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Microsystems represent an alternative but proficient approach of analysis outside the laboratory, and their use could help in reducing the impact of pre-analytical errors, in particular in challenging newborn samples. The study purpose is to compare the Horiba Microsemi CRP LC-767G system for rapid 3-part complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) determination with the laboratory reference systems (respectively Sysmex XN-9100™ and Roche Cobas® c702) in samples of adult patients and newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) samples. The comparison between the analyzers was performed through Passing-Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot. One hundred eighty-three blood samples were analyzed. The regression analysis results, performed in the newborn (n = 70) and in adult (n = 113) populations, showed a good agreement between the instruments. The evaluation of the Bland-Altman plots showed comparable values of bias < 10% for most of the parameters, but not for MPV, lymphocyte, and monocyte count. CONCLUSION: The comparison between the Microsemi CRP LC-767G system and the laboratory instrumentations demonstrated comparable results. The Microsemi CRP LC-767G system provides reliable analytical data and faster turnaround time, particularly useful in NICU. WHAT IS KNOWN: ⢠Microsystems for point-of-care testing (POCT) represent an alternative but proficient approach of analysis outside the laboratory, in order to perform a rapid, safe, and exhaustive evaluation for critical patients' management, acting as a valid support for treatment in acute care. WHAT IS NEW: ⢠The Microsemi CRP LC-767G system can represent an alternative but effective testing approach outside the laboratory, particularly in NICU, to reduce the impact of pre-analytical errors on newborn samples.
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INTRODUCTION: Relationships between inflammation and mood have been observed in terms of pro-inflammatory effects induced by depressive conditions and, in parallel, by an antidepressant-induced favorable effect on the recovery of inflammatory states. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs were hypothesized to improve the prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, a typical acute inflammation, in terms of decreased mortality rate and pro-inflammatory cytokine serum levels. METHODS: The medical records of COVID-19 pneumonia inpatients at Careggi University Hospital (Florence) were analyzed for prognosis and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) after admission for over a period of 22 months. Medical records of patients treated at admission and not discontinued until discharge with an SSRI or with vortioxetine were identified. Two groups, one treated with antidepressants, the other not treated, were evaluated according to the mentioned parameters. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The entire sample composed of 1236 records (recovered patients 77.1%, deceased patients 22.9%). The treated group (n = 107) had a better prognosis than the untreated group in spite of age and comorbidity both being greater than in the untreated group. Correspondingly, IL-6 levels in the treated group were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the levels in the untreated group, in every comparison. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes of this study support the hypothesis of the favorable influence of some antidepressants on the prognosis of COVID-19, possibly mediated by IL-6 modulation. Reduction in acute inflammation induced by the action of antidepressants was confirmed.
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COVID-19 , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina , Humanos , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Interleucina-6 , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) require constant monitoring and periodic treatment readjustments, being applied to highly complex patients, with rapidly changing clinical needs. To promote precision medicine in the field of renal replacement therapy and encourage dynamic prescription, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) recommends periodically measuring the solutes extracorporeal clearance with the aim of assessing the current treatment delivery and the gap from the therapeutic prescription (often intended as effluent dose). To perform this procedure, it is therefore necessary to obtain blood and effluent samples from the extracorporeal circuit to measure the concentrations of a target solute (usually represented by urea) in prefilter, postfilter, and effluent lines. However, samples must be collected simultaneously from the extracorporeal circuit ports, with the same suction flow at an unknown rate. METHODS: The proposed study takes the first step toward identifying the technical factors that should be considered in determining the optimal suction rate to collect samples from the extracorporeal circuit to measure the extracorporeal clearance for a specific solute. RESULTS: The results obtained identify the low suction rate (i.e., 1 mL/min) as an ideal parameter for an adequate sampling method. Low velocities do not perturb the external circulation system and ensure stability prevailing pressures in the circuit. Higher velocities can be performed only with blood flows above 120 mL/min preferably in conditions of appropriate filtration fraction. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: The specific value of aspiration flow rate must be proportioned to the prescription of CRRT treatments set by the clinician.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal Continuo , Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea , Humanos , Diálisis Renal , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal/métodos , Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Urea , Lesión Renal Aguda/terapiaRESUMEN
We have previously demonstrated that the vasopressin type 2 receptor (AVPR2) antagonist tolvaptan reduces cell proliferation and invasion and triggers apoptosis in different human cancer cell lines. To study this effect in vivo, a xenograft model of small cell lung cancer was developed in Fox1nu/nu nude mice through the subcutaneous inoculation of H69 cells, which express AVPR2. One group of mice (n = 5) was treated with tolvaptan for 60 days, whereas one group (n = 5) served as the control. A reduced growth was observed in the tolvaptan group in which the mean tumor volume was significantly smaller on day 60 compared to the control group. In the latter group, a significantly lower survival was observed. The analysis of excised tumors revealed that tolvaptan effectively inhibited the cAMP/PKA and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The expression of the proliferative marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was significantly lower in tumors excised from tolvaptan-treated mice, whereas the expression levels of the apoptotic marker caspase-3 were higher than those in control animals. Furthermore, tumor vascularization was significantly lower in the tolvaptan group. Overall, these findings suggest that tolvaptan counteracts tumor progression in vivo and, if confirmed, might indicate a possible role of this molecule as an adjuvant in anticancer strategies.
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Antagonistas de los Receptores de Hormonas Antidiuréticas , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Ratones Desnudos , Receptores de Vasopresinas , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas , Tolvaptán , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Animales , Tolvaptán/farmacología , Tolvaptán/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de los Receptores de Hormonas Antidiuréticas/farmacología , Ratones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/patología , Receptores de Vasopresinas/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
In cancer patients, hyponatremia is detected in about 40% of cases at hospital admission and has been associated to a worse outcome. We have previously observed that cancer cells from different tissues show a significantly increased proliferation rate and invasion potential, when cultured in low extracellular [Na+]. We have recently developed an animal model of hyponatremia using Foxn1nu/nu mice. The aim of the present study was to compare tumor growth and invasivity of the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-AS in hyponatremic vs. normonatremic mice. Animals were subcutaneously implanted with luciferase-expressing SK-N-AS cells. When masses reached about 100 mm3, hyponatremia was induced in a subgroup of animals via desmopressin infusion. Tumor masses were significantly greater in hyponatremic mice, starting from day 14 and until the day of sacrifice (day 28). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a more intense vascularization and higher levels of expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, chromogranin A and heme oxigenase-1 gene in hyponatremic mice. Finally, metalloproteases were also more abundantly expressed in hyponatremic animals compared to control ones. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration in an experimental animal model that hyponatremia is associated to increased cancer growth by activating molecular mechanisms that promote proliferation, angiogenesis and invasivity.
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Hiponatremia , Neuroblastoma , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Hiponatremia/etiología , Xenoinjertos , Sodio/metabolismo , HospitalizaciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) can be mild or severe with oligohydramnios, renal dysplasia and pulmonary hypoplasia. Fetal urine biochemical markers correlate with fetal prognosis and, if favorable, surgical intervention is feasible. METHODS: We report a patient in her 18th gestational week whose fetus was diagnosed with LUTO and underwent fetal urine sampling for calcium, sodium, chloride, beta2-microglobulin and total protein of the routine LUTO panel, with the addition of creatinine, glucose, phosphate, urea, ammonia, albumin, and NGAL. RESULTS: Although the routine fetal urine biochemistry seemed to be favorably trending favorably, sodium, beta2-microglobulin, glucose, and urea did not decrease to the reference ranges, and ammonia and creatinine were lower than the reference ranges. Ultrasound demonstrated no improvement of the obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the need to acquire further experience with biochemical fetal urine markers in order to better manage LUTO.
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Obstrucción Uretral , Sistema Urinario , Humanos , Embarazo , Femenino , Creatinina , Amoníaco , Obstrucción Uretral/diagnóstico , Obstrucción Uretral/etiología , Obstrucción Uretral/cirugía , Feto , Biomarcadores , Sodio , Urea , Glucosa , Ultrasonografía PrenatalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) have been shown to reduce acute episodes of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). However, breakthrough relapses are frequent, possibly because of underdosing in clinical practice. In this framework, the advantages of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may be overlooked. This study explored the association of low steady-state LAI levels with a higher risk of relapse in SSDs, despite the use of a licensed posology. METHODS: Forty-eight clinically stable outpatients with SSD underwent LAI-TDM using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for routine observational purposes. Baseline anamnestic, pharmacological, and psychometric evaluations compared subjects with "under-range" versus "in-range" LAI serum levels; between-group comparisons for different LAI treatments were also performed. A binary logistic regression explored which baseline factors (age, sex, previous hospitalizations, psychopathology, specific LAI treatment, and underrange serum levels) predicted relapse during the next 12 months. RESULTS: Baseline comparisons did not show significant between-group differences, except for a higher percentage of underrange values in individuals receiving olanzapine pamoate. A total of 10 patients (20.8%) relapsed during the follow-up; only underrange LAI levels predicted the event (odds ratio 0.03, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.36; P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Even if relapse remains as a multifactorial event, LAI-TDM may identify subjects at risk for this negative outcome, thus optimizing antipsychotic maintenance treatment in the context of precision medicine. The finding of underrange LAI plasma levels in real-world practice should prompt adequate monitoring of clinically stable outpatients to identify the early signs of psychopathological deterioration.
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Antipsicóticos , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Lactante , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Proyectos Piloto , Monitoreo de Drogas , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/uso terapéutico , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Amenorrhea is a disabling medical consequence of anorexia nervosa (AN); therefore, resumption of menses (ROM) represents an important goal in the treatment for these patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible clinical, psychopathological, and biological predictors of ROM, including age, body mass index (BMI), AN subtype, childhood abuse, duration of illness, general and eating disorder (ED)-specific psychopathology, and sex hormones. METHODS: Fifty amenorrheic patients with AN were enrolled. Baseline clinical data and information on childhood abuse were collected. Questionnaires to evaluate general and ED-specific psychopathology were administered, and blood samples were drawn. All patients received treatment as usual and underwent regular follow-up visits for 4 years or until ROM. Time to ROM, BMI at last evaluation, and data regarding diagnostic crossover into bulimia nervosa were collected. RESULTS: Twenty-nine (58.0%) patients recovered menses. Diagnostic crossover was associated with a higher probability of ROM (odds ratio = 10.3, p = .030). Time-to-event analysis showed that a shorter duration of illness (χ(1) = 11.00, p = .001), binge-eating/purging subtype (χ(1) = 7.01, p = .008), and history of childhood abuse (χ(1) = 4.03, p = .045) were associated with an earlier ROM. Furthermore, higher baseline ED-specific psychopathology was associated with a reduced likelihood for ROM, whereas higher general psychopathology and follicle-stimulating hormone levels predicted an earlier ROM (all, p < .050). Age, BMI, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen hematic levels had no predictive value with respect to ROM. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides data in support of an integrated model, emphasizing the importance of duration of illness, childhood abuse, and psychopathological characteristics of amenorrheic patients with AN in predicting ROM.
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Anorexia Nerviosa , Bulimia Nerviosa , Amenorrea , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , MenstruaciónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Haemophilia (H) is frequently associated with a multifactorial reduction in bone mineral density (BDM), but little is known about possible differences between HA and HB according to their severity. AIM: To evaluate the association between low bone mineral density (BMD), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and bone turnover markers in patients with HA and HB younger or older than 50 years. METHODS: In 78 patients <50 years and 33 patients >50 years with severe (S) or moderate (M) HA and HB, BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine and then correlated to annual bleeding rate (ABR), World Federation of Haemophilia orthopaedic joint scale (WFH score), 25(OH)D concentrations, parathyroid hormone (PTH), amino-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTx), urinary pyridinolines, osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. RESULTS: Overall, a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was diagnosed. In patients <50 years, low FN-BMD was significantly more frequent in HA than in HB, while PTH, pyridinolines, ABR and WFH score were associated with H type and severity. In patients >50 years, similarly low FN-BMD was observed in HA and HB, while ABR and WFH score were associated with H type and severity, being milder in HB. CONCLUSIONS: Low bone mass is a frequent comorbidity in haemophilic patients of all ages, apart from those with MHB. Clinical and laboratory assessments confirm a higher bone impairment and faster bone resorption in HA compared with HB. Looking at H type and severity, MHB seems to have a normal bone metabolism and a less severe disease.
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Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Hemofilia A/complicaciones , Hemofilia B/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/etiología , Femenino , Hemofilia A/sangre , Hemofilia B/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The case concerns a 30-year-old woman in the 24th week of pregnancy presenting to the medical emergency room with fever and abdominal pain. Urine sediment microscopy revealed the presence of unknown needle-shaped crystals. METHODS: Crystals identification was performed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy coupled to Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR). RESULTS: Amoxicillin crystals were verified with semiquantitative results of 87.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-induced crystalluria is a frequent finding in urine examination and it may be asymptomatic. FTIR spectroscopy is a rapid and specific tool in identification of crystals and could be useful supporting renal disease diagnosis and monitoring drug therapy.
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Amoxicilina , Cálculos Urinarios , Adulto , Amoxicilina/química , Amoxicilina/orina , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/orina , Femenino , Humanos , Microscopía , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/orina , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Urinálisis , Cálculos Urinarios/química , Cálculos Urinarios/orinaRESUMEN
The goal of harmonizing laboratory testing is contributing to improving the quality of patient care and ultimately ameliorating patient outcome. The complete blood and leukocyte differential counts are among the most frequently requested clinical laboratory tests. The morphological assessment of peripheral blood cells (PB) through microscopic examination of properly stained blood smears is still considered a hallmark of laboratory hematology. Nevertheless, a variable inter-observer experience and the different terminology used for characterizing cellular abnormalities both contribute to the current lack of harmonization in blood smear revision. In 2014, the Working Group on Diagnostic Hematology of the Italian Society of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (WGDH-SIBioC) conducted a national survey, collecting responses from 78 different Italian laboratories. The results of this survey highlighted a lack of harmonization of interpretative comments in hematology, which prompted the WGDH-SIBioC to develop a project on "Harmonization of interpretative comments in the laboratory hematology report", aimed at identifying appropriate comments and proposing a standardized reporting system. The comments were then revised and updated according to the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of hematologic malignancies. In 2016, the Working Group on Diagnostic Hematology of the Italian Society of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (WGDH SIBioC) published its first consensus based recommendation for interpretative comments in laboratory hematology reporting whit the purpose of evaluating comments and the aim to (a) reducing their overall number, (b) standardizing the language, (c) providing information that could be easily comprehended by clinicians and patients, (d) increasing the quality of the clinical information, and (e) suggesting additional diagnostic tests when necessary. This paper represents a review of the recommendations of the former document.
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Pruebas Hematológicas/normas , Sociedades Médicas , Humanos , Italia , Biología Molecular , Estándares de Referencia , Terminología como AsuntoRESUMEN
Microbiological tests on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) utilize a common urgent-care procedure that does not take into account the chemical and cytological characteristics of the CSF, resulting sometimes in an unnecessary use of human and diagnostic resources. The aim of this study was to retrospectively validate a simple scoring system (bacterial meningitis-Careggi score [BM-CASCO]) based on blood and CSF sample chemical/cytological parameters for evaluating the probability of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in adults. BM-CASCO (range, 0 to 6) was defined by the following parameters: CSF cell count, CSF protein levels, CSF lactate levels, CSF glucose-to-serum glucose ratio, and peripheral neutrophil count. BM-CASCO was retrospectively calculated for 784 cases of suspected ABM in adult subjects observed during a four-and-a-half-year-period (2010 to 2014) at the emergency department (ED) of a large tertiary-care teaching hospital in Italy. Among the 28 confirmed ABM cases (3.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent cause (16 cases). All ABM cases showed a BM-CASCO value of ≥3. Most negative cases (591/756) exhibited a BM-CASCO value of ≤1, which was adopted in our laboratory as a cutoff to not proceed with urgent microbiological analysis of CSF in cases of suspected ABM in adults. During a subsequent 1-year follow-up, the introduction of the BM-CASCO in the diagnostic workflow of ABM in adults resulted in a significant decrease in unnecessary microbiological analysis, with no false negatives. In conclusion, BM-CASCO appears to be an accurate and simple scoring system for optimization of the microbiological diagnostic workflow of ABM in adults.
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Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/métodos , Técnicas de Apoyo para la Decisión , Pruebas Diagnósticas de Rutina/métodos , Meningitis Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Flujo de Trabajo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Células Sanguíneas , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/química , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/citología , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow expansion and the proliferation of one or more myeloid cell lineages, predominantly driven by the expression of the constitutively active fusion product tyrosine kinase BCR:ABL1. Rarely, CML patients directly develop a blast crisis (BC), mostly of myeloid origin. CML at blast crisis with a T-cell phenotype at diagnosis, without any prior history of CML, is extremely rare. Herein, we describe one rare CML case, in a young man showing an unusual and early T-lymphoid blastic crisis at diagnosis, as the first onset of a previously unknown CML. The multidisciplinary collaboration between laboratorians and clinicians for the diagnosis and management of this atypical case was crucial in outlining both a targeted pharmacological treatment and a successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide spectrum of clinical severity. A cytokine storm is associated with COVID-19 severity. Of these, IL-6 is significantly associated with higher mortality and is also a marker for predicting disease prognosis. IL-6 may act as a target for therapeutics and, a blockade of IL-6 function by Tocilizumab has been described as a treatment of the inflammatory process COVID-19-related. This study aims to describe our experience comparing two different methods, in detail Human IL-6 Instant ELISA and the Elecsys IL-6 based on ECLIA, for the IL-6 assessment. Design and methods: IL-6 levels from serum samples of 104 COVID-19 patients, admitted to the AOU Careggi (Hospital in Florence -Italy), were assessed by using the two above-mentioned methods, and the results were analysed through Passing-Bablok regression fit and Bland-Altman plot. Results: The regression exhibited a linear relation between the methods with a regression equation (y = - 0.13 + 0.63 x; 95 % C.I. intercept = - 0.13 to 4.55; 95 % C.I. slope = 1.03 to 1.26 with R2 = 0.89, p > 0.05), showing a positive slope. The agreement of the two methods reported a bias of -25.0 pg/mL. Thus, the two methods correlate but do not agree in terms of numeric results. Conclusions: The two assays showed good comparability. However, because of the extremely wide linear range of the ECLIA, its throughput and its capacity for immune profiling, it represents an interesting emerging technology in the immunology field.
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Introduction: Recently, a flow cytometric (FC) based test has been developed for detection of circulating fetal cells to replace the less accurate and reproducible Kleihauer-Betke test.FC test is easier to perform, it can distinguish the origin of fetal cells, but it is expensive and available in highly specialized laboratories. We evaluated the introduction of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach as initial screening to identify patients who need an additional FC test to better discriminate the nature of haemoglobin-F (HbF) positive cells. Methods: Blood samples from 130 pregnant women suspected to have fetomaternal haemorrhage were analysed with HPLC and FC methods. The cut-off for HbF HPLC concentration was calculated. Statistical analyses for the evaluation of HPLC as a screening method were performed. The positivity cut-off of HbF to be used as decision-making value to continue the investigation was calculated. Results: An excellent agreement (R2 > 0.90) was observed between the percentage of HbF obtained by HPLC and the percentage of fetal cells detected by FC. Results obtained from each assay were compared to define the HPLC threshold below which it is not necessary to continue the investigations, confirming the maternal nature of the HbF positive cells detected. Our study demonstrated that a cut-off of 1.0 % HbF obtained by HPLC was associated with the lowest rate of false negative results in our patient cohort. Conclusions: This study provides a new FMH investigation approach that possibly leads to a reduction in times and costs of the analysis.
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BACKGROUND: It is known that human milk fortifiers (HMF) increases osmolality of human milk (HM) but some aspects of fortification have not been deeply investigated. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of fortification on the osmolality of donor human milk (DHM) and mother's own milk (MOM) over 72 h of storage using two commercial fortifiers and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) supplementation. METHODS: Pasteurized DHM and unpasteurized preterm MOM were fortified with 4% PreNAN FM85, 4% PreNAN FM85 plus 2% MCT, or 4% Aptamil BMF. Osmolality was measured in unfortified DHM and MOM and, moreover, just after fortification (T0), and after 6 (T6), 24 (T24) and 72 h (T72) to determine the effect of mixing and storage. RESULTS: Unfortified DHM and MOM did not show changes of osmolality. Fortification increased osmolality of DHM and MOM without changes during the study period, except for Aptamil BMF which increased osmolality of MOM. The addition of MCT to fortified human milk (FHM) did not affect its osmolality. CONCLUSIONS: Changes of osmolality in the 72 h following fortification of both DHM and MOM did not exceed the safety values supporting the theoretically possibility of preparing 72 h volumes of FHM. Supplementation with MCT of FHM does not change osmolality suggesting that increasing energy intake in preterm infants via this approach is safe.
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Recien Nacido Prematuro , Leche Humana , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Humanos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Suplementos DietéticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The patients' and injuries' heterogeneity associated with TBI, alongside with its variable clinical manifestations, make it challenging to make diagnosis and predict prognosis. Therefore, the identification of reliable prognostic markers would be relevant both to support clinical decision-making and forensic evaluation of polytraumatic deaths and cases of medical malpractice. This pilot study aimed to evaluate some of the main biomarkers specific for brain damage in sTBI and mmTBI deaths in samples of vitreous humor (VH) in order to verify whether predictors of prognosis in TBI can be found in this matrix. METHODS: VH were obtained from both eyes (right and left) of 30 cadavers (20 sTBI and 10 mmTBI) and analysed. These factors were evaluated: NSE (neuron-specific enolase), S100 calcium-binding protein (S100), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Copeptin, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Ferritin, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT), Glucose and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (N-Gal). RESULTS: Four of the analysed proteins (LDH, ferritin, S100 and NSE) proved to be particularly promising. In particular, logistic regression analysis found a good discriminatory power. CONCLUSIONS: Given the peculiarity of the matrix and the poor standardization of the sampling, such promising results need to be furtherly investigated in serum before being implemented in the forensic practice.
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Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Cuerpo Vítreo , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Subunidad beta de la Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100 , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía , FerritinasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic and so it is crucial the right evaluation of viral infection. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in respiratory samples is the gold standard for confirming the disease. However, it has practical limitations as time-consuming procedures and a high rate of false-negative results. We aim to assess the accuracy of COVID-19 classifiers based on Arificial Intelligence (AI) and statistical classification methods adapted on blood tests and other information routinely collected at the Emergency Departments (EDs). METHODS: Patients admitted to the ED of Careggi Hospital from April 7th-30th 2020 with pre-specified features of suspected COVID-19 were enrolled. Physicians prospectively dichotomized them as COVID-19 likely/unlikely case, based on clinical features and bedside imaging support. Considering the limits of each method to identify a case of COVID-19, further evaluation was performed after an independent clinical review of 30-day follow-up data. Using this as a gold standard, several classifiers were implemented: Logistic Regression (LR), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Networks (NN), K-nearest neighbor (K-NN), Naive Bayes (NB). RESULTS: Most of the classifiers show a ROC >0.80 on both internal and external validation samples but the best results are obtained applying RF, LR and NN. The performance from the external validation sustains the proof of concept to use such mathematical models fast, robust and efficient for a first identification of COVID-19 positive patients. These tools may constitute both a bedside support while waiting for RT-PCR results, and a tool to point to a deeper investigation, by identifying which patients are more likely to develop into positive cases within 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the obtained results and with a rapidly changing virus, we believe that data processing automated procedures may provide a valid support to the physicians facing the decision to classify a patient as a COVID-19 case or not.
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COVID-19 , Estados Unidos , Humanos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Teorema de Bayes , Pandemias , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Prueba de COVID-19RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Identifying acute kidney injury (AKI) within few hours of onset is certainly helpful. However, early prediction of a long-term eGFR decline may be an even more important goal. Our aim was to identify and compare serum [creatinine, kineticGFR, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)] and urinary (NephroCheck, NGAL, proteinuria, albuminuria, acantocytes at urinary sediment) predictors of AKI that might efficiently predict long-term GFR decline after robotic Nephron-Spearing Surgery (rNSS). METHODS: Monocentric prospective observational study. Patients scheduled for rNSS for suspected localized Renal Cell Carcinoma from May 2017 to October 2017 were enrolled. Samples were collected preoperatively and postoperatively (timepoints: 4 h, 10 h, 24 h, 48 h), while kidney function was re-assessed up to 24 months. RESULTS: 38 patients were included; 16 (42%) developed clinical AKI. The eGFR decline at 24 months was more pronounced after postoperative AKI (-20.75 vs. -7.20, p < 0.0001). KineticGFR at 4 h (p = 0.008) and NephroCheck at 10 h (p = 0.001) were, at multivariable linear regression analysis, efficient predictors of post-operative AKI and long-term eGFR decline if compared to creatinine (R2 0.33 vs. 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: NephroCheck and kineticGFR have emerged as promising noninvasive, accurate, and early biomarkers of postoperative AKI and long-term GFR decline after rNSS. Combining NephroCheck and kineticGFR in clinical practice would allow to identify high risk of postoperative AKI and long-term GFR decline as early as 10 h after surgery.
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BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, administration of the currently available vaccines has mostly been recommended for subjects at high risk, including elderly populations on long-term oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) with warfarin. However, there is no clear evidence of the stability of the International Normalised Ratio (INR) after vaccine administration in those subjects on long-term OAT. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on anticoagulation levels in patients on long-term OAT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: INR values of patients on long-term OAT who had undergone anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination from January to June 2021 were monitored for a total of 90 days follow-up after the first vaccination dose. These were then compared with INR values before vaccination. The second dose, when required, was administered during follow-up. Inclusion criterion was stable long-term INR for at least 6 months before vaccination. Exclusion criteria were recent surgery, intercurrent diseases, or treatment with medication that could compromise findings in the 3 months before vaccination and during follow-up. RESULTS: No differences were observed in the anticoagulation levels before and after COVID-19 vaccination in any of the patients studied: mean INR values were 2.39 (range 2.20-2.63) before vaccination and 2.40 (range 2.16-2.76) after vaccination (p=0.5). There was no difference in anticoagulation levels in relation to age, sex, indication for OAT, or type of vaccine (p>0.5). No bleeding or thrombotic complications were documented during follow-up. DISCUSSION: These are the first data to be reported on anticoagulation levels in patients on stable OAT after COVID-19 vaccination. No influence on the quality of OAT was detected after the vaccination; no bleeding or thrombotic complications were recorded in the follow-up. No difference between the four available COVID vaccines was found. Dose adjustment was only required in a few cases, thus confirming the stability of anticoagulation levels.