Nurses' self-efficiency levels in safe blood and blood component transfusion: The case of Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine nurses' self-efficacy levels for safe transfusion of blood and blood components. METHOD: The design of this study is descriptive and cross-sectional. Before starting the study, ethics committee approval and institution approval was obtained. The participants were informed about the purpose of the study, and their written consent was obtained. The research was conducted between the dates 01 March 2022 and 01 May 2022, a private hospital in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 482 nurses. Data were collected using descriptive characteristics form and the Safe Blood and Blood Products Transfusion Self-Efficacy Scale (SBT-SES). RESULTS: The total SBT-SES scores of the nurses were high (202.7 ± 50.1), and the behavioral sub-factor self-efficacy scores were moderate (48.2 ± 19.5). When the SBT-SES scores were analyzed based on demographic characteristics, it was found that those who had received previous safe blood transfusion training scored higher than those who had not, and women scored higher than men (p < 0.05). In addition, no relationship was found between age, working time, number of weekly blood transfusions, and self-efficacy levels. DISCUSSION: As a result, nurses' self-efficacy levels towards blood transfusion are high. However, the behavioral sub-factor self-efficacy level is not sufficient. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, in order to increase the behavioral self-efficacy levels of nurses, our recommendations are as follows: investigating appropriate training methods, considering the sex factor when choosing training methods and techniques, investigating the barriers to safe transfusion behaviors, and measuring self-efficacy levels at regular intervals.

Medical device-related pressure injuries in intensive care patients: A prospective and descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Treatment and care of patients in intensive care units require the use of many medical and technological instruments. Pressure injuries occur when medical devices, which are used more in intensive care patients and are in direct or indirect contact with the skin, cause focal and localized forces on the superficial or deep tissues. OBJECTIVE: In this study, it was aimed to examine the risk factors, incidence and characteristics of medical device-related pressure injuries in intensive care patients. METHODS: This study has a prospective and descriptive design. The study was carried out in the adult intensive care unit of a healthcare institution located in the western Turkey. 138 intensive care patients treated in the level 3 adult intensive care unit were enrolled in the study. The first observations and evaluations of intensive care patients in terms of pressure injuries were made within the first 24 h after admission to the clinic. Observations continued daily during the hospitalization period of the patient. Data were collected with the Intensive Care Patient Information Form, Glasgow Coma Scale, Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale and Identification Form for Medical device-related Pressure Ulcers. Analysis of data was performed with descriptive statistical methods, Shapiro-Wilk Test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Chi-Square analysis. RESULTS: Medical device-related pressure injury developed in 11.6% (n = 16) of intensive care patients. Anatomically, pressure injury occurred most frequently on the lip (37.5%) and most frequently due to the intubation tube (37.5%). Most of the developed wounds (75.0%) were found to be stage 2. Multinominal logistic regression analysis, which was performed to determine the effect of independent variables on medical device-related pressure injuries in intensive care patients, was found to be statistically significant (X2 = 37.098, p < 0.001). When the regression coefficients were examined, it was found that total hospitalization time in the intensive care unit (ß = 0.948, p < 0.01) and PaCO2 level (ß = 0.923, p < 0.01) had a positive, and duration of aerobic respiration with nasal cannula or mask (ß = -0.920, p < 0.01) and Braden score (ß = -0.948, p < 0.01) had a negative and significant effect on medical device-related pressure injuries. CONCLUSIONS: In this study found that the MDRPIs development rate was lower than other studies. It was observed that pressure injuries due to medical devices developed more frequently in patients with longer hospitalization days, higher PaCO2 levels, shorter duration of oxygenated breathing with nasal cannula or mask, and lower Braden scores.

Missed nursing care: A cross-sectional and multi-centric study from Turkey.

AIM: The aim of this study is to explore the extent of missed nursing care in Turkey and identify its predictors. DESIGN: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study. METHODS: A total of 477 nurses working in seven public hospitals participated in this study from March to July 2019. The survey included two components: a personal and professional characteristics data form and the MISSCARE survey. RESULTS: The study revealed that emotional support, patient bathing and ambulation were the most frequently missed nursing care activities. An inadequate number of assistive personnel and staff, along with an unexpected increase in patient volume, were identified as the primary reasons for missed nursing care. Of the 21 missed nursing care activities, nine predictive models showed statistical significance (p < 0.05). Factors such as the type of unit, years of work experience, working hours, number of patients cared for in a shift and intention to leave the unit were found to be significant predictors of seven missed nursing care activities (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study found that numerous variables influence each care activity, which suggests the need to devise more targeted and specific strategies to minimize missed nursing care. Thorough investigation into the impact of these strategies on each care activity is essential.

The Effect of Video-Assisted Training and Visual Feedback With UV Germ Technology on Nursing Students' Hand Hygiene Beliefs, Practices, and Compliance: A Randomized Controlled Study.

BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene (HH) is the most effective way to prevent health care-associated infections; however, HH compliance rates continue to be suboptimal. PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of video-assisted training and visual feedback with ultraviolet (UV) germ technology on nursing students' HH beliefs, practices, and compliance. METHODS: This study used a double-blind, posttest randomized controlled design. The experimental group received training, visual feedback with UV germ technology, and instructional videos. RESULTS: A total of 46 students were included in the study (experimental 21 and control 25). The mean score of the HH skills checklist of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P = .0001). The HH compliance rate was also higher in the experimental group (52.62%) compared with the control group (39.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The training, visual feedback with UV germ technology, and instructional videos increased HH compliance rates in nursing students.

Scale for maternity role perceptions.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Maternal Role Perception Scale, a measure of motherhood, based on the perceptions of women. The 5-point Likert draft scale with 61 items was used. The data of 610 mothers were analyzed in the study. In the validity-reliability analysis of the scale, exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used. As a result of the factor analysis, the scale consists of 28 items and two factors explaining 55.741% of the total variance. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the scale was calculated as 0.952. The Maternity Role Perception Scale (MRPS) is a reliable and valid scale developed for Turkish women. Maternal role is affected by physical, psychological, social status and the life of the woman. It is recommended to apply MRPS on different samples.

Development, reliability, and validity of the Insulin Treatment Self-Management Scale.

AIM: The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measuring tool to determine the level of self-management of insulin treatment by individuals with diabetes. METHODS: This was a methodological instrument development study. This study was conducted in a training and research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between January and June 2014.The sample of the study included 311 individuals with diabetes. The item pool was formed with 63 items. The content validity was assessed by 14 experts. The draft scale with 58 items was formed with a five-point Likert type scale. The structural validity of the scale was assessed via exploratory factor analysis. In the context of reliability analyses, the item-total score correlation, the split-half method, and the test-retest application were used. RESULTS: The scale had 32 items and three subscales. The first factor was called "behavioral subdimension," the second as "cognitive subdimension," and the third, "affective subdimension." The total Cronbach alpha value of the scale was 0.91. CONCLUSION: Preliminary validity and reliability was demonstrated for a newly developed scale for measuring insulin treatment self-management of adult individuals with diabetes.

Do Patient Experiences Have Mediating Roles on Patient Loyalty?

The study aimed to evaluate the mediating roles of patient experiences on patient loyalty. The data were collected through an electronic questionnaire regarding feedback from 5732 patients received outpatient clinics. Patient loyalty was evaluated using the Net Promoter Score (NPS11) that patients were asked whether they would like to recommend the hospital to their relatives or friends. Patient experiences with physicians, nurses, and waiting times were also asked in the questionnaire. After preliminary analysis, mediation analyses were performed to evaluate direct and indirect causal effects among variables for NPS11. While patient experiences are used as possible mediators, Branch Groups in the first and Admission Time in the second model are independent variables. In the analyses, Surgical Medical Science (p = 0.019) and Day Shift (p = 0.000) have a direct mediating effect on NPS11. Nursing care experiences were found to be a mediator variable for NPS11 in both models (p = 0.000 for both). Patient loyalty was associated with Surgical Medical Science and Day Shift primarily whereas Nursing care experience had a mediating role.

Development and Validation of the Safe Parenteral Medication Administration Self-Efficacy Scale.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument for determining the self-efficacy perceptions of nurses concerning safe medication practices. METHOD: The study was conducted at the hospital of a state university in Istanbul, Turkey, between August and December 2016. The sample consisted of 278 nurses. RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis indicated the scale had a single-factor structure that explained 47.92% of the total variance. The remaining 76 items had factor loads ranging from .50 to .87. The item-total correlations varied between .49 and .86, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was .98. CONCLUSION: The results of the analysis show the items constituting the scale have validity and reliability criteria that can measure the self-efficacy of nurses related to parenteral medication administration. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2021;52(6):267-273.].

Effect of Web-based diabetes training program on diabetes-related knowledge, attitudes, and skills of health professionals: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To determine the effect of a Web-Based Diabetes Training Program (WB-DTP) on the diabetes-related knowledge, attitudes, and skills of health professionals. METHODS: This was an experimental pretest-post-test with a 1 month follow-up study design that included a control group. The results of the power analysis suggested that 50 individuals with diabetes should be in both the intervention and the control groups. The WB-DTP was developed in accordance with the Effective Teaching Instruction Model.. Measures included the information form, Achievement Test (AT), Diabetes Attitudes Scale (DAS), and skill observation forms. The Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Friedman test were used to analyze group differences on these measures. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the AT post-test and the follow-up test scores of the intervention and control groups. No significant difference was present for the DAS post-test and follow-up scores between the intervention and control groups. A significant difference emerged on the Insulin Injection Skill Observation Form score between the intervention and control groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in the measurement level of blood glucose by the Glucometer Skill Observation Form between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, it was determined that the WB-DTP is effective in increasing the diabetes-related knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals. However, the program was not adequate at increasing the diabetes-related attitudes of health professionals.