Investigation of SRP9 protein expression in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Signal recognition particle (SRP) promotes co-translational translocation of the proteins through or into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and it also has elongation arrest function. SRP9 is one of the six protein subunits of SRP and functions in elongation arrest activity by forming a heterodimeric structure with SRP14. It is one of the substrates of ADAR, which has been found to have a role in breast cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the SRP9 protein expression in normal and tumor tissues of patients with breast cancer and determine its prognostic significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 32 female patients who were diagnosed as having primary breast cancer and underwent surgery were included in the study. Western Blotting was performed to detect SRP9 protein expression levels in normal and tumor tissue samples. Clinical and pathologic characteristics were analyzed to assess the prognostic significance. SRP9 protein expression was statistically higher in the breast cancer tissue samples compared to normal matched tissue, and the mean SRP9 protein expression levels of breast cancer tissue normal tissue samples were 1.019 ± 1.011 and 0.551 ± 0.456, respectively (p = 0.001). SRP9 protein expression levels in tumor tissue of patients with lymph node metastasis, tumor size > 2 cm, estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-positive, and HER-2 negative were statistically higher than in normal tissue (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is vital to clarify the roles of molecules such as SRP9 in understanding the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In our study, we showed that SRP9 expression increased in breast cancer and was associated with disease-related parameters.

[Comparison of the Multiplex Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method Directly from Whole Blood and from Blood Culture Bottle with the Conventional Method for the Etiological Diagnosis in Patients with Pre-Diagnosis of Sepsis]. / Sepsis Ön Tanili Hastalarda Tam Kandan ve Kan Kültür Sisesinden Multipleks Gerçek Zamanli Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu ile Hizli Etken Tayininin Konvansiyonel Yöntemlerle Karsilastirilmasi.

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the use of multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (RtPCR) method, directly from whole blood and blood culture bottles of intensive care unit patients with a pre-diagnosis of sepsis for the determination of the causative agent by comparing it with the conventional method. The study was carried out prospectively between November 2019 and August 2020. Ninety patients hospitalized with a pre-diagnosis of sepsis were included in the study. Samples were collected simultaneously with aseptic technique as whole blood and at least two sets of blood cultures. Blood culture bottles were monitored by the BACT/ALERT 3D (bioMerieux, France) instrument. Blood culture bottles were studied both by Sepsis Pathogens Panel Kit v1 (Anatolia, Turkey) using the multiplex Rt-PCR and with the conventional culture methods. The duration of detection and reporting of the multiplex Rt-PCR methods were compared with the conventional method. In this study, a total of 90 whole blood samples and 280 blood culture bottles were collected from the patients. It was found that 73 (81%) patients had already been administered antibiotic treatment at the time of blood sampling. Conventional blood culture was accepted as the gold standard in the diagnosis of sepsis. Rt-PCR performed from blood culture bottles was found to have a sensitivity of 89.58%; specificity of 57.14%; positive predictive value of 70.49%; negative predictive value of 82.76% and accuracy of 74.44% (p= 0.019). On the basis of the bacterial species, the sensitivity of the Rt-PCR method was determined to be between 66.7-100% and the specificity was between 86.6-100%. The Rt-PCR performed from whole blood, was found to have a sensitivity of 11.67% and a specificity of 96.67%; positive predictive value of 87.50%; negative predictive value of 35.37% and accuracy of 40% (p= 1.684). In this study, the duration of reporting of blood culture results was in average 116:50 hours, that of PCR from blood culture bottles was 80:57 hours, and that of PCR from whole blood samples was 15:38 hours (p<0.001). It was determined that the PCR from whole blood shortened the reporting time by an average of 101:12 hours (approximately four days), and that the PCR from blood culture bottles shortened the reporting time by an average of 35:53 hours (1.5 days) compared to the conventional method. In this study, the results determined by the Sepsis Pathogens Panel Kit v1 (Anatolia, Turkey) performed from blood culture bottles were superior compared to the conventional method. It has been determined that improvement is required for the usage of the sepsis kit directly from whole blood. On the other hand, considering the species detected by the blood culture method and not by the assay, the species range detected by the multiplex assay panel needs to be improved.

[Evaluation of EUCAST Direct Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Method in Blood Culture Bottles with Positive Signal]. / Pozitif Sinyal Veren Kan Kültürü Siselerinde EUCAST Dogrudan Hizli Antimikrobiyal Duyarlilik Testi Yönteminin Degerlendirilmesi.

Early reporting of the antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) results is essential for the survival of sepsis patients. In 2019, European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) published a proposal to detect antimicrobial susceptibility from positive blood culture bottles with a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test (RAST) method in a maximum of eight hours. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the EUCAST RAST method in blood culture bottles that resulted with positive signal in BacT/ALERT (bioMérieux, France) blood culture system and that showed gram-negative bacteria with single morphology with Gram stain. The study was conducted prospectively between April 2019 and November 2019. Ninety blood culture bottles that we detected single gram negative bacteria morphology by Gram stain were tested according to the EUCAST RAST method, The isolates obtained from the blood culture bottles were studied with the EUCAST disk diffusion method and the Vitek 2 Compact (bioMerieux, France) automated system. The results obtained with RAST were compared with the results of these methods. The turn around time of the RAST method was recorded. Categorical agreement of the RAST method with conventional methods and the very major error rates were determined. Of the 14 isolates not yet covered by the EUCAST HADT method, 12 were determined to be other Enterobacterales members and two as other non-fermentatives. Two isolates were detected with the same morphological characteristics in Gram stain of the blood culture bottle and the same antibiotic susceptibility profile, but with different identification results. These sixteen isolates were excluded from the study. In this study the susceptibility of 74 isolates were determined according to the EUCAST breakpoint tables, of which 31 were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 35 were Escherichia coli, four were Acinetobacter baumannii and four were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. According to the evaluation periods of EUCAST RAST; the susceptibility profile was reported for nine (12%) of E.coli at four hours, eight (11%) at six hours, 18 (24%) at eight hours; three (4%) of K.pneumoniae at four hours, 16 (21%) at six hours, 12 (16%) at eight hours; three of P.aeruginosa (4%) at six hours, one (1%) at eight hours; two of A.baumannii (2%) at six hours and two (2%) at eight hours. The categorical aggrement of the RAST method was 91.8% with the automated system and 96.8% with the disc diffusion method. Very major errors of RAST method compared to the automated system were detected for piperacillin-tazobactam (17.7%), ceftazidime (11.6%) and meropenem (5.6%); and when compared to the disc diffusion method, for cefotaxime (5.7%) and meropenem (6.7%). Our results have shown that EUCAST RAST method can practicaly be performed in routine laboratories to report early results with a low cost. Because of the very major errors it is necessary to confirm the results with the standard methods.