RESUMEN
Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired autoimmune disorder that is associated with various obstetric complications and, in the absence of prior history of thrombosis, with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies directed against other phospholipids, proteins called cofactors or PL-cofactor complexes. Although the obstetric complications have been related to the procoagulant properties of antiphospholipid antibodies, pathological studies of human placenta have shown the proinflammatory capacity of antiphospholipid antibodies via the complement system and proinflammatory cytokines. There is no general agreement on which antiphospholipid antibodies profile (laboratory) confers the greatest obstetric risk, but the best candidates are categories I and IIa. Combined treatment with low doses of aspirin and heparin achieves good obstetric and maternal outcomes. In this study, we also review the therapeutic possibilities in refractory cases, although the likelihood of progressing to other autoimmune diseases is low. We briefly comment on incomplete obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome, also known as antiphospholipid antibody-mediated pregnancy morbidity syndrome.
RESUMEN
El síndrome antifosfolipídico obstétrico es una alteración autoinmune adquirida que asocia diversas complicaciones obstétricas, en ausencia de historia trombótica previa, junto con la existencia de anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos dirigidos contra fosfolípidos, proteínas denominadas cofactores o contra complejos fosfolípidos-cofactor. Aunque las complicaciones obstétricas se han relacionado con sus propiedades procoagulantes, estudios anatomopatológicos en placentas humanas han demostrado su capacidad proinflamatoria vía sistema del complemento-citocinas proinflamatorias. No hay acuerdo general sobre cuál es el perfil de anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos (categoría de laboratorio) que confiere más riesgo obstétrico, aunque las denominadas categorías I y IIa son las mejores candidatas. El tratamiento combinado con dosis bajas de aspirina y heparina consigue buenos resultados obstétricos y maternos. Se revisan también las posibilidades terapéuticas en los casos refractarios. La evolución a otras enfermedades autoinmunes es baja. Se comenta brevemente el denominado síndrome antifosfolipídico obstétrico incompleto, también conocido como síndrome de morbilidad obstétrica asociada a anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos (AU)
Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired autoimmune disorder that is associated with various obstetric complications and, in the absence of prior history of thrombosis, with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies directed against other phospholipids, proteins called cofactors or PL-cofactor complexes. Although the obstetric complications have been related to the procoagulant properties of antiphospholipid antibodies, pathological studies of human placenta have shown the proinflammatory capacity of antiphospholipid antibodies via the complement system and proinflammatory cytokines. There is no general agreement on which antiphospholipid antibodies profile (laboratory) confers the greatest obstetric risk, but the best candidates are categories I and IIa. Combined treatment with low doses of aspirin and heparin achieves good obstetric and maternal outcomes. In this study, we also review the therapeutic possibilities in refractory cases, although the likelihood of progressing to other autoimmune diseases is low. We briefly comment on incomplete obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome, also known as antiphospholipid antibody-mediated pregnancy morbidity syndrome (AU)