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BACKGROUND: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of pediatric congenital hydronephrosis, and continuous kidney function monitoring plays a role in guiding the treatment of UPJO. In this study, we aimed to explore the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the urinary extracellular vesicles(uEVs) of children with UPJO and determine potential biomarkers of uEVs proteins that reflect kidney function changes. METHODS: Preoperative urine samples from 6 unilateral UPJO patients were collected and divided into two groups: differential renal function (DRF) ≥ 40% and DRF < 40%.We subsequently used data-independent acquisition (DIA) to identify and quantify uEVs proteins in urine, screened for DEPs between the two groups, and analyzed biofunctional enrichment information. The proteomic data were evaluated by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a new UPJO testing cohort. RESULTS: After one-way ANOVA, a P adj value < 0.05 (P-value corrected by Benjamin-Hochberg) was taken, and the absolute value of the difference multiple was more than 1.5 as the screening basis for obtaining 334 DEPs. After analyzing the enrichment of the DEPs according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment combined with the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network results, we selected nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 (NDUFS1) for further detection. The expression of NDUFS1 in uEVs was significantly lower in patients with DRF < 40% (1.182 ± 0.437 vs. 1.818 ± 0.489, P < 0.05), and the expression level of NDUFS1 was correlated with the DRF in the affected kidney (r = 0.78, P < 0.05). However, the NDUFS1 concentration in intravesical urine was not necessarily related to the change in DRF (r = 0.28, P = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced expression of NDUFS1 in uEVs might indicate the decline of DRF in children with UPJO.
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Biomarcadores , Vesículas Extracelulares , Obstrucción Ureteral , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Biomarcadores/orina , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Hidronefrosis/orina , Hidronefrosis/congénito , Riñón/metabolismo , Pelvis Renal , Proteómica/métodos , Obstrucción Ureteral/orina , Obstrucción Ureteral/congénitoRESUMEN
miRNA has been a research hotspot in recent years and its scope of action is very wide, involving the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other biological behaviors. This study intends to explore the role of miRNA in the lipid metabolism and development of Wilms tumor (WT) by detecting and analyzing the differences in the expression profiles of miRNAs between the tumor and adjacent normal tissue. Gene detection was performed in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues of three cases of WT to screen differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). According to our previous research, FASN, which participates in the lipid metabolism pathway, may be a target of WT. The starBase database was used to predict FASN-targeted miRNAs. The above two groups of miRNAs were intersected to obtain FASN-targeted DEMs and then GO Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of FASN-targeted DEMs was performed. Finally, the FASN-targeted DEMs were compared and further verified by qRTâPCR. Through gene sequencing and differential analysis, 287 DEMs were obtained, including 132 upregulated and 155 downregulated miRNAs. The top ten DEMs were all downregulated. Fourteen miRNAs targeted by the lipid metabolism-related gene FASN were predicted by starBase. After intersection with the DEMs, three miRNAs were finally obtained, namely, miR-107, miR-27a-3p, and miR-335-5p. GO enrichment analysis was mainly concentrated in the Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex and response to prostaglandin E. Further experimental verification showed that miR-27a-3p was significantly correlated with WT (P = 0.0018). Imbalanced expression of miRNAs may be involved in the occurrence and development of WT through lipid metabolism. The expression of miR-27a-3p is related to the malignant degree of WT, and it may become the target of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of WT in the later stage.
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BACKGROUND: To compare the outcomes of hypospadias repair using tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty and modified TIP with lateral skin to widen the urethral plate (WTIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from pre-pubertal boys who underwent primary hypospadias repair between May 2018 and July 2023. The cases were divided into two groups; one group underwent TIP with urethral plate ≥ 6 mm width and the other group with urethral plate width < 6 mm underwent WTIP. WTIP urethroplasty was performed by widening incisions on the outer margins of the urethral plate to incorporate penile and glandular skin lateral to the urethral plate to facilitate tubularization. Complication rates and urinary functions were compared. RESULTS: A total of 157 patients were enrolled in this study. Eighty-eight cases with narrow urethral plate were subjected to WTIP urethroplasty, and the rest were subjected to TIP urethroplasty. The preoperative glans width in WTIP group was less than that in TIP group (P < 0.001), and 44.3% had midshaft meatus in WTIP group compared to 17.4% in TIP group (P < 0.001). However, the incidences of postoperative complications (17.6% vs. 21.6%, P = 0.550) were not statistically different between the TIP and WTIP groups. In addition, both groups did not differ significantly in postoperative uroflowmetry assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The described technique helps to create an adequately caliber aesthetic neomeatus and facilitates tubularization, especially in hypospadias with a narrow urethral plate. Our data suggest that augmentation of a narrow urethral plate with WTIP has a similar surgical outcome to that of the TIP procedure in patients with a wide urethral plate.
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Hipospadias , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Masculino , Humanos , Hipospadias/cirugía , Pene/cirugía , Piel , Estética , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto , Proteínas Co-RepresorasRESUMEN
Enhancement of transverse magneto-optical Kerr effects (T-MOKEs) based on surface plasmon resonance has attracted wide attention because of their high sensing performance. Most studies, however, mainly focus on prism-based magnetoplasmonic structures or architectures that incorporate a noble metal lattice and ferromagnetic layer, hindering device fabrication, miniaturization, and integration into a microfluidic sensing configuration. Herein, we propose a single Co6Ag94 ferromagnetic-metal layer perforated with a square nanopore array system with a pronounced T-MOKE magnitude 51 times higher than that of a smooth film, and with potential to detect gaseous analytes. The proposed system is sufficient to detect gaseous media for early environmental monitoring and enables an accessible pathway for magneto-optical sensor design.
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The transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) has attracted widespread scientific interest because of its potential applications in biosensor technology, data storage, optical isolation, and telecommunications. More conventional architectures, including prism-based metal/magnetic multilayers and nanoarrays that integrate plasmonic and magnetic materials, are commonly used to amplify TMOKE through the high-quality propagation of the surface plasmon resonance optical mode. However, the main disadvantages of these architectures are their large ohmic losses and radiation damping, resulting in a large optical spectrum linewidth, which hinders the sensing performance. Here, we use a theoretical approach to show that it is possible to employ a low-loss Fabry-Perot optical mode on a magneto-optical platform for TMOKE signal and gaseous sensing enhancement by means of a single CoFeB ferromagnetic film directly overlayed on an already industrial anodic aluminum oxide/aluminum template. The proposed strategy can therefore potentially be exploited for high-precision and low-loss magneto-optical sensors.
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In this study, three kinds of wines separately made from mulberry (MW), grape (GW), or mulberry/grape (MGW) were developed and their enological parameters, sensory scores, volatile components, and microbiota were investigated and compared. Contrary to the order of residual sugar and acidity of the three kinds of wines, the order of alcohol content from high to low is GW, MW, and MGW. A total of 60 volatile components (VCs), including esters (17), alcohols (12), acids (6), aldehydes (7), ketones (3), alkenes (3), amines (3), alkanes (4), pyrazines (2), benzene (1), sulfide (1), and thiazole (1), were identified by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer (GC-IMS). The fingerprint of VCs and principal component analysis revealed that the volatile profiles of MGW and GW were more similar in comparison to that of MW and were significantly correlated with the mass ratio of mulberry to grape. Lactobacillus, Weissella, Pantoea, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, Paenibacillus, Pediococcus, and Saccharomyces were identified as the main microflora at the genus level shared by the MW, MGW, and GW, suggesting that the heterolactic bacteria may contribute more to the high content of volatile acids in MW and MGW. The heatmap of core microbiota and main VCs of MW, MGW, and GW suggested the complicated and significant correlation between them. The above data implied that the volatile profiles were more closely related to the raw materials of winemaking and markedly affected by the fermentation microorganisms. This study provides references for evaluation and characterization of MGW and MW and improvement of MGW and MW winemaking process. KEY POINTS: ⢠Fruit wine enological parameters, volatile profile, and microbiota were compared. ⢠Sixty volatile compounds were identified by GC-IMS in three types of fruit wines. ⢠Winemaking materials and microbiota affect volatile profiles of the fruit wines.
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Microbiota , Morus , Vitis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles , Vino , Vino/microbiología , Vitis/microbiología , Frutas/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Fermentación , Odorantes/análisisRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to analyze the changes in differential renal function (DRF) after laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children with high-grade hydronephrosis and factors influencing DRF improvement. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) patients with SFU grade IV who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty between February 2018 and October 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: DRF improvement ≥5% (group 1) and DRF improvement <5% (group 2). Preoperative, operative, and postoperative parameters were included in the statistical analysis in both groups. RESULTS: A total of 29 patients with a median age of 6 months were included. The preoperative DRF in group 1 was significantly lower than that in group 2 (36.97 ± 8.47% vs. 45.19 ± 5.22%, p = 0.004). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the preoperative DRF was the predictor for renal function improvement after pyeloplasty (p = 0.021) and had a significant predictive value (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Nearly half of the patients with high-grade UPJO had improved renal function at 1 year follow-up after laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Preoperative DRF was a predictor of renal function improvement, and postoperative functional recovery was superior in children with lower preoperative DRF.
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Hidronefrosis , Laparoscopía , Uréter , Obstrucción Ureteral , Humanos , Niño , Lactante , Pelvis Renal/cirugía , Riñón/cirugía , Riñón/fisiología , Uréter/cirugía , Hidronefrosis/cirugía , Obstrucción Ureteral/cirugía , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Potential mechanisms of poor CD4+ T cell reconstitution after viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV disease have been extensively investigated. We recently discovered that anti-CD4 autoantibody plays a role in impaired CD4+ T cell recovery from ART in HIV-infected individuals with viral suppression, which accounts for a mechanism specific for CD4+ T cell depletion. However, the mechanism of pathologic anti-CD4 autoantibody production in treated HIV disease remains unknown. Here we report that seasonal influenza vaccination induced IgG anti-CD4 autoantibodies, predominant IgG3 subclass, in some viral-suppressed ART-treated HIV+ subjects. To explore the mechanism of anti-CD4 antibody production in this population, we performed and analyzed gene profiles in isolated B cells using a gene microarray and plasma 32 cytokines. Notably, both gene expression and multiple cytokine analyses showed pre-vaccination plasma level of IL-23 was the key cytokine linked to IgG anti-CD4 antibody production in response to immunization in vivo Exogenous rIL-23 increased autoreactive IgG binding on CD4+ T cells from HIV+ subjects in vitro Results from this study may reveal a role of IL-23 in anti-CD4 autoantibody production in treated HIV.IMPORTANCEIn our published studies, we determine that pathological anti-CD4 IgGs from immunologic non-responders on virally-suppressive ART (CD4 cell counts < 350 cells/µL) mediated CD4+ T cell death via antibody-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), which play a role in poor CD4+ T cell recovery from ART. Up to 25% of HIV-infected individuals are non-responders and demonstrate increased morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanism of anti-CD4 autoantibody production in treated HIV remains unknown. In this study, we report that IL-23 may be the key cytokine to promote anti-CD4 autoantibody production after immunization in ART-treated HIV-infected individuals.
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BACKGROUND: Wilms' tumour (WT) is a malignant tumour of childhood with the typical symptoms of an abdominal mass. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate and imply a poor prognosis in WT, but the mechanism of how TAMs affect the prognosis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to present the molecular mechanisms underlying the protumorigenic capacities of TAMs in WT. METHODS: TAMs were polarized into M1- and M2-type macrophages. The two types of macrophages were cocultured with SK-NEP-1 cells, and their cell viability and invasion ability were measured. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression was assessed in different types of macrophages, and the role of MMP9 in WT was explored. Then data from children diagnosed with WT in our department between February 2006 and July 2014 were retrospectively analysed, the tumour tissues were analysed to explore the distribution of MMP9. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the relationship between MMP9 expression and follow-up information was performed. RESULTS: The results showed that M2-type macrophages could improve the viability and invasive ability of SK-NEP-1 cells. MMP9 expression in M2-type macrophages was significantly higher than that in M1-type macrophages. MMP9 could activate the AKT/PI3K signalling pathway to initiate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and promote the proliferation and invasion of WT. In WT tissue, the MMP9 expression level was elevated and it was located in the tumour stroma, which was the same as M2-type macrophage location, and a high level of MMP9 predicted poor survival. CONCLUSION: M2-type macrophages facilitate tumour proliferation and metastasis by secreting MMP9 to enhance the EMT process via a PI3K/AKT dependent pathway in Wilms' tumour.
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Neoplasias Renales , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz , Tumor de Wilms , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Niño , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiología , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tumor de Wilms/genética , Tumor de Wilms/metabolismo , Tumor de Wilms/patologíaRESUMEN
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) plays key roles in regulating cellular proliferation and maintaining tissue homeostasis. TGF-ß exerts tumor-suppressive effects in the early stages of carcinogenesis, but it also plays tumor-promoting roles in established tumors. Additionally, it plays a critical role in cancer radiotherapy. TGF-ß expression or activation increases in irradiated tissues, and studies have shown that TGF-ß plays dual roles in cancer radiosensitivity and is involved in ionizing radiation-induced fibrosis in different tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Furthermore, TGF-ß promotes radioresistance by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), suppresses the immune system and facilitates cancer resistance. In particular, the links between TGF-ß and the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) axis play a critical role in cancer therapeutic resistance. Growing evidence has shown that TGF-ß acts as a radiation protection agent, leading to heightened interest in using TGF-ß as a therapeutic target. The future of anti-TGF-ß signaling therapy for numerous diseases appears bright, and the outlook for the use of TGF-ß inhibitors in cancer radiotherapy as TME-targeting agents is promising.
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Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Transducción de Señal , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Fibrosis , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Histone modification genes (HMs) play potential roles in plant growth and development via influencing gene expression and chromatin structure. However, limited information is available about HMs genes in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). RESULTS: Here, we described detailed genome-wide identification of HMs gene families in grapevine. We identified 117 HMs genes in grapevine and classified these genes into 11 subfamilies based on conserved domains and phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis. We described the genes in terms of their chromosomal locations and exon-intron distribution. Further, we investigated the evolutionary history, gene ontology (GO) analysis, and syntenic relationships between grapes and Arabidopsis. According to results 21% HMs genes are the result of duplication (tandem and segmental) events and all the duplicated genes have negative mode of selection. GO analysis predicted the presence of HMs proteins in cytoplasm, nucleus, and intracellular organelles. According to seed development expression profiling, many HMs grapevine genes were differentially expressed in seeded and seedless cultivars, suggesting their roles in seed development. Moreover, we checked the response of HMs genes against powdery mildew infection at different time points. Results have suggested the involvement of some genes in disease resistance regulation mechanism. Furthermore, the expression profiles of HMs genes were analyzed in response to different plant hormones (Abscisic acid, Jasmonic acid, Salicylic acid, and Ethylene) at different time points. All of the genes showed differential expression against one or more hormones. CONCLUSION: VvHMs genes might have potential roles in grapevine including seed development, disease resistance, and hormonal signaling pathways. Our study provides first detailed genome-wide identification and expression profiling of HMs genes in grapevine.
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Expresión Génica , Genes de Plantas , Código de Histonas , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vitis/genética , Biología Computacional , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Semillas/genética , Transducción de Señal/genética , Vitis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is the most common digestive disease caused by disorders of neural crest development. Despite the known involvement of miR-140-5p in many human diseases, its biological role in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) remains undefined. In this study, we sought to reveal the roles of miR-140-5p in the pathogenesis of HSCR. METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to measure the relative expression levels of miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins in stenotic and dilated sections of the colon of 32 HSCR patients. Targets and proteins were evaluated by western blotting, and Transwell, CCK-8, and flow cytometry assays were adopted to detect the functional effects of miR-140-5p on SH-SY5Y cells. RESULTS: miR-140-5p was significantly downregulated in HSCR tissue samples with increased expression of EGR2, and knockdown of miR-140-5p inhibited cell migration and proliferation and promoted apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cell lines. EGR2 expression was inversely correlated with that of miR-140-5p in cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: miR-140-5p may influence the pathogenesis of HSCR by targeting EGR2.
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Regulación hacia Abajo/fisiología , Proteína 2 de la Respuesta de Crecimiento Precoz/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/patología , MicroARNs/antagonistas & inhibidores , Western Blotting , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Proteína 2 de la Respuesta de Crecimiento Precoz/genética , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/genética , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Background: Traumatic vascular injuries in the pediatric patient population are uncommon, especially firecracker blast injuries. Extremities are more frequently affected. Vascular lesions in children have unique characteristics compared to adults, including small vessel diameters, continued growth and development, and susceptibility to vasospasm. There are no clear guidelines for vascular repair and postoperative drug therapy. This may present some challenges during treatment. The study's purpose is to retrospectively analyze a case of femoral artery and vein injuries in a child due to firecracker explosion, and to summarize the characteristics of femoral artery and vein rupture in children and the diagnostic and therapeutic experience. Case Description: We reported a 9-year-old boy with a firecracker injury to the perineum resulting in a left femoral artery and femoral vein rupture. In particular, the wound from firecracker explosion is located at the point of body projection of the spermatic cord, rather than the femoral artery and femoral vein. Emergency compression of the wound to stop bleeding provided an opportunity for subsequent surgical treatment. The intraoperative exploration revealed that the left femoral artery was mostly dissected along a 3-cm long section with a disfigured wall, and the left femoral vein was partially dissected with its anterior wall partially disrupted and missing. The child was subjected to left femoral artery autologous great saphenous vein interposition and left femoral vein repair with patch plasty. The patient had a successful surgery with good follow-up. Conclusions: Pediatric femoral arteriovenous injury is a rare and complex condition, often associated with critical complications, challenging surgical interventions, and a high risk of mortality and disability. The location of body wounds may contribute to delayed diagnosis of the condition, emphasizing the importance of timely physical examination for early diagnosis. Timely and accurate vascular repair is paramount for saving lives and minimizing the risk of limb amputation. Long-term postoperative follow-up is necessary to monitor the patency of the repaired vessels and promptly detect any complications.
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The occurrence of synchronous bilateral testicular germ cell tumors (BTGCTs) of different pathologic histologic types in pediatric patients is rare. We reported a case of a left testicular yolk sac tumor (YST) combined with a right testicular mature teratoma. Left orchiectomy and right testis-sparing surgery were performed. Retroperitoneal recurrence was noted 6 months after surgery. The patient underwent reoperation for the resection of a retroperitoneal mass, which was pathologically diagnosed as a recurrent YST. A full cycle of chemotherapy was then administered. No tumor metastasis or recurrence has yet been detected. We present this new case, and we review the previous literature on synchronous BTGCTs to explore the clinicopathologic features and summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic experience. Radical orchiectomy, as the standard treatment for YSTs, should be considered with caution in patients with bilateral testicular tumors. Rapid intraoperative frozen pathology provides support for timely surgical planning. In patients with intraoperative frozen pathologic specimens suggestive of benign lesions, testis-sparing surgery is the preferred treatment option.
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Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe complication of sepsis, however, its exact mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether clusterin is essential to the development of SAE during the aging process of astrocytes. In the study, septic mice were established with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharides were applied to astrocytes in vitro. Evan's blue dye was used in vivo to show blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. A morris water maze test was conducted to assess cognitive functions of the mice. Clusterin-knockout mice were used to examine the effect of clusterin on sepsis. The astrocytes were transfected with lentivirus expressing clusterin cDNA for clusterin overexpression or pYr-LV-clusterin small hairpin RNA for clusterin knockdown in vitro . The expression of clusterin, p-p53, p21, GDNF, and iNOS was detected. he CLP mice exhibited a higher clusterin expression in hippocampus tissue, aging astrocytes, lower GDNF expression and higher iNOS expression, accompanied with BBB damage and cognitive deficiency. Following clusterin knockout, this pathological process was further enhanced. In vitro , following lipopolysaccharides treatment, astrocytes exhibited increased clusterin, p-p53, p21, iNOS and decreased GDNF. Following clusterin knockdown, the cells exhibited a further increase in p-p53, p21, and iNOS and decrease in GDNF. Clusterin overexpression, however, helped inhibit astrocytes aging and neuroinflammation evidenced by decreased p-p53, p21, iNOS and increased GDNF. The present study has revealed that clusterin may exert its neuroprotective effect by preventing aging in astrocytes, suppressing the secretion of iNOS and promoting GNDF release.
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Astrocitos , Barrera Hematoencefálica , Clusterina , Disfunción Cognitiva , Ratones Noqueados , Encefalopatía Asociada a la Sepsis , Animales , Clusterina/metabolismo , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Encefalopatía Asociada a la Sepsis/metabolismo , Ratones , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Senescencia Celular/fisiología , Lipopolisacáridos , Sepsis/complicaciones , Sepsis/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Heat stroke induced cerebral damage via neuroinflammation. This study aimed to approach whether heat stress would promote NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome via reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mice were randomly divided into the sham group, the heat stress group, and the heat stressâ +â TEMPOL (ROS scavenger) group. And the NLRP3 -/- mice were applied and divided into the NLRP3 -/- â +â sham group and the NLRP3 -/- â +â heat stress group. Furthermore, the BV2 cells were divided into four groups following the intervention measures: the heat stressâ +â TEMPOL group, the heat stressâ +â Z-VAD-FMK (caspase-1 inhibitor) group, the heat stress group, and the control group. ROS levels were examined. The expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and IL-18 were detected by western blotting and double immunofluorescence. We found that heat stress attack induced excessive ROS in microglia and subsequently activated NLRP3 inflammasome in both mice and BV2 cells. When ROS scavenged, the expression level of NLRP3 was downregulated. Furthermore, with NLRP3 inflammasome activation, the expression levels of caspase-1, IL-1ß, and IL-18 were increased. In NLRP3 -/- mice, however, the caspase-1, IL-1ß, and IL-18 were significantly declined. Further experiments showed that pretreatment of caspase-1 inhibitor decreased the expression levels of IL-1ß and IL-18. These results suggest that heat stress attack caused neuroinflammation via excessive ROS activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia cells.
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Golpe de Calor , Inflamasomas , Interleucina-18 , Interleucina-1beta , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Animales , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , Ratones , Inflamasomas/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Golpe de Calor/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microglía/metabolismo , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/metabolismo , Ratones Noqueados , Masculino , Caspasa 1/metabolismo , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/fisiología , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The occurrence of horseshoe kidney with duplex urinary collecting systems is rare. Herein, we report a case of bilateral Wilms tumor (BWT) in a patient with a concurrent horseshoe kidney and left duplex kidney, which had not been previously reported. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor recurred 6 months postoperatively. A second resection was performed, followed by the administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient passed away 15 months after the initial diagnosis of BWT.
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Riñón Fusionado , Sistema Urinario , Tumor de Wilms , Humanos , Riñón Fusionado/diagnóstico , Riñón Fusionado/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Tumor de Wilms/complicaciones , Tumor de Wilms/diagnóstico , Tumor de Wilms/terapiaRESUMEN
The transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) with gas sensing ability was comprehensively investigated in this study by directly patterning a subwavelength periodic nanogroove on a cobalt film. High-amplitude TMOKE was observed for the proposed structure, which was 243 times as intense as that of a smooth film. Further, the physical mechanism responsible for this significant improvement is elucidated by the effective activation of surface plasmon resonance at the gas-cobalt interface. The mechanism was established by investigating the electric field distributions at a resonant angle of incidence and the reflectance spectra associated with the metallic nanogroove grating structure. Moreover, we demonstrate that this scheme has a high detection sensitivity of up to 112.2° per refractive index unit and a large figure of merit, allowing the system to be integrated with microfluidics for sensing applications.
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Ossifying renal tumor of infancy (ORTI) is an extremely rare benign renal solid tumor with typical clinical and pathological features. Most cases are diagnosed in infants that are less than 12 months of age and is more common in males. The first symptom in most patients is painless gross hematuria. Microscopically, the tumor has three main components: an osteoid core, osteoblast-like cells, and spindle cells. We reported a case of a 21-day-old patient diagnosed with ORTI who underwent partial nephrectomy and had good follow-up. The unique features of this case are the strong expression of Wilms Tumor-1 (WT-1) and a high Ki-67 index in the hot spot area. ORTI is considered to have a favorable prognosis. Due to the rarity of WT-1 positivity and high Ki-67 index, we should be highly aware that this patient needs to be followed closely. In addition, we reviewed the available literature on ORTI, with the aim of summarizing the diagnostic and therapeutic experience. The diagnosis needs to be given cautiously on the basis of clinical symptoms, imaging, and pathologic examination. Depending on the location and extent of the tumor, surgery can be performed by partial nephrectomy or nephrectomy to avoid overtreatment.