RESUMEN
The concentrations of creatine in the rat testis are high compared to all other tissues except muscle. The total creatine content of the testis is also considerably greater than all organs examined except muscle. Vasectomised male rats were given 2-methoxyethanol or cadmium chloride at doses that caused testicular damage. In the vasectomised rats, testicular damage still resulted in significant creatinuria. This indicates the creatine reaches the urine at least partly via the blood stream and not via the vas deferens.
Asunto(s)
Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Creatina/orina , Inmunosupresores/toxicidad , Testículo/patología , Vasectomía/efectos adversos , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Cloruro de Cadmio/administración & dosificación , Cloruro de Cadmio/toxicidad , Carcinógenos/administración & dosificación , Creatina/sangre , Creatinina/sangre , Creatinina/orina , Glicoles de Etileno/administración & dosificación , Glicoles de Etileno/toxicidad , Hidroxibutirato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Isoenzimas , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Masculino , Proteinuria , Radioinmunoensayo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Testículo/química , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testosterona/sangre , Conducto Deferente/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Fólico/uso terapéutico , Hiperhomocisteinemia/complicaciones , Hiperhomocisteinemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Humanos , Hiperhomocisteinemia/sangre , Hiperhomocisteinemia/genética , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2) , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-NH/genética , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Abstract This study has compared different biomarkers of testicular damage, in particular evaluating urinary creatine as a non-invasive marker. Male rats were exposed to various doses of 2-methoxyethanol, a known testicular toxicant. Pathological damage, testis weight, urinary creatine and creatinine, serum lactate dehydrogenase, isozyme C4 (LDH-C4), and serum testosterone were determined. 2-Methoxyethanol caused dose-dependent pathological damage to the testes which was detectable at the lowest dose (100 mg kg(-1)). Urinary creatine excretion was significantly raised at all doses but testis weight was only significantly decreased at the highest two doses (500, 750 mg kg(-1)). Serum testosterone was only significantly decreased at 500 mg kg(-1) and LDH-C4 was not significantly increased at any dose. Therefore urinary creatine was the most sensitive marker of 2-methoxethanol-induced testicular damage and dysfunction.
RESUMEN
The effect of the specific muscle toxicant, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), on urinary creatine and taurine, markers of testicular and liver dysfunction, respectively, has been investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Damage to the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles was accompanied by a rise in serum creatine kinase (predominantly the muscle-specific isoenzyme, CK-MM), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Increases in serum alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) and total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (mainly isoenzymes, LDH1 and LDH2), occurred but only minor damage to the heart and no rise in CK-MB, (heart muscle isoenzyme) was seen. Damage to stage XIV tubules in the testis was evident histologically after the highest dose. This was accompanied by an increase in LDH-C4 testis-specific isoenzyme and a decrease in serum testosterone. Apart from reduced serum albumin, no other serum parameters indicated liver damage and there was only slight liver steatosis in some animals at the highest dose. Urinary taurine was not significantly raised after any dose of TMPD, but there was a significant increase in urinary creatine after the highest dose. It can be concluded that in the presence of discrete muscle damage, the use of urinary taurine and urinary creatine as markers of liver and testicular dysfunction, respectively, is not confounded. However, a variety of different markers should be used in conjunction to fully delineate the tissue damage due to toxic chemicals.