Wine aromatic compound production and fermentative behaviour within different non-Saccharomyces species and clones.

AIMS: Twenty-five enological yeasts belonging to nine different species (Candida zeylanoides, Cryptococcus uzbekistanensis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Williopsis pratensis, Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were screened for aroma formation and fermentative behaviour as part of a non-Saccharomyces yeast selection programme. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pure cultures were inoculated in pasteurized grape juice in order to perform alcoholic fermentations. Some non-Saccharomyces species did not ferment, others did not get established and none of them completed alcoholic fermentations. The physico-chemical parameters of the wines and the abundance of aromatic compounds at the end of alcoholic fermentation highlighted the notable differences in the aroma-forming ability and fermentative behaviour of the different non-Saccharomyces species, but not within clones. CONCLUSIONS: Lower diversity was detected within non-Saccharomyces species than that reported in S. cerevisiae with regard to enological behaviour and aromatic profiles. Metschnikowia pulcherrima and L. thermotolerans are the two species with higher possibilities to become an inoculum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Few significant differences were found within clones of the same species, but very important parameters in wine quality, such as volatile acidity, ethyl acetate and acetoin, which would justify selection programmes within those species. The results also demonstrated that T. delbrueckii and L. thermotolerans are two close species in their aromatic profiles.

Acanthocotyle gurgesiella n. sp. (Monogenea: Acanthocotylidae) from the deep-sea skate Gurgesiella furvescens (Rajidae) in the south-eastern Pacific.

Little is known about the diversity of parasites of the deep-sea fish of the world's oceans. Here, a new species of monogenean parasite of the deep-sea skate Gurgesiella furvescens is described. Specimens of parasites were obtained from the skin of two specimens of the dusky finless skate, G. furvescens (Rajidae), in the vicinity of Valparaiso (33°S, 72°W), central Chile, from midwater trawl fishing at depths of 350-450 m. Both morphological and molecular analyses were conducted to provide a full description of the new species, named Acanthocotyle gurgesiella. For the molecular analyses, nuclear large subunit (LSU) rDNA and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) were used. From the morphological analysis and a comparison with the known species of the genus, A. gurgesiella can be identified by a combination of morphological characteristics, including the number of testes, number of radial rows of sclerites in the pseudohaptor, aperture of the genital pore and shape of the vitelline follicles. The results from the DNA analysis indicated that A. gurgesiella has a genetic divergence of 3.2-3.7% (LSU rDNA gene) from A. urolophi, the only congener species for which molecular data are available.

On the infrared activation of the breathing mode of methane in ice.

The symmetric stretching vibration (breathing mode) of methane is forbidden in the infrared spectra of gases. However, it has been observed in the spectra of low-pressure ice mixtures of methane and water, studied as models for astronomical ices. We investigate the possible origin of the activation of this mode by means of solid state calculations of amorphous water (ASW) samples into which methane molecules are introduced. Activation is predicted either by the interaction of the CH4 and H2O molecules in pore walls or via a strong mode coupling that takes place between the breathing mode of CH4 and the O-H stretching mode of H2O when both vibrations coincide in frequency. These two mechanisms would be favored for low-density or high density ASW, respectively. A possible experimental observation of this activation in compact ASW is discussed.

The structure and spectroscopy of cyanate and bicarbonate ions. Astrophysical implications.

Cyanate and bicarbonate are two ions that play active roles in many fields of physics and chemistry, including biological sciences and astrochemistry. We present here a comprehensive study of these species covering a range of phases and methodologies. We have performed theoretical calculations on the isolated ions and their hydrates with one to four water molecules, and in clusters with 15 water molecules. The predicted infrared spectra are compared with observed spectra from experiments where liquid droplets of their solutions are frozen at 14 K on a substrate, to mimic some astrophysical conditions. Crystals of cyanate and bicarbonate sodium and potassium salts are also studied experimental and theoretically. As well, the spontaneous decomposition of cyanate into bicarbonate is documented from the spectra of an aged solution. Finally, the possible astrophysical observation of bicarbonate in water-containing particles is discussed.

Complications of uveitis in a Spanish population, UveCAM study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the population frequency of uveitis complications and to evaluate their main risk factors in the patients with uveitis from the UVECAM study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Development of complications in 386 patients with uveitis in the whole health area of the province of Toledo (UVECAM study) during a period of 1 year. Description of complications and study of their possible determinants by means of multivariate regression models. RESULTS: Information on the development of complications was available in 371 of the 386 patients of the UVECAM study. The most frequent complications were posterior synechiae (19.0%), ocular hypertension (14.0%), macular edema (7.5%), epirretinal membrane (6.9%), glaucoma (6.6%), iridian atrophy (5.6%) and cataract (5.5%). The risk of complications increases with age, intermediate and panuveitis locations, and those of chronic or recurrent evolution. CONCLUSION: Uveitis is associated with a high frequency of complications, especially in older patients, with intermediate or posterior localization of the inflammatory process and chronic or recurrent evolution.

Formate ion: structure and spectroscopic properties.

The formate anion HCOO(-) is present in a multitude of systems of relevance, and it is characterized by its plasticity, adopting several different structures. This work provides a theoretical study of the ion focused on two of these structures, a crystal and an isolated species. Crystals of sodium formate and ammonium formate are studied using CASTEP, a solid-oriented computing package. Individual molecules of the same systems and of the formate and ammonium ions are also studied, using the Gaussian code at the MP2/aug-cc-pvTZ level. All theoretical calculations are contrasted by comparison to observed infrared spectra, recorded by using different techniques. In addition, a topological analysis of the bonding properties of the isolated molecules is presented.

Epidemiology of Uveitis in a Spanish Region: Prevalence and Etiology.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of uveitis and to describe its etiologic and anatomical patterns based on a population study carried out in a Spanish region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive, population-based multicenter study was conducted. The selection criteria consisted of having a diagnosis of uveitis. All data were collected from existing information in medical records.Clinical information was collected in all cases that had a diagnosis of uveitis, regardless of its etiology, in participating centers from the date of the study to the end of the following year. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, which included assessment of their visual acuity, biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: During the study, 389 cases of uveitis were registered. The prevalence was 58.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 53.0-64.9). The mean age was 47.0 ± 20.6 years and 57.8% were women. The most prevalent anatomical pattern was anterior uveitis (54.2; 95% CI 48.1-60.8). For adults, the idiopathic group constituted the highest prevalence (31.7; 95% CI: 27.1-36.9), while autoimmune etiology was most frequent for children (10.6; 95% CI: 5.8-17.7). CONCLUSION: The results of this population-based study offer a representative estimate of the magnitude of uveitis in this area of Spain.

Clusters of atmospheric relevance: H(2)O/HCl/HNO(3). Prediction of IR & MW spectra.

Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVQZ level are performed on ternary clusters of water, hydrogen chloride and nitric acid to predict their IR and MW spectra. The main IR spectral features and their changes in a set of 15 selected clusters are analyzed in terms of the different hydrogen bonding characteristics of the aggregates. The formation of these clusters in laboratory experiments and their possible identification based on their infrared and microwave spectral properties are discussed. Based on a calculation of the Gibbs free-energy of formation of the clusters from their monomers, the population distribution of the molecules at atmospherically relevant temperatures is evaluated, and the IR spectra of the composed mixture are predicted. The variations of specific spectral features with temperature are assessed, and the possible observation of these features is proposed as a means to detect the existence of these clusters, as well as an indication of the temperature of the corresponding atmospheric sample.

Raman spectroscopy after accelerated ageing tests to assess the origin of some decayed products found in real historical bricks affected by urban polluted atmospheres.

Bricks, together with stones and mortars, can be considered as one of the most important building materials that constitute our built heritage. Numerous factors which cause several decaying pathologies in bricks can be listed, but it should be emphasised that the most severe and damaging one is the wet and dry deposition of both combustion and greenhouse gases (CO(2), SO(x) and NO(x) mainly). For instance, after the impact of CO(2) and SO(x), the decayed products promoted in bricks are carbonates and sulphates. Once identified in all these kinds of salts in real samples, it is necessary to make sure that the aggressive atmospheric conditions are sufficient to promote the formation of these salts. Therefore, accelerated exposure test are a good alternative in order to simulate the formation of these decayed compounds and to predict the reactions that promote the decaying mechanism. In this work, brick samples manufactured at different firing temperatures following ancient methods were subjected to humidity/dryness, freeze/thaw, CO(2) and SO(2) (KESTERNICH DIN 50018) accelerated ageing tests followed by a Raman spectroscopy screening in order to verify the formation of sulphate and carbonate salts in bricks on accelerated conditions, simulating the damage caused by a polluted atmosphere throughout many years of exposure.

Theoretical study of atmospheric clusters: HNO3-HCl-H2O.

Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and water can form stable aggregates with atmospheric implications, for instance at the surface of polar stratospheric clouds. The structure, stability and chemical properties of these ternary complexes are studied by means of high level theoretical calculations (hybrid DFT B3LYP method along with aug-cc-pVQZ basis set). From the many possible systems that these molecules could form, only 15 are found to yield stable structures, well characterized by a minimum in their potential energy surfaces. These aggregates are studied in detail. They can be collected in three families, according to the role played by each species in the different hydrogen bonding links that result and provide the basis for the stabilization of the clusters. Water and HCl can be H-donors to almost every O atom of HNO(3), which in turn can donate its H atom to the other two molecules. Two special cases are found, one in which H(2)O plays a central role, and another with a three-dimensional structure, in contrast to the basically planar frame of the other clusters. Bonding properties are investigated for the whole series using AIM methods. The elongation of the H-Cl bond as a consequence of the aggregate creation is inspected in detail, as it may provide a clue to the lability of this molecule with implications in atmospheric processes. The Gibbs free energy calculated for these clusters shows that some of them could form spontaneously in the range of temperatures of the stratosphere.

Plasma generation and processing of interstellar carbonaceous dust analogs.

Interstellar (IS) dust analogs, based on amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) were generated by plasma deposition in RF discharges of CH4 + He mixtures. The a-C:H samples were characterized by means of secondary electron microscopy (SEM), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and UV-visible reflectivity. DFT calculations of structure and IR spectra were also carried out. From the experimental data, atomic compositions were estimated. Both IR and reflectivity measurements led to similar high proportions (≈ 50%) of H atoms, but there was a significant discrepancy in the sp2/sp3 hybridization ratios of C atoms (sp2/sp3 = 1.5 from IR and 0.25 from reflectivity). Energetic processing of the samples with 5 keV electrons led to a decay of IR aliphatic bands and to a growth of aromatic bands, which is consistent with a dehydrogenation and graphitization of the samples. The decay of the CH aliphatic stretching band at 3.4 µm upon electron irradiation is relatively slow. Estimates based on the absorbed energy and on models of cosmic ray (CR) flux indicate that CR bombardment is not enough to justify the observed disappearance of this band in dense IS clouds.

SEOM-SERAM-SEMNIM guidelines on the use of functional and molecular imaging techniques in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. / Guía SEOM-SERAM-SEMNIM sobre el empleo de las técnicas de imagen funcional y molecular en el cáncer de pulmón no microcítico avanzado.

Imaging in oncology is an essential tool for patient management but its potential is being profoundly underutilized. Each of the techniques used in the diagnostic process also conveys functional information that can be relevant in treatment decision making. New imaging algorithms and techniques enhance our knowledge about the phenotype of the tumor and its potential response to different therapies. Functional imaging can be defined as the one that provides information beyond the purely morphological data, and include all the techniques that make it possible to measure specific physiological functions of the tumor, whereas molecular imaging would include techniques that allow us to measure metabolic changes. Functional and molecular techniques included in this document are based on multi-detector computed tomography (CT), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hybrid equipments, integrating PET with CT (PET/CT) or MRI (PET-MRI). Lung cancer is one of the most frequent and deadly tumors although survival is increasing thanks to advances in diagnostic methods and new treatments. This increased survival poises challenges in terms of proper follow-up and definitions of response and progression, as exemplified by immune therapy-related pseudoprogression. In this consensus document, the use of functional and molecular imaging techniques will be addressed to exploit their current potential and explore future applications in the diagnosis, evaluation of response and detection of recurrence of advanced NSCLC.

SEOM-SERAM-SEMNIM guidelines on the use of functional and molecular imaging techniques in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Imaging in oncology is an essential tool for patient management but its potential is being profoundly underutilized. Each of the techniques used in the diagnostic process also conveys functional information that can be relevant in treatment decision-making. New imaging algorithms and techniques enhance our knowledge about the phenotype of the tumor and its potential response to different therapies. Functional imaging can be defined as the one that provides information beyond the purely morphological data, and include all the techniques that make it possible to measure specific physiological functions of the tumor, whereas molecular imaging would include techniques that allow us to measure metabolic changes. Functional and molecular techniques included in this document are based on multi-detector computed tomography (CT), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hybrid equipments, integrating PET with CT (PET/CT) or MRI (PET-MRI). Lung cancer is one of the most frequent and deadly tumors although survival is increasing thanks to advances in diagnostic methods and new treatments. This increased survival poises challenges in terms of proper follow-up and definitions of response and progression, as exemplified by immune therapy-related pseudoprogression. In this consensus document, the use of functional and molecular imaging techniques will be addressed to exploit their current potential and explore future applications in the diagnosis, evaluation of response and detection of recurrence of advanced NSCLC.

Laboratory study of methyl isocyanate ices under astrophysical conditions.

Methyl isocyanate has been recently detected in comet 67P/ Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG) and in the interstellar medium. New physicochemical studies on this species are now necessary as tools for subsequent studies in astrophysics. In this work, infrared spectra of solid CH3NCO have been obtained at temperatures of relevance for astronomical environments. The spectra are dominated by a strong, characteristic multiplet feature at 2350-2250 cm-1, which can be attributed to the antisymmetric stretching of the NCO group. A phase transition from amorphous to crystalline methyl isocyanate is observed at ~ 90 K. The band strengths for the absorptions of CH3NCO in ice at 20 K have been measured. Deuterated methyl isocyanate is used to help with the spectral assignment. No X-ray structure has been reported for crystalline CH3NCO. Here we advance a tentative theoretical structure, based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, derived taking as a starting point the crystal of isocyanic acid. A harmonic theoretical spectrum is calculated then for the proposed structure, and compared with the experimental data. A mixed ice of H2O and CH3NCO was formed by simultaneous deposition of water and methyl isocyanate at 20 K. The absence of new spectral features indicates that methyl isocyanate and water do not react appreciably at 20 K, but form a stable mixture. The high CH3NCO/H2O ratio reported for comet 67P/CG, and the characteristic structure of the 2350-2250 cm-1 band, make of it a very good candidate for future astronomical searches.

Juxtapapillary neovascular membrane secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension treated with intravitreal bevacizumab: A case report. / Membrana neovascular coroidea yuxtapapilar secundaria a hipertensión intracraneal idiopática tratada con bevacizumab intravítreo: a propósito de un caso.

CASE REPORT: A 48 year-old woman with visual acuity loss in left eye (0.3). Funduscopic examination showed papillary oedema and neovascular membrane in the left eye. All neurological tests were normal, except the lumbar puncture with opening pressure of 35cmH2O, being diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). After four doses of bevacizumab, the visual acuity of the left eye has not improved and is counting fingers. DISCUSSION: Pathogenesis of the juxtapapillary neovascular membrane associated with IIH is not well known. An effect was observed after the anti-VEGF treatment. In our case, there was no improvement after four doses of intravitreal bevacizumab.

Theoretical calculations of refractive indices and optical effects in spectra of nitric acid and nitric acid monohydrate crystals.

The theoretical infrared refractive indices of two systems related to atmospheric research, nitric acid (NA) and nitric acid monohydrate (NAM) crystals, have been computed using a methodology based on first-principles. The effects of lack of coherence in the infrared beam in RAIR and transmission spectra have also been treated using a model based on classical optics. The optical constants of NA crystals are presented for the first time; the results on NAM are compared to empirical values previously published with good general agreement. With the optical constants of NA, polarized reflection-absorption infrared spectra are predicted and compared to experimental spectra recorded also for the first time, for a set of varying film thickness. The global agreement is satisfactory. The effects of a number of experimental factors in transmission spectra of NAM are assessed, in an attempt to explain observed differences among experimental spectra. It is concluded that the spectral disparities are probably due to differences in the nature of the samples.

The [Formula: see text] transition form factor from space- and time-like experimental data.

The [Formula: see text] transition form factor is analyzed for the first time in both space- and time-like regions at low and intermediate energies in a model-independent approach through the use of rational approximants. The [Formula: see text] experimental data provided by the A2 Collaboration in the very low-energy region of the dielectron invariant mass distribution allows for the extraction of the most precise up-to-date slope and curvature parameters of the form factors as well as their values at zero and infinity. The impact of these new results on the mixing parameters of the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] system, together with the role played by renormalization dependent effects, and on the determination of the [Formula: see text] couplings from [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] radiative decays is also discussed.

[Intrapericardial cisplatin for malignant tamponade]. / Cisplatino intrapericárdico en el taponamiento neoplásico.

The choice therapy of malignant pericardial effusion is controversial. Pericardiocentesis is usually successful in alleviating tamponade, but unfortunately, that tamponade recurs frequently and patients are then again exposed to a critical situation and need hospitalization. Several different approaches have been advocated in order to prevent reaccumulation of the pericardial fluid, most of them quite cumbersome. We present our experience with intrapericardial administration of cisplatin. There were 6 patients, and the primary tumor was breast carcinoma in 2, lung in 1, ovary in 1, mediastinal fibrosarcoma in 1, and unknown in 1. Administration of cisplatin was virtually uneventful and painless, and there were no recurrences, with a survival of 2 to 18 months (mean 5.6).We conclude that intrapericardial cisplatin is safe and effective in treating malignant pericardial tamponade and preventing recurrence.

SEOM-SERAM-SEMNIM guidelines on the use of functional and molecular imaging techniques in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Imaging in oncology is an essential tool for patient management but its potential is being profoundly underutilized. Each of the techniques used in the diagnostic process also conveys functional information that can be relevant in treatment decision-making. New imaging algorithms and techniques enhance our knowledge about the phenotype of the tumor and its potential response to different therapies. Functional imaging can be defined as the one that provides information beyond the purely morphological data, and include all the techniques that make it possible to measure specific physiological functions of the tumor, whereas molecular imaging would include techniques that allow us to measure metabolic changes. Functional and molecular techniques included in this document are based on multi-detector computed tomography (CT), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hybrid equipments, integrating PET with CT (PET/CT) or MRI (PET-MRI). Lung cancer is one of the most frequent and deadly tumors although survival is increasing thanks to advances in diagnostic methods and new treatments. This increased survival poises challenges in terms of proper follow-up and definitions of response and progression, as exemplified by immune therapy-related pseudoprogression. In this consensus document, the use of functional and molecular imaging techniques will be addressed to exploit their current potential and explore future applications in the diagnosis, evaluation of response and detection of recurrence of advanced NSCLC

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[Lack of correlation between plantar arthrosis of the first metatarsal joint and sesamoids and pain in patients after hallux valgus surgery]. / Falta de correlación entre artrosis plantar del primer metatarsiano y sesamoideos y dolor en pacientes intervenidos de hallux valgus.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between osteoarthritis in the plantar region of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot and patient pain after hallux valgus surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 28 patients undergoing hallux valgus surgery were examined. The patients were examined for pain in the plantar region of the metatarsophalangeal joint (sesamoid bones area), by looking into their medical records and by means of palpation during the physical exam. X-rays were taken to look for metatarsophalangeal arthritis, and PASA and sesamoid displacement were measured. During the surgical procedure, the metatarsal head was macroscopically assessed for arthritis according to the ICRS Score. RESULTS: Of the 28 patients, 18 had no pain, 7 had mild pain (VAS 1-3) and 3 had moderate pain (VAS 4-6). Macroscopically, all the patients had some degree of plantar osteoarthritis. Only 5 patients had radiological signs of metatarsophalangeal arthritis. There was no correlation (P=.44) between pain and plantar osteoarthritis. There was a mild but non-significant correlation between PASA and osteoarthritis (P=.06). There was a weak but significant correlation between patient age and arthritis (P=.04). CONCLUSION: Osteoarthritis in the plantar aspect of the first metatarsal head does not correlate with patient symptoms or with pain intensity in patients undergoing hallux valgus surgery.