Prognostic score for acute coronary syndrome in a private terciary hospital.

BACKGROUND: Available predictive models for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) have limitations as they have been elaborated some years ago or limitations with applicability. OBJECTIVES: To develop scores for predicting adverse events in 30 days and 6 months in ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation ACS patients admitted to private tertiary hospital. METHODS: Prospective cohort of ACS patients admitted between August, 2009 and June, 2012. Our primary composite outcome for both the 30-day and 6-month models was death from any cause, myocardial infarction or re-infarction, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cardiac arrest and major bleeding. Predicting variables were selected for clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic and therapeutic data. The final model was obtained with multiple logistic regression and submitted to internal validation with bootstrap analysis. RESULTS: We considered 760 patients for the development sample, of which 132 had ST-segment elevation ACS and 628 non-ST-segment elevation ACS. The mean age was 63.2 ± 11.7 years, and 583 were men (76.7%). The final model to predict 30-day events is comprised by five independent variables: age ≥ 70 years, history of cancer, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%, troponin I > 12.4 ng /ml and chemical thrombolysis. In the internal validation, the model showed good discrimination with C-statistic of 0.71. The predictors in the 6-month event final model are: history of cancer, LVEF < 40%, chemical thrombolysis, troponin I >14.3 ng/ml, serum creatinine>1.2 mg/dl, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hemoglobin < 13.5 g/dl. In the internal validation, the model had good performance with C-statistic of 0.69. CONCLUSION: We have developed easy to apply scores for predicting 30-day and 6-month adverse events in patients with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation ACS.

Sepsis in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery: problem description.

BACKGROUND: In spite of the advances in sepsis diagnosis and treatment in the last years, the morbidity and mortality are still high. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, in-hospital evolution and prognosis of patients that presented sepsis in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. METHODS: This is a prospective study that included patients (n = 7,332) submitted to cardiac surgery (valvular or coronary) between January 1995 and December 2007. The classic criteria of sepsis diagnosis were used to identify the patients that developed such condition and the preoperative comorbidities, in-hospital evolution and prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS: Sepsis occurred in 29 patients (prevalence = 0.39%). There was a predominance of the male when compared to the female sex (79% vs. 21%). Mean age was 69 +/- 6.5 years. The main preoperative comorbidities were: systemic arterial hypertension (79%), dyslipidemia (48%) and family history of coronary artery disease (38%). The mean Apache score was 18 +/- 7, whereas the Sofa score was 14.2 +/- 3.8. The primary infectious focus was pulmonary in 19 patients (55%). There were 19 positive cultures and the mean IV hydration during the first 24 hours was 1,016 +/- 803 ml. The main complications were acute renal failure (65%), low cardiac output syndrome (55%) and malignant ventricular arrhythmia (55%). Mortality was 79% (23 patients). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of sepsis after cardiac surgery was a rare event; however, its occurrence showed catastrophic clinical outcomes. The high morbidity and mortality showed the need to improve treatment, aiming at patients' better clinical evolution.

Escore Prognóstico para Síndrome Coronariana Aguda em Hospital Terciário Privado / Prognostic Score for Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Private Terciary Hospital

Fundamento: Os modelos prognósticos disponíveis para Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA) podem ter limitações de performance, por terem sido elaborados há vários anos, ou problemas de aplicabilidade. Objetivos: Elaborar escores para predição de eventos desfavoráveis em 30 dias e 6 meses, em pacientes com SCA, com ou sem Supradesnivelamento de ST (SST), atendida em hospital privado terciário. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva de pacientes consecutivos com SCA admitidos entre agosto/2009 a junho/2012. O desfecho primário composto foi a ocorrência de óbito, infarto ou reinfarto, Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), parada cardiorrespiratória e sangramento maior. As variáveis preditoras foram selecionadas de dados clínicos, laboratoriais, eletrocardiográficos e da terapêutica. O modelo final foi obtido por meio de regressão logística e submetido a validação interna, utilizando-se bootstraping. Resultados: Incluímos 760 pacientes, 132 com SCA com SST e 628 sem SST. A idade média foi 63,2 ± 11,7 anos, sendo 583 homens (76,7%). O modelo final para eventos em 30 dias contém cinco preditores: idade ≥ 70 anos, antecedente de neoplasia, Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE) < 40%, troponinaI > 12,4 ng/mL e trombólise. Na validação interna, o modelo mostrou ter boa performance com área sob a curva de 0,71.Os preditores do modelo para 6 meses são: antecedente de neoplasia, FEVE < 40%, trombólise, troponina I > 14,3 ng/mL, creatinina > 1,2 mg/dL, antecedente de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e hemoglobina < 13,5 g/dL. Na validação interna, o modelo apresentou boa performance com área sob a curva de 0,69. Conclusões: Desenvolvemos escores de fácil utilização e boa performance ...

Background: Available predictive models for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) have limitations as they have been elaborated some years ago or limitations with applicability. Objectives: To develop scores for predicting adverse events in 30 days and 6 months in ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation ACS patients admitted to private tertiary hospital. Methods: Prospective cohort of ACS patients admitted between August, 2009 and June, 2012. Our primary composite outcome for both the 30-day and 6-month models was death from any cause, myocardial infarction or re-infarction, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cardiac arrest and major bleeding. Predicting variables were selected for clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic and therapeutic data. The final model was obtained with multiple logistic regression and submitted to internal validation with bootstrap analysis. Results: We considered 760 patients for the development sample, of which 132 had ST-segment elevation ACS and 628 non-ST-segment elevation ACS. The mean age was 63.2 ± 11.7 years, and 583 were men (76.7%). The final model to predict 30-day events is comprised by five independent variables: age ≥ 70 years, history of cancer, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%, troponin I > 12.4 ng /ml and chemical thrombolysis. In the internal validation, the model showed good discrimination with C-statistic of 0.71. The predictors in the 6-month event final model are: history of cancer, LVEF < 40%, chemical thrombolysis, troponin I >14.3 ng/ml, serum creatinine>1.2 mg/dl, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hemoglobin < 13.5 g/dl. In the internal validation, the model had good performance with C-statistic of 0.69. Conclusion: We have developed easy to apply scores for predicting 30-day and 6-month adverse events in patients with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation ACS. .

Sarcoma primário da artéria pulmonar: relato de caso / Primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O sarcoma primário da artéria pulmonar é uma doença rara. O conhecimento dos aspectos clínicos e do seu diagnóstico tem impacto no prognóstico do paciente.O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e discutir aspectos clínicos e de exames complementares deste tumor. RELATO DO CASO: O paciente foi internado para ser submetido à embolectomia cirúrgica de artéria pulmonar. Entretanto,na sala de cirurgia notou-se presença de tumor que invadia a artéria pulmonar direita, estruturas do mediastino, veia cava superior e artéria aorta. Nesse momento não foi realizada a ressecção tumoral.Exames complementares revelaram sarcoma primário da artéria pulmonar. O paciente foi tratado com quimioterápicos,com planejamento de cirurgia após o seu término. CONCLUSÃO: Houve boa resposta a terapêutica e melhora clinica.Infelizmente, após a quimioterapia, o paciente não aceitou cirurgia para ressecção do tumor.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The primary pulmonary artery sarcoma is a rare tumor. The knowledge of the characteristics of this kind of tumor has impact on patients' survival. We aimed tod escribe and discuss a couple of characteristics of this cancer. CASE REPORT: The patient came in hospital to be submitted to embolectomy from pulmonary artery surgery. At operating room the tumor was discovered invading the right pulmonary artery,mediastinal structures, the superior vena cava and the aorta.It was therefore decided not to perform a tumor resection. We have decided to treat the patient with chemotherapy. It was our idea to perform surgery after the chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The patient experienced good tolerance to the therapy and indicated clinical improvement. Unfortunately, at this time he does not accept surgery.

Prevalence and risk factors for combined coronary artery disease and aortic aneurysm.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate CAD prevalence in patients with aortic aneurysm, as well as differences related to aneurysm topographies. To describe the primary risk factors for CAD related to this association and their occasional differences according to AA topographies. METHODS: This was an open, prospective, nonrandomized study that evaluated 95 patients (66 men and 33 women, mean age 63 +/- 11.8). All patients, asymptomatic for CAD, had undergone aortic CT and coronary angiography. According to the AA topography, they were classified into three groups: 1) patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA); 2) thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA); and 3) abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). A database was created to store information from clinical data and complementary examinations. Statistical analysis was performed using the Students t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: CAD prevalence was 63.1%, and AAA was more prevalent than TAA and TAAA (76% vs. 70% vs. 30%, p = 0.001). The comparative analysis of CAD risk factors based on the aortic aneurysm topography revealed that smoking and dyslipidemia were more prevalent among AAA patients (74.5% vs. 42.3% vs. 60%, p = 0.01 and (54.2% vs. 19.9% vs. 60%, p = 0.007, respectively). As for coronary lesion severity in the population of AA patients, 12 (20%) had at least one lesion > or = 70% and 19 (31.6%), > or = 50%. Fifteen patients (25%) had single-vessel disease, 11 (18%) had two-vessel disease, and 34 (57%) had three-vessel disease. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic CAD is highly prevalent in AA patients, particularly among those with AAA. Study results suggest the need for diagnostic stratification for CAD in patients with AA, especially those with AAA.

Treatment of massive pulmonary embolism by percutaneous fragmentation of the thrombus.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous thrombus fragmentation (PTF) for massive pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with contraindications to the administration of thrombolytics. METHODS: Between July 1999 and August 2005, 10 patients (7 males, 3 females, age 57+/-18 years) with massive PE and contraindications to the administration of thrombolytics underwent PTF. A transthoracic doppler echocardiogram was used to evaluate arterial oxygen saturation (Sat O2), the Walsh index (WI), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), mean systemic blood pressure (SBP) and right ventricular function (RVF) before and after the procedure. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired Wilcoxon test, of which p was significant when < 0.05. RESULTS: After the PTF treatment there was an improvement in Sat. O2 [87.4 +/- 1.3% vs 92.3 +/- 3.1% (p < 0.001)], WI [6.4 +/- 1.07 vs 4.4 +/- 1.42 (p = 0.003)], PAP [31.8 +/- 4.6 mmHg vs 25.5 +/- 3.4 mmHg (p < 0.001)] and SBP [73.9 +/- 8.7 vs 85 +/- 8.3 (p = 0.001). The ten patients had severe RVF before the percutaneous treatment; however, within 10 days after PTF, 8 presented normal or discrete function and 1 presented mitigated function. There were no technical or vascular access site complications related to PTF. One patient died in the hospital (10%). The procedure was successful for the other nine patients. CONCLUSION: The lack of adverse complications related to the procedure, proves that PTF is safe. The improvement in Sat O2, WI, PAP, SBP and RVF in 90% of the cases demonstrates the efficacy of the procedure, indicating that it is an alternative treatment for massive PE in patients with contraindications for the administration of systemic thrombolytics.

Postoperative atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft: clinical factors associated with in-hospital death.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with a higher likelihood of in-hospital death in patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) who developed atrial fibrillation (AF) postoperatively. METHODS: The authors analyzed data from 397 consecutive patients submitted to CABG that developed AF postoperatively between 2000 and 2003. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (G1) comprised patients who survived (n=369); and group 2 (G2) comprised patients who died during hospital stay (n=28). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test and chi-square test, and p values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: A comparative analysis between G1 and G2 showed that there was no difference between the groups as regards age (67.3 +/- 8.4 versus 69.3 +/- 9.6; p = 0.4), male gender (75.9% versus 64.3%; p = 0.1), systemic arterial hypertension (75.3% versus 85.7%; p = 0.2) and congestive heart failure (17% versus 17%; p = 1). Group 2 presented higher rates for previous acute myocardial infarction (14.6% versus 28.6%; p = 0.05), left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% (12.2% versus 32.1%; p = 0.003), previous cerebrovascular accident (0.8% versus 17.9%; p = 0.03), previous percutaneous coronary intervention (19.5% versus 39.3%; p = 0.01) and previous CABG (19.3% versus 35.7%; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Clinical history of acute myocardial infarction, CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention, cerebrovascular accident and severe ventricular dysfunction were significantly more frequent in the group that died during hospital stay, which suggests a possible association of these factors with a higher likelihood of death following CABG.

Sepse no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: descrição do problema / Sepsis in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery: problem description

FUNDAMENTOS: A despeito do avanço no diagnóstico e na terapêutica da sepse nos últimos anos, a morbidade e mortalidade são elevadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência, a evolução hospitalar e o prognóstico de pacientes que apresentaram sepse no pós- operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um registro prospectivo que incluiu pacientes (n = 7.332) submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca (valvar ou coronariana) entre janeiro de 1995 e dezembro de 2007. Utilizamos os critérios clássicos de diagnóstico de sepse para identificar os pacientes que evoluíram com tal enfermidade e avaliamos as comorbidades pré-operatórias, a evolução hospitalar e o prognóstico. RESULTADOS: A sepse ocorreu em 29 pacientes (prevalência = 0,39 por cento). O sexo masculino predominou sobre o feminino (79 por cento vs. 21 por cento). A idade média foi de 69 ± 6,5 anos. As principais comorbidades pré-operatórias eram: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (79 por cento), dislipidemia (48 por cento) e antecedente familiar de doença arterial coronariana (38 por cento). O índice Apache médio foi de 18 ± 7, enquanto o Sofa indicou 14,2 ± 3,8. O foco infeccioso primário foi pulmonar em 19 pacientes (55 por cento). Houve 19 culturas positivas, e a média de hidratação endovenosa nas primeiras 24 horas foi de 1.016 ± 803 ml. As principais complicações foram: insuficiência renal aguda (65 por cento), síndrome de baixo débito cardíaco (55 por cento) e arritmia ventricular maligna (55 por cento). A mortalidade foi de 79 por cento (23 pacientes). CONCLUSÃO: A sepse após cirurgia cardíaca foi um evento raro, porém com desfechos clínicos catastróficos. O índice elevado de morbidade e mortalidade revelou a necessidade de um aprimoramento no tratamento, visando melhorar a evolução clínica dos pacientes.

BACKGROUND: In spite of the advances in sepsis diagnosis and treatment in the last years, the morbidity and mortality are still high. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, in-hospital evolution and prognosis of patients that presented sepsis in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. METHODS: This is a prospective study that included patients (n = 7,332) submitted to cardiac surgery (valvular or coronary) between January 1995 and December 2007. The classic criteria of sepsis diagnosis were used to identify the patients that developed such condition and the preoperative comorbidities, in-hospital evolution and prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS: Sepsis occurred in 29 patients (prevalence = 0.39 percent). There was a predominance of the male when compared to the female sex (79 percent vs. 21 percent). Mean age was 69 ± 6.5 years. The main preoperative comorbidities were: systemic arterial hypertension (79 percent), dyslipidemia (48 percent) and family history of coronary artery disease (38 percent). The mean Apache score was 18 ± 7, whereas the Sofa score was 14.2 ± 3.8. The primary infectious focus was pulmonary in 19 patients (55 percent). There were 19 positive cultures and the mean IV hydration during the first 24 hours was 1,016 ± 803 ml. The main complications were acute renal failure (65 percent), low cardiac output syndrome (55 percent) and malignant ventricular arrhythmia (55 percent). Mortality was 79 percent (23 patients). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of sepsis after cardiac surgery was a rare event; however, its occurrence showed catastrophic clinical outcomes. The high morbidity and mortality showed the need to improve treatment, aiming at patients' better clinical evolution.

Angioplastia coronária em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio e púrpura trombocitopênica idiopática / Coronary angioplasty in a patient with myocardial infarction and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A púrpura trombocitopênica idiopática (PTI) é um distúrbio autoimune, caracterizado clinicamente por plaquetopenia e sangramentos mucocutâneos. Trata-se de doença rara na população geral e a ocorrência de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) em pacientes com PTI é ainda menos frequente. Neste artigo os autores descrevem um caso com PTI no qual foi praticada angioplastia coronária tranbsluminal na fase evolutiva do IAM.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of thrombocytopenia and mucocutaneous bleeding. It is a rare condition and the occurrence of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with ITP is even less common. In the present manuscript the authors report a patient with ITP who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the follow-up phase of an AMI.

Prevalência e fatores de risco na associação entre doença arterial coronariana e aneurisma de aorta / Prevalence and risk factors for combined coronary artery disease and aortic aneurysm

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) em portadores de aneurisma de aorta (AA), bem como as diferenças relacionadas às diferentes topografias. Descrever os principais fatores de risco para DAC relacionados a esta associação e suas eventuais diferenças de acordo com as diferentes topografias. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, aberto, não randomizado que avaliou 95 pacientes (62 homens, 33 mulheres, idade 63 ± 11,8 anos) com AA. Todos os pacientes, assintomáticos para DAC, possuíam tomografia computadorizada de aorta e angiografia coronariana. De acordo com a topografia do AA, eles foram divididos em três grupos: 1) pacientes com AA torácica (AAT); 2) com AA toracoabdominal (ATA) e 3) com AA abdominal (AAA). Foi criado um banco de dados com as informações clínicas e de exames complementares. A análise estatística realizada com o teste t de Student ou análise de variância (ANOVA) para as variáveis contínuas e qui-quadrado para as categóricas, sendo considerado p significante quando < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de DAC foi de 63,1 por cento, e o AAA apresentou maior prevalência quando comparado ao AAT e ATA (76 por cento vs. 70 por cento vs. 30 por cento, p = 0,001). A análise comparativa dos fatores de risco para DAC de acordo com a topografia do AA revelou que os pacientes com AAA eram mais tabagistas (74,5 por cento vs. 42,3 por cento vs. 60 por cento, p = 0,01) e dislipêmicos (54,2 por cento vs 19,9 por cento vs 60 por cento, p = 0,007). Quanto à gravidade das lesões coronarianas na população de pacientes com AA, 12 (20 por cento) possuíam pelo menos uma lesão coronariana > 70 por cento e 19 (31,6 por cento) > 50 por cento. Quinze pacientes (25 por cento) eram uniarteriais, 11 (18 por cento) biarteriais e 34 (57 por cento) triarteriais. CONCLUSÃO: Em portadores de AA a prevalência de DAC assintomática é elevada, principalmente naqueles com AAA. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem a necessidade de uma estratificação...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate CAD prevalence in patients with aortic aneurysm, as well as differences related to aneurysm topographies. To describe the primary risk factors for CAD related to this association and their occasional differences according to AA topographies. METHODS: This was an open, prospective, nonrandomized study that evaluated 95 patients (66 men and 33 women, mean age 63 ± 11.8). All patients, asymptomatic for CAD, had undergone aortic CT and coronary angiography. According to the AA topography, they were classified into three groups: 1) patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA); 2) thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA); and 3) abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). A database was created to store information from clinical data and complementary examinations. Statistical analysis was performed using the StudentÆs t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: CAD prevalence was 63.1 percent, and AAA was more prevalent than TAA and TAAA (76 percent vs. 70 percent vs. 30 percent, p = 0.001). The comparative analysis of CAD risk factors based on the aortic aneurysm topography revealed that smoking and dyslipidemia were more prevalent among AAA patients (74.5 percent vs. 42.3 percent vs. 60 percent, p = 0.01 and (54.2 percent vs. 19.9 percent vs. 60 percent, p = 0.007, respectively). As for coronary lesion severity in the population of AA patients, 12 (20 percent) had at least one lesion > 70 percent and 19 (31.6 percent), > 50 percent. Fifteen patients (25 percent) had single-vessel disease, 11 (18 percent) had two-vessel disease, and 34 (57 percent) had three-vessel disease. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic CAD is highly prevalent in AA patients, particularly among those with AAA. Study results suggest the need for diagnostic stratification for CAD in patients with AA, especially those with AAA.

Tratamento do tromboembolismo pulmonar maciço por fragmentação percutânea do trombo / Treatment of massive pulmonary embolism by percutaneous fragmentation of the thrombus

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a segurança e a eficácia da fragmentação percutânea do trombo (FPT) no tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) maciço em pacientes com contra-indicação à administração de trombolíticos. MÉTODOS: Entre julho de 1999 e agosto de 2005, 10 pacientes (7 homens, 3 mulheres, idade média de 57±18 anos) com TEP maciço e contra-indicação à administração de trombolíticos foram submetidos a FPT. A saturação arterial de oxigênio (Sat.O2), índice de Walsh (IW), pressão arterial pulmonar média (PAP), pressão arterial sistêmica média (PAS) e função ventricular direita (FVD) ao ecocardiograma Doppler transtorácico foram avaliados pré e pós-procedimento. Foi realizada análise estatística por meio do teste de Wilcoxon pareado, sendo p significativo quando < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Após o tratamento por FPT houve melhora da Sat. O2 [87,4±1,3 por cento vs 92,3±3,1 por cento (p<0,001)], do IW [6,4±1,07 vs 4,4±1,42 (p=0,003), PAP [31,8±4,6 mmHg vs 25,5±3,4 mmHg (p<0,001)] e PAS [73,9±8,7 vs 85±8,3 (p=0,001). A FVD pré-procedimento percutâneo era grave nos 10 pacientes, porém até o 10° dia após a FPT passou a ser normal ou discreta em 8 e moderada em 1. Não houve complicações técnicas ou do sítio vascular de acesso relacionadas a FPT. Houve 1 óbito hospitalar (10 por cento). O paciente em questão foi o único em quem não se obteve sucesso com o procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: A FPT mostrou-se segura pela ausência de complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. A melhora na Sat.O2, no IW, na PAP, na PAS e na FVD em 90 por cento dos casos, revelaram a eficácia do procedimento, sugerindo ser esse uma alternativa no tratamento do TEP maciço em pacientes com contra-indicação à trombolíticos sistêmicos.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous thrombus fragmentation (PTF) for massive pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with contraindications to the administration of thrombolytics. METHODS: Between July 1999 and August 2005, 10 patients (7 males, 3 females, age 57±18 years) with massive PE and contraindications to the administration of thrombolytics underwent PTF. A transthoracic doppler echocardiogram was used to evaluate arterial oxygen saturation (Sat O2), the Walsh index (WI), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), mean systemic blood pressure (SBP) and right ventricular function (RVF) before and after the procedure. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired Wilcoxon test, of which p was significant when < 0.05. RESULTS: After the PTF treatment there was an improvement in Sat. O2 [87.4 ± 1.3 percent vs 92.3 ± 3.1 percent (p < 0.001)], WI [6.4 ± 1.07 vs 4.4 ± 1.42 (p = 0.003)], PAP [31.8 ± 4.6 mmHg vs 25.5 ± 3.4 mmHg (p < 0.001)] and SBP [73.9 ± 8.7 vs 85 ± 8.3 (p = 0.001). The ten patients had severe RVF before the percutaneous treatment; however, within 10 days after PTF, 8 presented normal or discrete function and 1 presented mitigated function. There were no technical or vascular access site complications related to PTF. One patient died in the hospital (10 percent). The procedure was successful for the other nine patients. CONCLUSION: The lack of adverse complications related to the procedure, proves that PTF is safe. The improvement in Sat O2, WI, PAP, SBP and RVF in 90 percent of the cases demonstrates the efficacy of the procedure, indicating that it is an alternative treatment for massive PE in patients with contraindications for the administration of systemic thrombolytics.

Fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio: características do perfil clínico associadas a óbitos hospitalares / Postoperative atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft: clinical factors associated with in-hospital death

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores associados à maior chance de óbitos hospitalares em pacientes submetidos a revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio (RM), que tenham apresentado fibrilação atrial (FA) no pós-operatório. MÉTODOS: No período de 2000 a 2003, foi analisada uma série consecutiva de 397 pacientes submetidos a RM que desenvolveram FA no pós-operatório. Esses pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (G), sendo o G1 formado pelos pacientes que sobreviveram (n=369) e o G2, por aqueles que faleceram na fase hospitalar (n=28). Foram realizados os testes t de Student e do qui-quadrado, sendo p significativo quando < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa entre o G1 e o G2 demonstrou não haver diferença entre os grupos quanto a idade (67,3 ± 8,4 anos vs 69,3 ± 9,6 anos; p = 0,4), sexo masculino (75,9 por cento vs 64,3 por cento; p = 0,1), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (75,3 por cento vs 85,7 por cento; p = 0,2) e insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (17 por cento vs 17 por cento; p = 1). O G2 apresentou maiores taxas de infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio (14,6 por cento vs 28,6 por cento; p = 0,05), fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo < 40 por cento (12,2 por cento vs 32,1 por cento; p = 0,003), acidente vascular encefálico prévio (0,8 por cento vs 17,9 por cento; p = 0,03), intervenção coronariana percutânea prévia (19,5 por cento vs 39,3 por cento; p = 0,01), e revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio prévia (19,3 por cento vs 35,7 por cento; p = 0,03). CONCLUSÃO: Antecedentes de infarto agudo do miocárdio, RM, intervenção coronariana percutânea, acidente vascular encefálico e déficit ventricular grave foram mais freqüentes no grupo que faleceu na fase hospitalar, sugerindo possível associação entre esses fatores e maior chance de óbito no pós-operatório de RM.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with a higher likelihood of in-hospital death in patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) who developed atrial fibrillation (AF) postoperatively. METHODS: The authors analyzed data from 397 consecutive patients submitted to CABG that developed AF postoperatively between 2000 and 2003. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (G1) comprised patients who survived (n=369); and group 2 (G2) comprised patients who died during hospital stay (n=28). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test and chi-square test, and p values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: A comparative analysis between G1 and G2 showed that there was no difference between the groups as regards age (67.3 ± 8.4 versus 69.3 ± 9.6; p = 0.4), male gender (75.9 percent versus 64.3 percent; p = 0.1), systemic arterial hypertension (75.3 percent versus 85.7 percent; p = 0.2) and congestive heart failure (17 percent versus 17 percent; p = 1). Group 2 presented higher rates for previous acute myocardial infarction (14.6 percent versus 28.6 percent; p = 0.05), left ventricular ejection fraction < 40 percent (12.2 percent versus 32.1 percent; p = 0.003), previous cerebrovascular accident (0.8 percent versus 17.9 percent; p = 0.03), previous percutaneous coronary intervention (19.5 percent versus 39.3 percent; p = 0.01) and previous CABG (19.3 percent versus 35.7 percent; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Clinical history of acute myocardial infarction, CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention, cerebrovascular accident and severe ventricular dysfunction were significantly more frequent in the group that died during hospital stay, which suggests a possible association of these factors with a higher likelihood of death following CABG.

Evolução clínica tardia dos stents farmacológicos: segurança e eficácia até cinco anos do registro DESIRE / Long-term clinical outcomes of drug eluting stents: safety and efficacy up to five years of the DESIRE registry

Fundamentos: A expansão das indicações para o uso dos stents farmacológicos liberadores de sirolimus e de paclitaxel lesões de complexidade crescente e populações com perfil clínico muito diferente daquele dos estudos randomizados fundamentais. O registro DESIRE foi idealizado para monitorar a efetividade e a segurança institucional dos stents farmacológicos disponíveis pra uso clínico desde 2002, em nosso meio. Método e Resultados: Entre maio/2002 e março/2007, foram incluídos 2.043 pacientes (P) tratados com maior ou menor Cypher ou Taxus, no Hospital do Coração da Associação do Sanatório Sírio, em São Paulo - SP. A média das idades foi de 63,8 mais ou menos 11,3 anos, 76,6 por cento eram do sexo masculino e 28,49 por cento eram diabéticos. Um total de 2.415 lesõs foram tratadas, sendo implantados 2.983 stents: 2.608 Cypher e 375 Taxus. as tromboses agudas/subagudas (menor ou igual 30 dias),...

Background: Indications for the implantation of sirolimusand paclitaxel-eluting stents are expanding and include complex lesions and subsets of patients with clinical and demographic characteristics very different from those of early pivotal randomized trials. The DESIRE Registry was planned to monitor the safety of both Cypher® and Taxus® stent available in Brazil since 2002. Methods and Results: From May 2002 through March 2007, 2043 patients treated with one or more than one stent (either Cypher® or Taxus®) at Hospital do Coração da Associação do Sanatório Sírio were included in this Registry. Mean age was 63.8 (11.3) years; 76.6% were male and 28.4% had diabetes. A total of 2,415 lesions were treated and 2,983 stents were implanted: 2,608 Cypher® and 375 Taxus®. Acute and subacute (≤30 days); late thrombosis (31 days - 360 days) and very late thrombosis (>360 days) occurred in 0.34%, 0.73% and 0.34% of the patients, adding up to a 1.42% overall rate. Likewise, the major adverse cardiac event rate was low and added up to 8.6% (154 patients), including: 45 (2.51%) cardiac deaths; 50 (2.8%) myocardial infarctions and 59 (3.3%) of additional revascularizations...