RESUMEN
Mounting evidence supports the potential of dietary bioactives to reduce chronic disease risk. N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (NCT) and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (NFT) have been hypothesized to drive regulation of gut permeability, but these components have not yet been studied in the context of the human gut microbiome. This work examined whether purified NCT and NFT, or a hemp hull product containing NCT and NFT (Brightseed® Bio Gut Fiber™), can impact the gut microbiome using an in vitro fermentation assay. Representative human gut microbiomes were treated with Bio Gut Fiber™ or NCT and NFT and compared to starch and methylcellulose, as controls, in vitro. Stronger changes were exerted by Bio Gut Fiber™, NCT, and NFT. Communities treated with Bio Gut Fiber™ saw increased productivity and diversity. We found a dose-dependent effect of NCT and NFT on microbial communities. Here, we describe novel potential for hemp-derived bioactives to shape the gut microbiome.
RESUMEN
Background: The loss of ancestral microbes, or the "disappearing microbiota hypothesis" has been proposed to play a critical role in the rise of inflammatory and immune diseases in developed nations. The effect of this loss is most consequential during early-life, as initial colonizers of the newborn gut contribute significantly to the development of the immune system. Methods: In this longitudinal study (day 3, week 3, and month 3 post-birth) of infants of Asian ancestry born in Singapore, we studied how generational immigration status and common perinatal factors affect bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) colonization. Cohort registry identifier: NCT01174875. Results: Our findings show that first-generation migratory status, perinatal antibiotics usage, and cesarean section birth, significantly influenced the abundance and acquisition of bifidobacteria in the infant gut. Most importantly, 95.6% of the infants surveyed in this study had undetectable B. infantis, an early and beneficial colonizer of infant gut due to its ability to metabolize the wide variety of human milk oligosaccharides present in breastmilk and its ability to shape the development of a healthy immune system. A comparative analysis of B. infantis in 12 countries by their GDP per capita showed a remarkably low prevalence of this microbe in advanced economies, especially Singapore. Conclusion: This study provides new insights into infant gut microbiota colonization, showing the impact of generational immigration on early-life gut microbiota acquisition. It also warrants the need to closely monitor the declining prevalence of beneficial microbes such as B. infantis in developed nations and its potential link to increasing autoimmune and allergic diseases.