Creating a Transgender-Inclusive Interventional Radiology Department.

Transgender (TG) people are individuals who experience an incongruity between their gender and the sex they were assigned at birth. Constituting 0.5%-2% of the population, TG individuals experience greater rates of discrimination, even in health care. Up to 23% of transgender people report having been refused basic medical care based on their gender identity, leading many to avoid seeking care. Familiarity of health care providers with TG issues and terminology has been shown to improve the experience of TG individuals in health care. This article aims to familiarize interventional radiologists with the TG community and provide actionable goals for creating an affirming, inclusive department.

Pretransplant Psoas Muscle Cross-Sectional Area and Postkidney Transplant Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes in end-stage kidney disease. We evaluated if pretransplant sarcopenia affects posttransplant outcomes in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study of adult patients with end-stage kidney disease, we analyzed the association between pre-KT psoas muscle cross-sectional area and critical posttransplant outcomes of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), graft loss, rehospitalization, and mortality using Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, and race. RESULTS: Pre-KT abdomen and pelvic computed tomography scans performed during evaluation for KT eligibility were available for 573 KT recipients. Of these, 465 KT recipients received kidney alone transplant, 71 received simultaneous liver kidney transplant (SLK), and 37 received simultaneous pancreas kidney transplant (SPK). Patients were 49 (SD, 13) years old, 16% Black, and 60% men. For kidney alone transplant recipients, a higher psoas muscle cross-sectional area was associated with a shorter length of hospitalization (ß coefficient = -0.003; 95% CI, -0.005 to -0.0007). Conversely, pre-KT psoas muscle cross-sectional area did not predict decline in eGFR, graft loss, mortality, or early rehospitalization. For SLK recipients, psoas muscle cross-sectional area did not predict any of the priori outcomes. For SPK recipients, higher pretransplant psoas muscle cross-sectional area predicted a longer length of hospitalization (ß coefficient = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05). There was no association between psoas muscle cross-sectional area and other outcomes assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Pretransplant psoas muscle cross-sectional areas are not predictive of post-transplant decline in eGFR, graft loss, rehospitalization or mortality in kidney alone, SPK, or SLK transplants.

Delayed presentation of splenic rupture following colonoscopy: clinical and CT findings.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and CT findings in patients with symptomatic colonoscopy-induced splenic rupture, and to assess for common features among this cohort. Multi-center search yielded 11 adults with symptomatic splenic injury related to colonoscopy. Workup included abdominal CT in 10 (91%) cases and abdominal radiography in two patients (one patient had both). Colonoscopy findings, post-procedural course, and CT findings were systematically reviewed. Mean patient age was 62.2 years (range, 51-84 years); 8 (73%) of 11 were female. The majority (64%) of colonoscopies were for screening. No immediate complications were reported at optical colonoscopy; tortuosity/redundancy was noted in five cases. Except for a small (8 mm) polyp in one case and a large (10 mm) polyp in another, the remaining nine patients had either diminutive or no polyps. Only one patient presented with hemodynamic instability during post-colonoscopy recovery; the other ten had a delayed presentation ranging from 8 h to 8 days (mean, 2.1 days). All 11 patients presented with abdominal pain. CT was diagnostic for splenic injury with subcaspular and/or perisplenic hematoma in all ten CT cases. Hemoperitoneum was present in eight, visible splenic laceration in three cases, and splenic artery pseudoaneurysm in one case. Five patients underwent splenectomy (four emergent) and six patients were treated conservatively. Average hospital stay was 5.5 days (range, 3-10 days). Colonoscopy-induced splenic rupture characteristically presents as a delayed and often serious complication. In cases of apparent non-traumatic splenic hematoma or rupture at CT, eliciting a history of recent colonoscopy may identify the etiology.

MRI findings of absorbable hydrogel spacer for prostate cancer therapy: a pictorial review.

Prior studies have shown that dose-escalated radiation therapy for prostate cancer improves clinical outcomes. However, this is associated with increased rectal toxicity. Hydrogel spacer for prostate cancer therapy is an effective way of decreasing rectal toxicity in the late post-therapeutic stages. In some occasions, the gel spacer may not be placed symmetrically between the rectum and prostate. There are several forms of a malpositioned spacer, including lateral displacement, rectal wall infiltration, and prostate capsule infiltration. This manuscript is aimed at evaluating appropriately positioned and malpositioned gel spacers, primarily via magnetic resonance imaging. There are limited educational imaging guides that address what radiologists should evaluate on post-spacer placement imaging. This pictorial review will specifically evaluate post-injection pitfalls such as asymmetry, rectal wall infiltration, and subcapsular injection.

Implementing Contrast Reaction Management Training for Residents Through High-Fidelity Simulation.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Adverse reactions to intravenous contrast for radiologic examinations can result in significant patient morbidity and mortality. It is critical that radiologists be proficient at recognizing and treating reactions in a timely and appropriate manner. Therefore, we developed a hands-on simulation curriculum to improve residents' ability and comfort in recognizing and responding to contrast reactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast reaction management simulations were performed in 2016 and 2017 with 25 and 26 resident participants, respectively. Participants completed pre- and postsimulation surveys both years to assess knowledge and comfort in managing contrast reactions. RESULTS: In 2016, 25 participants answered 12 questions assessing knowledge of contrast reaction management. Percentage of correct answers increased from pre- to postsurvey in 83% of questions (10/12). Participants indicated their comfort level in managing contrast reactions increased on all six questions from pre- to postsurvey. In 2017, 26 participants answered 14 questions assessing knowledge of contrast reaction management. Similarly, percentage of correct answers increased from pre- to postsurvey in 86% of questions (12/14). Participant comfort levels also increased on all six questions from pre- to postsurvey. Subgroup analysis performed on 19 participants who completed the curriculum both years demonstrated further improvement in knowledge and comfort after completing the second year, showing added benefit of repeated simulation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that incorporating high-fidelity contrast reaction management simulation into resident education improves both residents' knowledge and comfort in managing reactions. We have therefore incorporated annual contrast reaction simulation as a standard component of our residency curriculum.