RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Worldwide prevalence of asthma seems to be increasing in adolescents, but limited data is available regarding the management of asthma in this age group. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, we conducted an international survey focused on physicians who manage asthma in order to understand how Asthma Management in ADOlescents (AMADO) is currently performed. METHODS: The AMADO survey is a web-based global survey of physician's attitudes towards the management of asthma in adolescents, circulated for 17 weeks. The survey had an anonymous and voluntary standard. The questionnaire consisted in 27 questions covering the training background of respondents, difficulties in diagnosis, and in management of asthma in adolescents. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-four responses were received from 46 countries, from all continents. Most (65%) of participants indicated allergy as being their main specialty. The majority of participants (62%) had more than 5 years of clinical practice, but 62% have no formal training in management of adolescents with asthma. Most of participants (96%) indicated having at least one case of asthma in adolescents per month. 60% of respondents mentioned that the asthmatic adolescents only had the consultation due to the family imposition. All respondents mentioned having difficulties in the management of asthma in adolescents due to patient poor adherence. Overall, 44% of participants have no specific health care resources for adolescents in their departments. Main suggestions from the participants were: optimization of time and personalized communication to these cohort, and standardization of multidisciplinary actions to improve adherence to asthma control treatment. CONCLUSION: Management of asthma in adolescents is still a challenge in clinical practice. The results from this survey helped us to identify the key issues to improve clinical outcomes in the future. This survey is the first step of the international AMADO initiative, which intends to optimize diagnosis and control of asthma and prevent avoidable deaths.
RESUMEN
In 1993 the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology was the first official organization to recognize that sublingual administration could be "promising route" for allergic desensitization. A few years later, the World Health Organization recommended this therapy as "a viable alternative to the injection route in adults." The first meta-analysis showed sublingual allergen specific immunotherapy (SLIT) effectiveness for allergic rhinitis and another study showed SLIT can actually help prevent the development of asthma both in adults and in children. The main goal of this review article is to present insight into the most up-to-date understanding of the clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the treatment of pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. A literature review was performed on PubMed from 1990 to 2015 using the terms "asthma," "allergic rhinitis," "children," "allergen specific immune therapy." Evaluating data from double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (DB-PC-RCTs), the clinical efficacy (assessed as the reduction of symptom score and the need of rescue medicament) of SLIT for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, has been confirmed in various meta-analysis Outcomes such as rhinoconjunctivitis score and medication scores, combined scores, quality of life, days with severe symptoms, immunological endpoints, and safety parameters were all improved in the SLIT-tablet compared with placebo group. SLIT safety has been already proven in many DB-PC-RCTs and real-life settings. In accordance with all of the above mentioned, the goals for future trials and studies are the development of comprehensive guidelines for clinical practice on immunotherapy, embracing all the different potential participants. The importance of allergen immunotherapy is of special relevance in the pediatric age, when the plasticity and modulability of the immune system are maximal, and when preventative effects can be reasonably expected.