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1.
Lasers Med Sci ; 37(1): 193-204, 2022 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33417067

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to assess potential combination effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with Sida tuberculata extracts on the oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, as well as on the inflammatory process. Rats with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were treated with S. tuberculata extracts and PBMT (904 nm, 18 J/cm2). The animals were evaluated for nociception and edema. The blood, knee lavage and structures, spinal cord, and brainstem were collected for biochemical analyses (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, superoxide dismutase activity, non-protein thiol levels, and measurement of nitrite/nitrate). The knee structures were also used to measure cytokine levels. PBMT lowered the damage due to oxidative stress in the knee and at distant sites from the lesion. PBMT also reduced the levels of nitric oxide and cytokines, which could explain the nociception reduction mechanism. Similarly, S. tuberculata decreased the damage by oxidative stress, levels of nitrite/nitrate, and cytokines. The therapy combination reduced levels of cytokines and nitrite/nitrate. PBMT and S. tuberculata extracts reduced the oxidative stress and inflammation. It is noteworthy that PBMT increased the antioxidant activity in the knee and at sites distant from the lesion, contributing to a more significant decrease in nociception. The combination of therapies did not present significant effects on the analyzed parameters. Therefore, it is suggested that PBM is sufficient to minimize the signs and symptoms of the knee OA in our rat model.


Asunto(s)
Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Animales , Inflamación/metabolismo , Articulación de la Rodilla/metabolismo , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/radioterapia , Carbonilación Proteica , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
2.
Phytother Res ; 33(1): 224-233, 2019 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30375066

RESUMEN

Sida tuberculata R.E.Fr. (Malvaceae) is a medicinal plant widely found in Southern Brazil, and popularly used for inflammatory disorders and to pain relief. A phytochemical analysis followed by an investigation about antinociceptive potential and mechanism of action were performed with leaves and roots extracts. Methanolic extracts, designated as S. tuberculata leaves extract (STLE) and S. tuberculata roots extract, were analyzed both by UHPLC­MS. The in vivo antinociceptive potential of STLE (10­300 mg kg−1) was assessed in mice subjected to the acetic acid­induced abdominal writhes and formalin model. Agonist/antagonist tests and computational docking suggest the involvement of opioid and adenosinergic systems. The main chemical class detected on extracts was the ecdysteroids, and 20­hydoxyecdysone (20HE) was confirmed as the major phytoconstituent. The pretreatment with STLE (100 mg kg−1) reduced more than 70% abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid model and produced significant inhibition on formalin­induced licking response. The mechanism of action study revealed STLE might act through opioid and adenosine systems. Molecular docking suggested kaempferol derivative and 20HE might interacting with µ­opioid receptor. Thus, the results suggest the existence of antinociceptive potential from S. tuberculata extracts being in accordance to the traditional use.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/farmacología , Malvaceae/química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Nocicepción , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ácido Acético , Animales , Conducta Animal , Brasil , Formaldehído , Masculino , Metanol , Ratones , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinales/química
3.
Int J Med Sci ; 12(6): 478-86, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26078708

RESUMEN

The literature indicates that red wine presents in its composition several substances that are beneficial to health. This study has investigated the antioxidant effects of Tannat red wine on oxidative stress induced by glucose and fructose in erythrocytes in vitro, with the purpose to determine some of its majoritarian phenolic compounds and its antioxidant capacity. Erythrocytes were incubated using different concentrations of glucose and fructose in the presence or absence of wine. From these erythrocytes were determined the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), glucose consumption, and osmotic fragility. Moreover, quantification of total phenolic, gallic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, resveratrol, and DPPH scavenging activity in wine were also assessed. Red wine showed high levels of polyphenols analyzed, as well as high antioxidant potential. Erythrocytes incubated with glucose and fructose had an increase in lipid peroxidation and this was prevented by the addition of wine. The wine increased glucose uptake into erythrocytes and was able to decrease the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes incubated with fructose. Altogether, these results suggest that wine leads to a reduction of the oxidative stress induced by high concentrations of glucose and fructose.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Vino , Antioxidantes/química , Ácidos Cafeicos/química , Fructosa/química , Fructosa/metabolismo , Glucosa/química , Glucosa/metabolismo , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Tiobarbitúricos/química
4.
Cell Biol Int ; 38(5): 625-30, 2014 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24470283

RESUMEN

Diabetic status is associated with an increase on oxidative stress markers in humans and animal models. We have investigated the in vitro effects of high concentrations of glucose on the profile of oxidative stress and osmotic fragility of blood from control and diabetic patients; we considered whether its antioxidant properties could afford some protection against glucose-induced osmotic fragility, and whether ebselen could act as an inhibitor of hemoglobin glycation. Raising blood glucose to 5-100 mmol/L resulted in a concentration-dependent increase of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P < 0.001) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBA-RS) content (P < 0.004). Non-protein SH groups (NPSH) also increased significantly as the concentration of glucose increased up to 30 mmol/L (P < 0.001). The osmotic fragility was more pronounced in blood of uncontrolled diabetic patients than in these non-diabetic subjects. Ebselen significantly reduced the glucose-induced increase in osmotic fragility and inhibited HbA1c formation (P < 0.0001). These results indicate that blood from patients with uncontrolled diabetes are more sensitive to osmotic shock than from patients with controlled diabetes and control subjects in relation to increased production of free radicals in vivo.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Azoles/farmacología , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Glucosa/toxicidad , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Glicosilación/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Isoindoles , Fragilidad Osmótica/efectos de los fármacos , Fragilidad Osmótica/fisiología
5.
J Anat ; 222(2): 223-30, 2013 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23231035

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of cryotherapy on the biochemical and morphological changes in ischemic and reperfused (I/R) gastrocnemius muscle of rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into control and I/R groups, and divided based on whether or not the rats were submitted to cryotherapy. Following the reperfusion period, biochemical and morphological analyses were performed. Following cryotherapy, a reduction in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and dichlorofluorescein oxidation levels were observed in I/R muscle. Cryotherapy in I/R muscle also minimized effects such as decreased cellular viability, levels of non-protein thiols and calcium ATPase activity as well as increased catalase activity. Cryotherapy also limited mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased the presence of neutrophils in I/R muscle, an effect that was corroborated by reduced myeloperoxidase activity in I/R muscle treated with cryotherapy. The effects of cryotherapy are associated with a reduction in the intensity of the inflammatory response and also with a decrease in mitochondrial dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Crioterapia , Isquemia/terapia , Músculo Esquelético/irrigación sanguínea , Daño por Reperfusión/terapia , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/fisiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Isquemia/enzimología , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Masculino , Mitocondrias Musculares/enzimología , Músculo Esquelético/enzimología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión/enzimología , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatología
6.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35490925

RESUMEN

The Green racer Philodryas patagoniensis is a snake species from South America and accidents with this genus are often neglected. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicological, cytotoxic, and inflammatory potential of P. patagoniensis venom (PpV). The experimental model Artemia salina was used to determine toxicity through the median lethal dose (LD50). Cell viability and genotoxicity were evaluated in human mononuclear cells using the Trypan blue test and the Comet assay, respectively. To assess inflammation, mice had the ventral surface of the right hind paw injected with saline, formalin, and three different concentrations of venom (1, 1.5, and 2 µg. 50 µL-1). LD50 in A. salina was 461 µg. mL-1. PpV caused a significant increase in cell death and genotoxicity in human mononuclear cells at two concentrations (575 and 1150 µg. mL-1). PpV shown also to be a strong agent causing nociception in mice. Paw edema totaled four days at 1.5 µg. 50 µL-1. The hyperalgesia caused by the venom had a long duration in mice, lasting eight days at all concentrations evaluated. Thus, we evaluated for the first time the toxicological potential of PpV in A. salina model and in leukocytes. We concluded that systemic oxidative stress, which we infer to be in the genesis of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity observed in vitro, and the inflammatory process are part of the pathways that trigger the venom damage cascades. Relevant data for both scientific research and clinical medicine. Nonetheless, studies are needed to elucidate these mechanisms.


Asunto(s)
Colubridae , Venenos de Serpiente , Animales , Colubridae/metabolismo , Edema/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Ratones , Venenos de Serpiente/metabolismo
7.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 287: 114956, 2022 Apr 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34965457

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Sida tuberculata R. E. Fries (Malvaceae) is a pioneer species considered a weed in farm fields in Southern Brazil. Widely distributed in South Brazil, S. tuberculata is popularly used to treat inflammatory conditions. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The current study aimed to assess the in vitro cytotoxic and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of S. tuberculata. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially, extracts obtained from leaves (STLE) and roots (STRE) were submitted to cytotoxicity tests using human leukocytes (non-malignant cell line) and HepG2 and MCF-7 (tumor cell lines). In sequence, anti-inflammatory properties were investigated against carrageenan-induced peritonitis model. RESULTS: In vitro analyses displayed a significant decrease in human leukocytes viability without genotoxic damage. IC50 results from tumor cells presented significant decrease in cell viability, slightly more pronounced for STRE. In addition, STLE significantly inhibited the inflammatory and oxidative parameters (TBARS, NPSH, SOD, MPO activity, cell influx, and cytokines release). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate S. tuberculata extracts have cytotoxic potential more pronounced on tumor cell lines, as well as leaves extract shows a significant reduction in acute inflammation process, as already reported for Sida genus and specifically for this species.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sida (Planta)/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Células MCF-7 , Masculino , Ratones , Peritonitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Peritonitis/patología
8.
Toxicol Res (Camb) ; 10(4): 928-936, 2021 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34484684

RESUMEN

The Golden trumpet Handroanthus chrysotrichus is a tree that presents beneficial health properties against various diseases. Thus, this study aims to verify the toxicity of H. chrysotrichus bark extract, observing the effects of exposure to this extract in mice. For this, mice were separated in groups: saline (sterile solution .9%); H. chrysotrichus crude extract (HCCE) 10; HCCE 50, and HCCE 100 mg. kg-1 (p.o.). We analyzed HCCE effects on acute (single exposure) and subchronic protocol (14 days exposure). After both exposures, acute, and subchronic, we collected samples from blood, brain, liver, and kidney tissues for biochemical evaluation. In addition, after subchronic exposure, we performed behavioral tests. Acute exposure caused an increase of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue. Moreover, we observed a significant carbonyl increase in liver and brain tissues from HCCE 50 mg. kg-1. Kidneys presented carbonyl increase in mice treated with the highest concentration. Besides, creatinine increased in the group of the acute exposure at HCCE 100 mg. kg-1. Total leukocyte count decreased in all concentrations tested. Sub-chronic exposure at HCCE 100 mg. kg-1 caused a decrease in the number of crossing and an increase in its self-grooming frequency in the open field test. In this exposure, the brain and liver had a significant increase in carbonyl levels in all concentrations. We concluded that H. chrysotrichus cause behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice. HCCE primary targets seem to be the liver, kidneys, and white cells.

9.
Chemosphere ; 270: 128638, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33268092

RESUMEN

Phytoremediation is a technique that reduces the impact and environmental toxicity of toxic agents. Plectranthus neochilus, a species of aromatic plant, has already promoted phytoremediation of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). In addition, it was unclear whether the degradation of 2,4-D alone allows for a non-toxic environment (decontamination efficiency). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to verify the changes of the volatile compounds and concentrated essential oil of P. neochilus after phytoremediation of 2,4-D and the subsequent antibacterial activity of this essential oil concentrate. In addition, the toxicity of the plant's tea and the aqueous medium (waste) after the decontamination of 2,4-D was analyzed. The exposure to 2,4-D did not cause many changes in the volatile compounds, nor in the essential oil concentrate from the plant. Therefore, this essential oil concentrate can be used as an antimicrobial after phytoremediation. Regarding the use of this plant in tea form, it was found to be unsafe, even after phytoremediation, as this tea was toxic to the Drosophila melanogaster model (death of up to 100% of flies). The aqueous medium after 2,4-D phytoremediation became less toxic than the initial one (bioassays with Artemia salina and Allium cepa in the waste groups). However, the efficiency of phytoremediation with this plant must be improved. Therefore, we are performing new studies with P. necohilus and 2,4-D in aqueous medium.


Asunto(s)
Aceites Volátiles , Plectranthus , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético/toxicidad , Animales , Biodegradación Ambiental , Drosophila melanogaster
10.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 248: 112277, 2020 Feb 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31606533

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) cause pain and edema, as well as unbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant activity. These problems interfere with the articular function, leading to a significant loss of life quality. Sida tuberculata R.E.Fr. is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Malvaceae family found in southern Brazil. This plant has traditionally been consumed as an aqueous extract and popularly used in the treatment of many diseases, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, reducing pain and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY: To verify the effects of S. tuberculata extract obtained from leaves on oxidative, toxic and nociceptive parameters induced by knee OA in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aqueous extracts of S. tuberculata were evaluated under phytochemical analyses. Knee Osteoarthritis was induced in rats with monosodium iodoacetate (1.5 mg/50 µl) and treated with S. tuberculata extract. The animals were treated orally with 3 doses of S. tuberculata extract (STE): 1.5, 5 and 15 mg/ml, for 14 days. For biochemical analyses, the following tests were performed: lipid peroxidation, carbonylated protein content, superoxide dismutase activity, non-protein thiol levels and myeloperoxidase activity. For the evaluation of pain and edema we verify mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, spontaneous pain observation and measurement of knee edema with a caliper. For histological evaluations, the animal knee joints were removed. For toxicity evaluation, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and urea, as well as the relative weight of the organs were analyzed. RESULTS: The S. tuberculata phytochemical analyses showed the majority peak corresponding to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE). The plant extract decreased damages related to oxidative stress in the blood serum (lipid peroxidation and carbonyl content) Overall, the STE 5 mg Group presented the greater statistical significance, in the blood serum samples, in relation to the other groups, being the most relevant result. The S. tuberculata groups presented pain decrease, lower neutrophil activity in the knee, and increased blood serum activity. The animals of S. tuberculata groups showed a decrease in mechanical hyperalgesia. The animals treated also presented lower scores for spontaneous pain. It was observed that the dose of 5 mg presented, once again, more expressive results, since the animals of this group had a higher frequency (greater number of days) with significant decrease of pain. In the histological analysis, in the STE 5 mg group, the articular cartilage lesions were observed at an intermediate point between the damage found in the MIA and Diclofenac groups. Besides that, the STE did not show significant changes in oxidative stress damage in liver and kidney samples. Blood serum samples did not indicate significant differences in liver and renal function. As well as, there were no differences in mean relative body weights in relation to control groups (Salina and MIA). CONCLUSION: S. tuberculata reduced the damage due to oxidative stress and pain caused by knee osteoarthritis in rats. In addition, the extract presented no toxicity. Our results suggest that S. tuberculata seems to have a therapeutic potential in the osteoarthritis treatment.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Malvaceae , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cartílago Articular/efectos de los fármacos , Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismo , Edema/patología , Articulación de la Rodilla/efectos de los fármacos , Articulación de la Rodilla/patología , Masculino , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/metabolismo , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo
11.
J Biophotonics ; 13(1): e201900204, 2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31568634

RESUMEN

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that causes pain and gradual degeneration of the articular cartilage. In this study, MIA-induced OA knee model was used in rats to test the effects of the photobiomodulation therapy (PBM). We analyzed the inflammatory process (pain and cytokine levels), and its influence on the oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Knee OA was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) intra-articular injection (1.5 mg/50 µL) and the rats were treated with eight sessions of PBM 3 days/week (904 nm, 6 or 18 J/cm2 ). For each animal, mechanical and cold hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain were evaluated; biological analyses were performed in blood serum, intra-articular lavage, knee structures, spinal cord and brainstem. Cytokine assays were performed in knee, spinal cord and brainstem samples. The effects of the 18 J/cm2 dose of PBM were promising in reducing pain and neutrophil activity in knee samples, together with reducing oxidative stress damage in blood serum and spinal cord samples. PBM improved the antioxidant capacity in blood serum and brainstem, and decreased the knee pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Our study demonstrated that PBM decreased oxidative damage, inflammation and pain. Therefore, this therapy could be an important tool in the treatment of knee OA.


Asunto(s)
Cartílago Articular , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Animales , Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/terapia , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas
12.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1778(4): 1141-7, 2008 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18187036

RESUMEN

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the diffusion rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through the plasma membrane decreases during adaptation to H2O2 by means of a mechanism that is still unknown. Here, evidence is presented that during adaptation to H2O2 the anisotropy of the plasma membrane increases. Adaptation to H2O2 was studied at several times (15min up to 90min) by applying the steady-state H2O2 delivery model. For wild-type cells, the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy increased after 30min, or 60min, when using 2-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid (2-AS), or diphenylhexatriene (DPH) membrane probe, respectively. Moreover, a 40% decrease in plasma membrane permeability to H2O2 was observed at 15min with a concomitant two-fold increase in catalase activity. Disruption of the ergosterol pathway, by knocking out either ERG3 or ERG6, prevents the changes in anisotropy during H2O2 adaptation. H2O2 diffusion through the plasma membrane in S. cerevisiae cells is not mediated by aquaporins since the H2O2 permeability constant is not altered in the presence of the aquaporin inhibitor mercuric chloride. Altogether, these results indicate that the regulation of the plasma membrane permeability towards H2O2 is mediated by modulation of the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane.


Asunto(s)
Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Adaptación Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Anisotropía , Acuaporinas/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico/efectos de los fármacos , Fenómenos Biofísicos , Biofisica , Fluidez de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Mutación/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo
13.
Acta Biochim Pol ; 56(1): 125-34, 2009.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19238257

RESUMEN

In this work was investigated the effect of pre-treatment with (PhSe)(2) and (PhTe)(2) on chemical seizure and 4-aminopyridine-induced lethality in mice. Additionally, lipid peroxidation levels of whole brain after treatment with 4-aminopyridine and effect of pre-treatment with (PhSe)(2) and (PhTe)(2) on these levels were investigated. Mice were pre-treated with (PhSe)(2) or (PhTe)(2) (50, 100, or 150 micromol/kg) 30 min before 4-aminopyridine (12 mg/kg) administration. The treatment with 4-aminopyridine caused a significant incidence of seizures (clonic, tonic) and death. Pre-treatment with (PhSe)(2) and (PhTe)(2) significantly increased the latency for clonic and tonic seizures, and prevented 4-aminopyridine-induced death. Significantly, the pre-treatment with (PhSe)(2) or (PhTe)(2) increased the latency for clonic seizures in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, a significant increase was observed in the brain lipid peroxidation level after treatment with 4-aminopyridine, which was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with 150 micromol/kg (PhSe)(2) or (PhTe)(2). These results demonstrate that (PhSe)(2) and (PhTe)(2) counteract the harmful effects of 4-aminopyridine. It is possible that this effect results from modulation of the redox state of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and/or of Ca(2+) channel activity with subsequent alteration in neurotransmitter release. Importantly, this study provides evidence for anticonvulsant and antioxidant properties of (PhSe)(2) and (PhTe)(2), which indicates a neuroprotective activity of these compounds.


Asunto(s)
4-Aminopiridina/toxicidad , Derivados del Benceno/farmacología , Compuestos Organometálicos/farmacología , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Convulsiones/inducido químicamente , Convulsiones/prevención & control , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Ratones , Convulsiones/fisiopatología
14.
Int J Rheum Dis ; 22(3): 399-410, 2019 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30585422

RESUMEN

AIM: To determine the dose of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) required to induce oxidative stress, as well as pain and edema; to confirm the induction of knee osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms in rats by the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of antioxidant agents; and to verify the presence of histopathological injury in these affected joints. METHOD: Biological markers of oxidative stress, pain, knee edema, and cartilage degeneration provided by different doses of MIA (0.5; 1.0 or 1.5 mg) in rat knee joints were analyzed. The animal evaluations were conducted during 15 days for mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, spontaneous pain and edema. After that, blood serum, intra-articular lavage and structures of knee, spinal cord and brainstem were collected for biochemical analysis; moreover, the knees were removed for histological evaluation. RESULTS: This study demonstrates that the highest dose of MIA (1.5 mg) increased the oxidative stress markers and reduced the antioxidant reactions, both in the focus of the lesion and in distant sites. MIA also induced the inflammatory process, characterized by pain, edema, increase in neutrophil count and articular damage. CONCLUSION: This model provides a basis for the exploration of underlying mechanisms in OA and the identification of mechanisms that may guide therapy and the discovery of OA signals and symptoms.


Asunto(s)
Artralgia/inducido químicamente , Yodoacetatos , Articulación de la Rodilla/metabolismo , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/inducido químicamente , Estrés Oxidativo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Artralgia/metabolismo , Artralgia/patología , Artralgia/fisiopatología , Tronco Encefálico/metabolismo , Tronco Encefálico/patología , Tronco Encefálico/fisiopatología , Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Cartílago Articular/patología , Cartílago Articular/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/metabolismo , Edema/fisiopatología , Humanos , Articulación de la Rodilla/patología , Articulación de la Rodilla/fisiopatología , Masculino , Infiltración Neutrófila , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/metabolismo , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/patología , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/fisiopatología , Dimensión del Dolor , Umbral del Dolor , Ratas Wistar , Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/patología , Médula Espinal/fisiopatología , Factores de Tiempo
15.
Neurotox Res ; 35(2): 373-386, 2019 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30267269

RESUMEN

Positive influence of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on human health issues has been attributed to its frequent consumption in South American countries and is assumed to be due to its high content of antioxidant compounds, including chlorogenic acid (CGA); however, hard evidence about its positive effects under chronic stress conditions is still required. In this study, the effects of yerba mate extracts (IpE), and its main compound chlorogenic acid (CGA), on behavioral and morphological endpoints of brain damage induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) to rats were evaluated and compared. CRS sessions were performed during 21 days. IpE (200 mg/mL, p.o.) or CGA (2 mg/mL, p.o.) were administered daily 30 min before stress. Behavioral tests comprised motor skills and anxiety-like activity. Histological (H&E) and histochemical changes were explored in three brain regions: cortex (Cx), hippocampus (Hp), and striatum (S). Rats subjected to CRS exhibited hypoactive patterns of locomotor activity. Rats receiving IpE before CRS preserved the basal locomotor activity. Stressed animals also augmented the anxiety-like activity, whereas IpE normalized exploratory behavior. Stressed animals presented cell damage in all regions. Morphological damage was more effectively prevented by IpE than CGA. Stressed animals also augmented the expression/localization pattern of the tumor necrosis factor alpha in the striatum and the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus (stratum moleculare) and cortex, whereas IpE and CGA reduced the expression of these molecules. In turn, CGA exhibited only moderate protective effects on all markers analyzed. Our findings support a protective role of IpE against CRS, which may be related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of its compounds. Since CGA was unable to prevent all the alterations induced by CRS, it is concluded that the protective properties of the whole extract of Ilex paraguariensis are the result of the combined effects of all its natural antioxidant compounds, and not only of the properties of CGA.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ácido Clorogénico/uso terapéutico , Ilex paraguariensis , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Estrés Psicológico/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/patología , Ácido Clorogénico/farmacología , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Restricción Física , Estrés Psicológico/patología
16.
Complement Ther Med ; 41: 1-9, 2018 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30477823

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There are several ways to identify medicinal power of phytoconstituents, such as in silico evaluations. Furthermore, ethnopharmacological researches are important alternatives for the identification of plants with medicinal potential. Significantly, medicinal plants are widely used by persons with Diabetes mellitus (DM) to treat manifestations of this syndrome. OBJECTIVES: i) to investigate the use of medicinal plants for individuals with DM and their health profile; ii) to evaluate in silico possible antidiabetic activities for main phytoconstituents of the commonly used plants. METHODS: A questionnaire was used to measure consumption of medicinal plants. The Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) platform was employed to perform in silico evaluations. In silico predictions for antidiabetic activities were performed with the main compounds identified in a literature review which focused on the more utilized plants. RESULTS: We interviewed 105 persons with DM, most them women (73.34%). Overall mean age was 59.35 years, and 97.14% of them were diagnosed with type 2 DM. An evaluation of the routine exams of the interviewees showed that they have a poor metabolic control. Among the interviewees, 67.62% confirmed the use medicinal plants. Main forms of consumed plant preparation were infusion of leaves and in association with mate (a typical beverage of southern Brazil). Most interviewees consume five or more cups of infusion per day, and when consumed with the mate, 1.73 liters per day. Forty-six medicinal plants were mentioned, and cow's paw (Bauhinia) and jambolan (Syzygium cumini) were the most used. The main informed objective for the plant use was blood glucose control (69.01%). The PASS analysis presented six phytoconstituents with high antidiabetic prediction, especially, vicenin-2, the main phytochemical identified in Passiflora genus (Pa = 0.822). CONCLUSION: Our data show that persons with DM use many plants as a complementary treatment to the traditional medicine. Moreover, part of these plants presented phytoconstituents with antidiabetic potential. These data can serve as a basis for future investigations, with the objective of exploring in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic effects of these plants and its compounds.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Magnoliopsida/química , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Apigenina/farmacología , Apigenina/uso terapéutico , Bauhinia/química , Glucemia/metabolismo , Brasil , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Femenino , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Persona de Mediana Edad , Passiflora/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Syzygium/química
17.
Steroids ; 132: 33-39, 2018 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29408449

RESUMEN

Sida tuberculata (ST) is a Malvaceae species widely distributed in Southern Brazil. In traditional medicine, ST has been employed as hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. Additionally, this species is chemically characterized by flavonoids, alkaloids and phytoecdysteroids mainly. The present work aimed to optimize the extractive technique and to validate an UHPLC method for the determination of 20-hydroxyecdsone (20HE) in the ST leaves. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used in method optimization. The extractive methods tested were: static and dynamic maceration, ultrasound, ultra-turrax and reflux. In the Box-Behnken three parameters were evaluated in three levels (-1, 0, +1), particle size, time and plant:solvent ratio. In validation method, the parameters of selectivity, specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification (LOD, LOQ), precision, accuracy and robustness were evaluated. The results indicate static maceration as better technique to obtain 20HE peak area in ST extract. The optimal extraction from surface response methodology was achieved with the parameters granulometry of 710 nm, 9 days of maceration and plant:solvent ratio 1:54 (w/v). The UHPLC-PDA analytical developed method showed full viability of performance, proving to be selective, linear, precise, accurate and robust for 20HE detection in ST leaves. The average content of 20HE was 0.56% per dry extract. Thus, the optimization of extractive method in ST leaves increased the concentration of 20HE in crude extract, and a reliable method was successfully developed according to validation requirements and in agreement with current legislation.


Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Ecdisterona/análisis , Ecdisterona/aislamiento & purificación , Malvaceae/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ecdisterona/química , Límite de Detección , Modelos Lineales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
18.
Nutrition ; 23(11-12): 818-26, 2007.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17826955

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the long-term effects of high-glucose (GLU) and high-sucrose (SUC) diets on the development of obesity, abdominal fat deposition, glucose intolerance, oxidative stress and effects on delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity in various organs. In particular, the effect of aging on these parameters was evaluated. METHODS: Mice were assigned to a baseline, control, or experimental group. The control group was provided with tap water and experimental groups with solutions of glucose or sucrose for 30 wk. To verify the effect of aging, young mice (baseline group, 8 wk old) were compared with aged animals (control and experimental groups, 38 wk old). RESULTS: Consumption of GLU or SUC diets caused increases in body weight, abdominal fat index, and fasting plasma glucose levels. A positive correlation was observed between the abdominal fat index and fasting glucose levels. There was a significant increase in levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) and a significant decrease in delta-ALA-D activity in various tissues of GLU and SUC feeding mice. Importantly, the dithiothreitol-induced enzymatic reactivation in the GLU and SUC groups was significantly higher than in the control group, and in the aged group it was significantly higher than in the baseline group. After 30 wk, the experimental groups had a decrease in delta-ALA-D activity and an increase in TBARS levels in relation to the baseline group. CONCLUSION: Alterations in the activity of the delta-ALA-D found in this work demonstrate the possible contributions of hyperglycemia and aging for protein oxidation, leading to impairment of its biologic function.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Sacarosa en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Glucosa/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/metabolismo , Grasa Abdominal/metabolismo , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Distribución Aleatoria , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisis , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Aumento de Peso/fisiología
19.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab ; 42(11): 1172-1178, 2017 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28708964

RESUMEN

Immobilization induces oxidative damage to the brain. Ilex paraguariensis extracts (Mate) and their major natural compound, chlorogenic acid (CGA), exert protective effects against reactive oxygen species formation. Here, the effects of Mate and CGA on oxidative damage induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were investigated. For CIS, animals were immobilized for 6 h every day for 21 consecutive days. Rats received Mate or CGA by intragastric gavage 30 min before every restraint session. Endpoints of oxidative stress (levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione) were evaluated following CIS. While CIS increased oxidized lipid and carbonyl levels in all brain regions, CGA (and Mate to a lesser extent) attenuated lipid and protein oxidation as compared with control groups. GSH/GSSG balance showed a tendency to increase in all regions in response to stress and antioxidants. Taken together, our results support a protective role of dietary antioxidants against the neuronal consequences of stress.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Restricción Física
20.
Brain Res Bull ; 68(6): 414-8, 2006 Feb 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16459195

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction between a classic GABAergic antagonist -- pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) with an organoselenium compound -- diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2) and with the metal chelating agent -- 2,3 dimercaptopropanol (BAL). Mice were pre-treated with 150 micromol/kg (PhSe)(2) or BAL (250, 500 or 1000 micromol/kg) before treatment with PTZ. Pre-treatment with (PhSe)(2) reduced the latency for PTZ-induced seizure at doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg and cause a decrease in the latency for PTZ-induced death at the dose of 60 mg/kg. However, treatment with PTZ at dose of 80 mg/kg was not affected by (PhSe)(2) pre-treatment. Pre-treatment with BAL reduced the latency for PTZ-induced seizure at doses of 40 and 50 mg/kg. In addition, the latency for PTZ-induced death at the dose of 40 mg/kg was decreased significantly by pre-treatment with all doses of BAL. At the dose of 50mg/kg, a significant decrease in the latency for death occurred only in mice pre-treated with 500 and 1000 micromol/kg of BAL. Our results indicate that the PTZ-induced chemical seizures and mortality was enhanced by (PhSe)(2) and BAL. These results indicated that (PhSe)(2) and BAL interact with PTZ possibly by modulating the GABAergic system.


Asunto(s)
Derivados del Benceno/toxicidad , Convulsivantes/toxicidad , Dimercaprol/toxicidad , Compuestos de Organoselenio/toxicidad , Pentilenotetrazol/toxicidad , Convulsiones/inducido químicamente , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Quelantes/toxicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Antagonistas del GABA/toxicidad , Masculino , Ratones , Inhibición Neural/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibición Neural/fisiología , Tiempo de Reacción/efectos de los fármacos , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Receptores de GABA/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de GABA/metabolismo , Convulsiones/metabolismo , Convulsiones/fisiopatología , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo
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