DNA damage and genetic aberration induced via different sized silver nanoparticles: Therapeutic approaches of Casimiroa edulis and Glycosmis pentaphylla leaves extracts.

Potential of Casimiroa edulis and Glycosmis pentaphylla leaves extracts were investigated against the effect of two different particle sizes of silver nanoparticles induced toxicity in mice. Mice received silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (100 mg/kg) with 20 and 100 nm for four weeks followed by daily oral dose of extracts (500 mg/kg) for three weeks. C. edulis leaves identified fourteen phenolic compounds while, G. pentaphylla leaves identified, twelve phenolic compounds. Additionally, biochemical, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and histopathological investigations were carried out, revealed that liver function activities, lipid profile, hydrogen peroxide, and C-reactive protein were significantly elevate post AgNPs exposure. While, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferases, and glutathione peroxidase significantly reduce. A marked amelioration in all detected biomarkers, improved histopathological changes and repair DNA damage after treated with C. edulis and G. pentaphylla leaves extracts. These extracts are used for the first time as promising candidate therapeutic agents against toxicity induced by AgNPs. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The potential applications of AgNPs make it necessary to investigate the possible toxicity associated with release of free silver ions in the biological system. AgNPs of varying particle sizes had toxic effects as evidenced by alterations in some cellular biochemical parameters, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and histopathological indices on mice. Casimiroa edulis and Glycosmis pentaphylla leaves extracts are used for the first time as promising candidate therapeutic, where they are able to ameliorate the toxicity induced via AgNPs and record vacillate percentage of improvement in the selected biomarkers, as a result of the bioactive secondary metabolites especially flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds.

Antischistosomal Activity of Two Active Constituents Isolated from the Leaves of Egyptian Medicinal Plants.

In this paper, we investigate the role of two active constituents isolated from the leaves of Egyptian medicinal plants. D-mannitol a naturally occurring sugar isolated from the leaves Ixora undulata Roxb., and the pectin a linear chain homogalacturonan (HG) polysaccharide isolated from the leaves of Linum grandiflorum Desf. (scarlet flax). Both are evaluated for their therapeutic effect against schistosomiasis with biochemical and histochemical evaluations and compared with praziquantel, a reference drug. Biochemical studies of hepatic glucose, the glycogen content, and total serum protein were carried out, and histochemical evaluations through serum protein fractions separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with different molecular weights (260-10 kDa) were made in all groups, in addition to liver and body weight. D-mannitol and pectin show a remarkable effect in enhancing liver and kidney functions through enhancing most protein fractions in the serum of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Also, the glucose and glycogen content in injured liver tissues improved, in addition liver and body weight in the infected groups. Thus they may be of therapeutic potential in the treatment hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity.