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Background: Traditional Persian medicine has introduced effective remedies in opioid dependence care. One of the most widely used remedies is an herbal formulation containing Peganum harmala L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. (HF). This study investigated the effects of HF to attenuate the withdrawal signs and rewarding effects in morphine-dependent rats.Methods: Forty-nine male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The control and vehicle groups received normal saline and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, respectively. The morphine group received morphine for one week. The single and daily dose of HF groups received morphine similar to the morphine group, and HF (1.4 and 2.8 g/kg) once a day in the daily dose group and only on the last day of the experiment in the single dose of HF group. Finally, the withdrawal signs as well biochemical tests were evaluated. The behavioral parameters were assessed by conditioned place preference (CPP), elevated plus-maze and Y-maze tests. The antioxidant activity of HF was evaluated by measurement of serum contents of malondialdehyde, stable nitric oxide metabolites and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Moreover, the protein expression of c-fos was assessed by western blotting.Results: Daily treatment with HF significantly reduced the score of CPP behavioral test, all of the withdrawal signs, TAC and the c-fos protein level.Conclusions: The results indicated that HF might be a promising complementary treatment in reducing morphine-induced physical and psychological dependence probably through modulation of c-fos protein expression.
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OBJECTIVE: G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor with various physiological functions. Recent evidence suggests that this receptor may be involved in the control of motor functions. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of intra-striatal administration of GPR55 selective ligands in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS: Experimental Parkinson was induced by unilateral intra-striatal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 10 µg/rat). L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI, 1 and 5 µg/rat), an endogenous GPR55 agonist, and ML193 (1 and 5 µg/rat), a selective GPR55 antagonist, were injected into the striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Motor performance and balance skills were evaluated using the accelerating rotating rod and the ledged beam tests. The sensorimotor function of the forelimbs and locomotor activity were assessed by the adhesive removal and open field tests, respectively. RESULTS: 6-OHDA-lesioned rats had impaired behaviours in all tests. Intra-striatal administration of LPI in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats increased time on the rotarod, decreased latency to remove the label, with no significant effect on slip steps, and locomotor activity. Intra-striatal administration of ML193 also increased time on the rotarod, decreased latency to remove the label and slip steps in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats mostly at the dose of 1 µg/rat. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the striatal GPR55 is involved in the control of motor functions. However, considering the similar effects of GPR55 agonist and antagonist, it may be concluded that this receptor has a modulatory role in the control of motor deficits in an experimental model of Parkinson.
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Cuerpo Estriado/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inhibidores , Adrenérgicos/administración & dosificación , Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ligandos , Lisofosfolípidos/administración & dosificación , Lisofosfolípidos/farmacología , Masculino , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Oxidopamina/administración & dosificación , Oxidopamina/farmacología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de CannabinoidesRESUMEN
Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) induces kidney injury. Oleuropein as a major compound of olive leaves modulates the inflammatory parameters and decreases oxidative stress. Accordingly, we evaluate the renoprotective effect of oleuropein against 3-day UUO rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8) including control, UUO and UUO + oleuropein groups (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). UUO model was induced by left ureter ligation and continued for 3-day. Rats were treated synchronic daily for 3-day, then mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal perfusion pressure (RPP), renal blood flow (RBF), serum creatinine level, and also superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (in the obstructed kidney) were measured. The western blotting method was applied to evaluate the Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 and TNF-α proteins expression level. The hematoxylin and eosin method was applied to evaluate the kidney tissue damage score (KTDS). UUO significantly increased RVR, KTDS, and MDA, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, serum creatinine and TNF-α protein levels (P < 0.05), and also significantly decreased RBF, SOD, and GPx and Bcl-2 protein expression levels (P < 0.001) in the obstructed kidney and oleuropein (200 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the changes induced by UUO. Our findings showed that oleuropein has a renoprotective effect against 3-day UUO. The mechanisms underlying the observed effects may be related to its antioxidative stress, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Apoptosis , Inflamación/complicaciones , Iridoides/uso terapéutico , Riñón/lesiones , Estrés Oxidativo , Obstrucción Ureteral/tratamiento farmacológico , Obstrucción Ureteral/patología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Creatinina/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Hemodinámica , Glucósidos Iridoides , Iridoides/administración & dosificación , Iridoides/química , Iridoides/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to myelin sheath destruction. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) has several roles in cells, such as inducing inflammation and angiogenesis. Recently, several lines of evidence have indicated the role of the hypoxia response and the HIF-1 signaling pathway in an autoimmune disease such as MS. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of HIF-1α gene polymorphisms and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (as a major target gene of HIF-1α) gene polymorphism on MS susceptibility. METHODS: In total, 150 MS patients and 150 healthy age- and gender-matched people as a control group participated in the present study. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for genotyping. RESULTS: The results obtained showed that the CC genotype of the VEGF rs699947 polymorphism was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p = 0.004). Also, we showed a significant relationship between the VEGF rs699947 polymorphism and MS in a dominant inheritance model (p = 0.005). Regarding the VEGF rs699947 polymorphism allelic distribution, the C allele frequency was significantly higher in the control group than in the case group (71.3% versus 61%, respectively, p = 0.009) and decreased the MS susceptibility by 1.6-fold (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-2.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to HIF-1α rs11549465 genotypic distribution. The HIF-1α C111A polymorphism was non-polymorphic in our study population, except in the case group where nine subjects carried the CA genotype. CONCLUSIONS: We show a significant association between VEGF rs60047 polymorphism and MS susceptibility. However, our results do not show a significant association between MS and HIF-1α polymorphisms.
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Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/genética , Esclerosis Múltiple/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Alelos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genéticaRESUMEN
There is a growing number of studies on the possible biological effects of Wi-Fi radiations on nervous system. In this study we investigated the effect of Wi-Fi exposure on single neuron responses to natural stimuli by using whisker to barrel pathway. This study was done on 29 male Wistar rats. Neuronal spontaneous activity and ON and OFF responses to displacement of principal whisker (PW), adjacent whisker (AW) and combination of PW-AW stimulation (as natural stimuli) were recorded in barrel cortex of anaesthetised rats. A D-link Wi-Fi device was used for 1 h exposure to 2.4 GHz microwaves in data mode (18.2 dBm and 44% for power and duty cycle). A condition test ratio (CTR) was calculated for assessing neuronal integrative properties. Wi-Fi radiations decreased CTR for ON responses. However, neuronal spontaneous activity and ON and OFF responses were not significantly changed following exposure to Wi-Fi signals. The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to Wi-Fi radiation could modulate integrative responses to natural stimuli in barrel cortex.
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Neuronas/efectos de la radiación , Ondas de Radio , Corteza Somatosensorial/efectos de la radiación , Vibrisas/efectos de la radiación , Vías Aferentes/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Cytokines are the main factors involved in the normal functions of the placenta and delivery process. The aim of this project was to compare serum levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) in term and prolonged-pregnancy mothers and their neonates. This study was performed on 240 participants including 60 term and prolonged-pregnancy neonates and their corresponding mothers. Serum levels of IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-ß were evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results revealed that IL-8 serum levels were significantly lower in the prolonged-pregnancy mothers and their neonates when compared with term mothers and their neonates. Data analysis also revealed a negative correlation between TGF-ß and age of prolonged-pregnancy mothers. A poor positive correlation between IL-6 and head circumference of term neonates was also observed. IL-8 may play crucial roles in the process of on-time delivery and age may significantly affect TGF-ß production in prolonged-pregnancy mothers. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, can also be considered as main factors involved in fetal growth.
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Interleucina-8/sangre , Nacimiento a Término/sangre , Adulto , Femenino , Sangre Fetal , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Interleucina-6/sangre , Embarazo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
Health promotion and healthy nutrition significantly increased life expectancy around the world. Aging is associated with an increase in age-related diseases. The use of metformin (Met) as an anti-aging drug has recently been proposed based on its widespread use in clinical practice. Reports have shown that Met acts as an anti-aging agent. In this study, the effects of long-term, 1 year, Met administration on aging-related behaviors and longevity in ovariectomized mice was studied. Met (1 and 10 mg/kg, daily) was administered orally in ovariectomized mice. The anxiety-like behavior, working memory, and physical strength were measured through elevated plus maze, Y-maze, vertical grid holding, and the obligatory swimming capacity tests. Brains were harvested to measure brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level. Also, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to show differences and similarities in survival patterns. Met (10 mg/kg) decreased anxiety-like behaviors as well as increased muscle strength and working memory in the ovariectomized mice. Moreover, Met increased the physical strength and longevity as well as the level of BDNF in the ovariectomized mice. Our results indicate that Met administration can be an effective strategy for having a healthy aging in the absence of female gonadal hormones and reverses deleterious effects of ovariectomy-induced aging possibly through BDNF.
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Envejecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Metformina/farmacología , Sarcopenia/prevención & control , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Envejecimiento/psicología , Animales , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Ansiedad/patología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/fisiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria a Corto Plazo/efectos de los fármacos , Metformina/administración & dosificación , Ratones , Ovariectomía , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cisplatin (CP) is a synthetic and anticancer drug, and one of the major side effects of CP is nephrotoxicity. This study was done to evaluate the renoprotective effects of troxerutin (Tro) in nephrotoxicity induced by CP in male mice. METHODS: In this experimental study, 28 male mice were divided randomly into four groups. Mice were treated with CP (20 mg/kg, i.p.) then Tro (75 and 150 mg/kg/day, po) was administered for three consecutive days. Blood samples were collected to determine serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The kidney tissues were used for histological examination and biochemical assays. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were assessed in renal tissue. RESULTS: Results showed a significant increase in the Cr, BUN and MDA levels and a significant decrease in the renal SOD and GPx activity by CP administration. Treatment with Tro for three consecutive days attenuated these changes. Also, the renoprotective effect of the Tro was confirmed by the histological examination of the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that Tro has protective effects against CP-induced nephrotoxicity through improving the biochemical indices and the oxidative stress parameters.
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Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/prevención & control , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Cisplatino/efectos adversos , Hidroxietilrutósido/análogos & derivados , Animales , Biomarcadores , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hidroxietilrutósido/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Ratones , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the most studied neuropeptides in the brain. In this study, we investigated the effects of CCK-8s and LY225910 (CCK2 receptor antagonist) on properties of neuronal response to natural stimuli (whisker deflection) in deep layers of rat barrel cortex. This study was done on 20 male Wistar rats, weighing 230-260 g. CCK-8s (300 nmol/rat) and LY225910 (1 µmol/rat) were administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). Neuronal responses to deflection of principal (PW) and adjacent (AW) whiskers were recorded in the barrel cortex using tungsten microelectrodes. Computer controlled mechanical displacement was used to deflect whiskers individually or in combination at 30 ms inter-stimulus intervals. ON and OFF responses for PW and AW deflections were measured. A condition-test ratio (CTR) was computed to quantify neuronal responses to whisker interaction. ICV administration of CCK-8s and LY225910 had heterogeneous effects on neuronal spontaneous activity, ON and OFF responses to PW and/or AW deflections, and CTR for both ON and OFF responses. The results of this study demonstrated that CCK-8s can modulate neuronal response properties in deep layers of rat barrel cortex probably via CCK2 receptors.
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Potenciales de Acción/fisiología , Corteza Cerebral/citología , Colecistoquinina/metabolismo , Neuronas/fisiología , Vibrisas/fisiología , Potenciales de Acción/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Colecistoquinina/agonistas , Colecistoquinina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inyecciones Intraventriculares , Masculino , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Nootrópicos/farmacología , Estimulación Física , Quinazolinonas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tiempo de Reacción/efectos de los fármacos , Sincalida/análogos & derivados , Sincalida/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The major side effect of gentamicin (GEN) is nephrotoxicity which in turn restricts the clinical use of this drug. In this study, the effect of gallic acid (GA) on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was studied. A total number of 28 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: control, GEN (100 mg/kg/day), GEN + GA (30 mg/kg/day), GA (30 mg/kg/day). All drug administrations were done intraperitoneally (i.p) for eight consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, blood samples were collected to determine serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The right kidney was used for histological examination. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were assayed in left renal tissue. Results showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA, NO, Cr, and BUN and decrease of GSH, CAT, GPx, and SOD by GEN administration. Co-administration with GA showed reduction in the levels of MDA, NO, Cr, and BUN and increase in GSH, CAT, GPx, and SOD. Also, the nephroprotective effect of GA was confirmed by the histological examination of the kidneys. The results of our study showed that GA exerts a significant nephroprotective effect against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Gentamicinas/toxicidad , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales/prevención & control , Animales , Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Creatinina/sangre , Ácido Gálico/química , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Estructura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico , Inhibidores de la Síntesis de la Proteína/farmacología , ARN Mensajero , RatasRESUMEN
Our objective was to evaluate the differences between tumoral vascular pattern of renal cell carcinoma and fat-poor angiomyolipoma by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. All included patients had a definitive pathological diagnosis of either angiomyolipoma or renal cell carcinoma, and then the contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of these patients were evaluated. The patients who had visible prominent vessels in cross-sectional imaging were selected. The tumor vascular pattern (prominent (>2 mm) intratumoral and peritumoral vessels), density, and diameter of the vessels in renal cell carcinoma and fat-poor angiomyolipoma were evaluated. All cases (n = 12) with fat-poor angiomyolipoma were found to have intratumoral vessels and all cases (n = 36) with clear cell renal cell carcinoma were found to have peritumoral vessels. There was no significant correlation detected between the diameter of tumor and the density as well as diameter of the vessels. In conclusion, the evaluation of the vascular pattern using contrast enhancement contrast-enhanced computed tomography may provide important information that is useful in helping accurate differential diagnosis of fat-poor angiomyolipoma or renal cell carcinoma preoperatively.
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Angiomiolipoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Renales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Renales/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Adulto , Angiomiolipoma/irrigación sanguínea , Carcinoma de Células Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Medios de Contraste , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
GABAC receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels and have important roles in some neurological functions like vision. Recent investigations demonstrated that these receptors are also expressed in the somatosensory cortex. In this study, we investigated the effect of (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (TPMPA) (GABAC receptor antagonist) on the properties of the neuronal response to natural stimuli (whisker deflection) in deep layers of rat barrel cortex. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats, weighing 230-260 g, were used in this study. TPMPA (100 µmol/rat) was administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). Neuronal responses to deflection of principal (PW) and adjacent (AW) whiskers were recorded in barrel cortex using tungsten microelectrodes. A computer-controlled mechanical displacement was used to deflect whiskers individually or in combination at 30 ms inter-stimulus intervals. ON and OFF responses for PW and AW deflections were measured. A condition-test ratio (CTR) was computed to quantify neuronal responses to whisker interactions. Our data suggest that ICV administration of TPMPA increased neuronal spontaneous activity, ON and OFF responses to PW, and/or AW deflections. However, CTR for neither ON nor OFF responses changed following TPMPA administration. The results of this study demonstrated that inhibition of GABAC receptors by TPMPA can modulate neuronal response properties in rat barrel cortex.
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Antagonistas del GABA/farmacología , Neuronas/metabolismo , Ácidos Fosfínicos/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacología , Receptores de GABA/metabolismo , Corteza Somatosensorial/fisiología , Animales , Masculino , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de GABA/efectos de los fármacos , Vibrisas/inervaciónRESUMEN
Wireless internet (Wi-Fi) electromagnetic waves (2.45 GHz) have widespread usage almost everywhere, especially in our homes. Considering the recent reports about some hazardous effects of Wi-Fi signals on the nervous system, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation on multisensory integration in rats. This experimental study was done on 80 male Wistar rats that were allocated into exposure and sham groups. Wi-Fi exposure to 2.4 GHz microwaves [in Service Set Identifier mode (23.6 dBm and 3% for power and duty cycle, respectively)] was done for 30 days (12 h/day). Cross-modal visual-tactile object recognition (CMOR) task was performed by four variations of spontaneous object recognition (SOR) test including standard SOR, tactile SOR, visual SOR, and CMOR tests. A discrimination ratio was calculated to assess the preference of animal to the novel object. The expression levels of M1 and GAT1 mRNA in the hippocampus were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Results demonstrated that rats in Wi-Fi exposure groups could not discriminate significantly between the novel and familiar objects in any of the standard SOR, tactile SOR, visual SOR, and CMOR tests. The expression of M1 receptors increased following Wi-Fi exposure. In conclusion, results of this study showed that chronic exposure to Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves might impair both unimodal and cross-modal encoding of information.
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Radiación Electromagnética , Internet , Patrones de Reconocimiento Fisiológico/efectos de la radiación , Reconocimiento en Psicología/efectos de la radiación , Percepción del Tacto/efectos de la radiación , Percepción Visual/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Discriminación en Psicología/fisiología , Discriminación en Psicología/efectos de la radiación , Proteínas Transportadoras de GABA en la Membrana Plasmática/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de la radiación , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Actividad Motora/efectos de la radiación , Patrones de Reconocimiento Fisiológico/fisiología , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptor Muscarínico M1/metabolismo , Percepción del Tacto/fisiología , Percepción Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Pistacia vera is a plant of the family Anacardiaceae found in Central and West Asia. P. vera nut (Pistachio) possess multiple pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial, anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. This study is designed to evaluate the protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of pistachio on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. METHODS: Nephrotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days). Hydroalcoholic extract of pistachio (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o) was administered for 7 days. The nephroprotective activity was evaluated by determining creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, urine volume, urine glucose and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The kidneys were processed for histopathological examinations and all specimens were examined for morphologic parameters involving tubular degeneration, tubular necrosis and tubule interstitial nephritis. RESULTS: Results showed a significant increase in the levels of serum creatinine, urine volume, urine glucose and BUN and decrease of creatinine clearance by gentamicin (GA) administration. Co-administration with pistachio extract showed reduction in the levels of serum creatinine, urine volume, urine glucose and BUN and increase of creatinine clearance in all doses but the most significant alteration was observed in doses of 100 mg/kg. Also, the nephroprotective effect of the GA was confirmed by the histological examination of the kidneys. CONCLUSION: The study revealed the nephroprotective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of pistachio. These findings suggest that pistachio treatment may attenuate renal dysfunction and structural damage through the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney.
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Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Pistacia/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Creatinina/sangre , Gentamicinas/toxicidad , Humanos , Riñón , Enfermedades Renales/sangre , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Pruebas de Función Renal , Masculino , Metanol/química , Nueces/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Urea/sangreRESUMEN
Objective: Pistacia vera is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat various disorders. This study aims to investigate the anti-anemia and hepatoprotective effects of Pistacia vera pericarp extract (PVPE) in a rat model of phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anemia. Materials and Methods: PVPE was prepared using the maceration method. The extract was administered at doses of 20, 80, and 160 mg/kg for 28 days to normal and PHZ-treated rats. The effects of PVPE were evaluated in terms of changes in biochemical, histological, hematological, and molecular biomarkers in the liver and blood. Results: Administration of PVPE to the anemic animals significantly restored these deleterious effects on hematological parameters compared to the anemic group. Kupffer cell activation was seen in the liver tissue of the anemic rats. Administration of PVPE mitigated these deleterious effects. Conclusion: PVPE has potent antioxidant activity and may represent a promising treatment for anemia and liver protection in clinical settings.
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Gemfibrozil (GFZ) is a medication of the fibrate category with agonistic effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and is effective for hypertriglyceridemia and mixed dyslipidemia. This agent also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study investigated the effects of GFZ on hepatorenal damages in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging model. We used 28 male mice, which were equally and randomly divided into four groups as follows: normal, D-gal (150 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal [i.p.], for 6 weeks), GFZ (100 mg/kg/day GFZ, orally [p.o.] for 6 weeks), and the combined D-gal + GFZ. Liver and kidney function indices were measured as serum creatinine, blood urine nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Oxidative stress in hepatic and renal tissue was evaluated through malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels. Finally, the liver and kidney tissues were assessed for histopathological lesions. The results showed that D-gal-induced aging leads to abnormalities in liver and kidney function indices. D-gal also induced significant oxidative stress and histopathological lesions in these organs. GFZ improved function indices and oxidative stress compared to the D-gal-treated animals. Histological evaluations of the liver and kidney also confirmed these results. These data provide evidence for the potential therapeutic of GFZ in clinical practice for mitigating the hepatorenal damages of aging.
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Envejecimiento , Gemfibrozilo , Masculino , Ratones , Animales , Gemfibrozilo/farmacología , Gemfibrozilo/metabolismo , Hígado , Estrés Oxidativo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipolipemiantes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Adriamycin (ADR), an antineoplastic drug, is widely used to treat different types of cancers. Yet, the usage is limited because of its severe side effects on testis. On the other hand, gemfibrozil (GEM), as an anti-hyperlipidemic drug, has other pharmacological effects independent of lipid- lowering activity including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present experiment was designed to investigate the effect of GEM on ADR-induced testicular injury in male rats. A total of 28 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: Control; ADR; ADR + GEM; GEM. Serum level of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were assessed. Also, testicular tissue oxidant/antioxidant markers (malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1ß) were measured. Histopathological studies were conducted on testes. GEM improved hormonal profile and antioxidant defenses in comparison with ADR-treated animals. GEM, significantly reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines compared with ADR-treated animals. Hormonal and biochemical results were further supported by testicular histopathological findings. Thus, GEM might represent a promising therapeutic modality for the attenuation of testicular injury induced by ADR in clinic.
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Antioxidantes , Doxorrubicina , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Doxorrubicina/toxicidad , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Gemfibrozilo/farmacología , Gemfibrozilo/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Estrés Oxidativo , Testículo/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The current investigation was considered to evaluate the beneficial effects of gentisic acid (GA) on gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidneys through assessment of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological changes. Rats were split into five equal groups. Rats were treated with GA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 14 consecutive days and GEN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated from day 8 to day 14 of the experiment. On the 15th day, blood samples were collected to determine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and nitric oxide (NO) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were assessed in the renal tissue. Histopathological evaluations were done to confirm the biochemical results. GEN increased the levels of NGAL, KIM-1, BUN, and Cr in serum as well as MDA, NO, GSH, TNF-α, and IL-1ß in renal tissue. Moreover, GEN administration reduced the activity of CAT, SOD, and GPx in renal tissue. Nonetheless, the administration of GA before and alongside GEN mitigated these deleterious effects. In conclusion, GA has a beneficial effect on biochemical, inflammatory, and oxidative stress indices against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Gentamicinas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Ratas , Animales , Gentamicinas/toxicidad , Lipocalina 2/metabolismo , Lipocalina 2/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Antioxidantes/metabolismoRESUMEN
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a leading cause of lower back pain. Although the etiology of IVD degeneration (IVDD) is unclear, excessive oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and disruption of autophagy play an important role in the pathogenesis of IVDD. Therefore, finding a solution to mitigate these processes could stop or reduce the development of IVDD. Melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, plays an important role in regulating cartilage tissue hemostasis. Melatonin inhibits the destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the disc. Melatonin preserves ECM contents, including sox-9, aggrecan, and collagen II through inhibiting matrix degeneration enzymes such as MMP-13. These protective effects may be mediated by the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and regulation of autophagy in IVD cells.
Asunto(s)
Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral , Disco Intervertebral , Melatonina , Apoptosis , Autofagia , Humanos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Disco Intervertebral/metabolismo , Disco Intervertebral/patología , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/metabolismo , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/prevención & control , Melatonina/metabolismo , Melatonina/farmacología , Melatonina/uso terapéutico , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
Gemfibrozil (GFZ) is a lipid-lowering drug with several other effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, chronic d-galactose treatment (d-gal, 150 mg/kg/day; i.p., 6 weeks) induced a model of accelerated aging in male mice and was used to study the behavioral, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective effects of GFZ (100 mg/kg/day; p.o.). Anxiety-like behaviors were assessed using the elevated plus-maze while working memory was measured by spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze. Brain oxidative stress was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Neuropathological evaluation of the brain with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining was also performed. The results demonstrated that the anxious-like phenotype and the cognitive impairments observed in d-gal-treated mice could be prevented in those animals coadministered with GFZ. Besides, the decrease in SOD and GPx antioxidant enzymatic activities and increase of MDA levels were also prevented in the brains of d-gal plus GFZ treated mice. Preliminary hematoxylin-eosin staining also suggested neuroprotective effects of GFZ. The results of Masson's trichrome staining showed no evidence of fibrosis in brain sections of different experimental groups. The current data provide novel insights into GFZ in the d-galactose-induced aging mouse model that open promising future research lines to determine inflammatory mediators and cell signaling underlying these effects.