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease. As a result, inhibition of BTK is anticipated to provide an effective strategy for the clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. This article details the structure-activity relationships (SAR) leading to a novel series of highly potent and selective carbazole and tetrahydrocarbazole based, reversible inhibitors of BTK. Of particular interest is that two atropisomeric centers were rotationally locked to provide a single, stable atropisomer, resulting in enhanced potency and selectivity as well as a reduction in safety liabilities. With significantly enhanced potency and selectivity, excellent in vivo properties and efficacy, and a very desirable tolerability and safety profile, 14f (BMS-986142) was advanced into clinical studies.
Asunto(s)
Carbazoles/química , Carbazoles/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa , Animales , Carbazoles/farmacocinética , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Femenino , Humanos , Isomerismo , Macaca fascicularis , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/metabolismo , Quinazolinas/química , Quinazolinas/farmacocinética , Quinazolinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) belongs to the TEC family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and plays a critical role in multiple cell types responsible for numerous autoimmune diseases. This article will detail the structure-activity relationships (SARs) leading to a novel second generation series of potent and selective reversible carbazole inhibitors of BTK. With an excellent pharmacokinetic profile as well as demonstrated in vivo activity and an acceptable safety profile, 7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-[2-methyl-3-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole-1-carboxamide 6 (BMS-935177) was selected to advance into clinical development.
Asunto(s)
Antirreumáticos/química , Carbazoles/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinazolinonas/química , Administración Oral , Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa , Animales , Antirreumáticos/síntesis química , Antirreumáticos/farmacocinética , Antirreumáticos/farmacología , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Experimental/patología , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Disponibilidad Biológica , Carbazoles/síntesis química , Carbazoles/farmacocinética , Carbazoles/farmacología , Línea Celular , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Perros , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Ratones , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Permeabilidad , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/química , Quinazolinonas/síntesis química , Quinazolinonas/farmacocinética , Quinazolinonas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & METHOD: The small sample volumes characteristic to dried blood spot (DBS) sampling enabled us to right-shift the linear dynamic range of an LC-MS/MS plasma assay tenfold and eliminate the need for extensive sample dilution in support of three discovery toxicology studies in which both plasma and DBS samples were collected. With the right-shifted DBS assay range, no DBS study samples required dilution, while all of the plasma samples were diluted 5-50-fold. RESULTS: DBS standard curves from 78-80,000 nM were linear, the performance of the curve and QC samples was within acceptable discovery-assay criteria and individual plasma and DBS data were comparable. Linear correlations of C(max) and AUC derived from DBS and plasma data resulted in R(2) > 0.9. CONCLUSION: This bioanalytical strategy represents a benefit to the bioanalyst that can expedite the return of data and minimize the potential for error and variability that can result from extensive dilutions of study samples.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/normas , Pruebas con Sangre Seca/normas , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Espectrometría de Masas/normas , Plasma/química , Administración Oral , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Perros , Macaca fascicularis , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/análisis , Control de Calidad , RatasRESUMEN
BMS-754807 and metformin were co-administered in drug discovery studies which required the quantitation of both compounds in plasma. Since the two compounds are chemically and structurally dissimilar, developing a single bioanalytical method presented a number of chromatographic challenges including the achievement of appropriate retention times and peak shapes on a single analytical column. To address this chromatographic challenge, we investigated different LC columns under different gradient elution schemes using aqueous/organic mobile phases. Using unbonded silica column and aqueous/methanol mobile phase, we were able to obtain robust and well-resolving chromatographic conditions to support the development and implementation of a single LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method. The use of sub-2 micron particle sizes and a high flow rate, which are attainable with UPLC systems, enhanced the method. The method performance evaluation showed that the method easily met the normally used acceptance criteria for bioanalytical methods, namely a deviation of +/-15% from the nominal concentration except at lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), where +/-20% is accepted. The reported LLOQ of 7.8 ng/ml, for both BMS-754807 and metformin, was adequate to support the pharmacokinetic studies.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Metformina/sangre , Pirazoles/sangre , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Triazinas/sangre , Acetonitrilos , Animales , Bicarbonatos , Calibración , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Formiatos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Metformina/química , Pirazoles/química , Ratas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Triazinas/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prodrugs that exhibit ex vivo instability owing to high levels of esterases in rodent blood, plasma and serum present challenges in the accurate determination of drug exposure in samples from pharmacokinetic, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, efficacy and toxicology studies in drug discovery. Ensuring the stability of analytes in sample collection, handling, analysis and storage must be established for program progression. Current protocols for the stabilization of prodrugs include the immediate quenching of whole blood with acetonitrile or methanol to stop enzyme activity, or the addition of an esterase inhibitor such as phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride to the blood collection tubes before serum or plasma is generated. Dried blood spots (DBS) sampling may offer an alternative prodrug stabilization method for sample collection and storage from rodent studies in drug discovery. RESULTS: Two different prodrugs of the same parent compound that were known to exhibit ex vivo instability in rodent blood were selected for the evaluation of DBS for analyte stabilization. Each prodrug was spiked separately into fresh rat EDTA whole blood and prepared three ways: from liquid whole blood, prepared and analyzed as lysate; from whole blood spotted onto Whatman 903(®) Protein Saver untreated cards (903 cards); and from whole blood spotted onto Whatman FTA(®) Elute Micro treated cards, currently known as DMPK-B cards (FTA cards). Samples were extracted by filtration-assisted protein precipitation at 0, 2, 5 and 24 h and 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after spiking and analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. CONCLUSIONS: For these two prodrugs, stability on DBS cards was observed in rat EDTA whole blood for at least 21 days at room temperature as determined by loss of prodrug and appearance of parent. The Whatman FTA Elute cards, treated with reagents that lyse cells, did not offer more stability for the investigated compounds than the Whatman 903 Protein Saver untreated cards.
Asunto(s)
Análisis Químico de la Sangre/métodos , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre/métodos , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos , Esterasas , Profármacos/química , Animales , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre/instrumentación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Desecación , Ácido Edético/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Esterasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Esterasas/metabolismo , Indicadores y Reactivos/química , Profármacos/análisis , Profármacos/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
BMS-754807 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor family kinases (Ki, <2 nmol/L). It is currently in phase I development for the treatment of a variety of human cancers. BMS-754807 effectively inhibits the growth of a broad range of human tumor types in vitro, including mesenchymal (Ewing's, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and liposarcoma), epithelial (breast, lung, pancreatic, colon, gastric), and hematopoietic (multiple myeloma and leukemia) tumor cell lines (IC50, 5-365 nmol/L); the compound caused apoptosis in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, Rh41, as shown by an accumulation of the sub-G1 fraction, as well as by an increase in poly ADP ribose polymerase and Caspase 3 cleavage. BMS-754807 is active in vivo in multiple (epithelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic) xenograft tumor models with tumor growth inhibition ranging from 53% to 115% and at a minimum effective dose of as low as 6.25 mg/kg dosed orally daily. Combination studies with BMS-754807 have been done on multiple human tumor cell types and showed in vitro synergies (combination index, <1.0) when combined with cytotoxic, hormonal, and targeted agents. The combination of cetuximab and BMS-754807 in vivo, at multiple dose levels, resulted in improved clinical outcome over single agent treatment. These data show that BMS-754807 is an efficacious, orally active growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor family-targeted kinase inhibitor that may act in combination with a wide array of established anticancer agents.
Asunto(s)
Pirazoles/farmacología , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Insulina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Triazinas/farmacología , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Western Blotting , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cetuximab , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Estructura Molecular , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas/metabolismo , Pirazoles/administración & dosificación , Pirazoles/farmacocinética , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Triazinas/administración & dosificación , Triazinas/farmacocinética , Carga Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
This report describes the biological activity, characterization, and SAR leading to 9d (BMS-754807) a small molecule IGF-1R kinase inhibitor in clinical development.
Asunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Pirazoles/farmacología , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Triazinas/farmacología , Animales , Perros , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Humanos , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/farmacocinética , Pirazoles/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Triazinas/química , Triazinas/farmacocinética , Triazinas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
We previously reported that 1 (BMS-536924), a benzimidazole inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, had demonstrated in vivo antitumor activity. This lead compound was found to have potent CYP3A4 inhibition, CYP3A4 induction mediated by PXR transactivation, poor aqueous solubility, and high plasma protein binding. Herein we disclose the evolution of this chemotype to address these issues. This effort led to 10 (BMS-695735), which exhibits improved ADME properties, a low risk for drug-drug interactions, and in vivo efficacy in multiple xenograft models.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Bencimidazoles/administración & dosificación , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Piridonas/administración & dosificación , Piridonas/farmacología , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Oral , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Bencimidazoles/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Inhibidores del Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Estructura Molecular , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Receptor X de Pregnano , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Piridonas/química , Receptores de Esteroides/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Esteroides/metabolismo , Solubilidad , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
An indole-based P1 moiety was incorporated into a previously established factor Xa inhibitor series. The indole group was designed to hydrogen-bond with the carbonyl of Gly218, while its 3-methyl or 3-chloro substituent was intended to interact with Tyr228. These interactions were subsequently observed in the X-ray crystal structure of compound 18. SAR studies led to the identification of compound 20 as the most potent FXa inhibitor in this series (IC(50) = 2.4 nM, EC(2xPT) = 1.2 microM). An in-depth energetic analysis suggests that the increased binding energy of 3-chloroindole-versus 3-methylindole-containing compounds in this series is due primarily to (a) the more hydrophobic nature of chloro- versus methyl-containing compounds and (b) an increased interaction of 3-chloroindole versus 3-methylindole with Gly218 backbone. The stronger hydrophobicity of chloro- versus methyl-substituted aromatics may partly explain the general preference for chloro- versus methyl-substituted P1 groups in FXa, which extends beyond the current series.