Safety and efficacy of silicone tape for indwelling urinary catheter fixation in intensive care patients-A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients are more vulnerable to medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI), whose prevention is a constant challenge and one of the main quality indicators of nursing care. MARSI associated with indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) fixation is a relevant adverse event, mainly because of the constant involuntary traction and high skin vulnerability of the fixation site. Silicone adhesive tape has appreciable qualities for fragile skin among the range of adhesives, leading to the inference that it reduces the risk of MARSI. AIM: To compare silicone adhesive tape for IUC fixation with acrylate tape regarding its safety and efficacy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled trial blinded to the patients and evaluator. Data were collected from an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary university hospital in Brazil. Patients with IUC and no MARSI at the fixation site were considered eligible. The omega (Ω) fixation technique was used for IUC fixation. A total of 132 participants were enrolled and divided into two research groups: 66 patients in the intervention group (silicone tape) and 66 in the control group (acrylate tape). Outcomes were the incidence of MARSI, patient outcome in the ICU and hospital and partial, total and overall spontaneous detachment of the tapes. RESULTS: The overall incidence of MARSI was 28%, with 21% in the silicone group and 35% in the acrylate group, with no statistically significant difference (p = .121), including the severity of the lesions (p = .902). However, partial (p = .003) and overall (p < .001) detachment of the tapes were more frequent in the silicone group. CONCLUSIONS: Silicone tape is no safer than acrylate tape for IUC fixation and is less adhesively effective. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: There is no evidence to support the extensive use of silicone tape in this context.

Broad Diversity of Fungi in Hospital Water.

INTRODUCTION: Some studies have reported the occurrence of microorganisms isolated from water. Considering these microorganisms, fungi are known to occur ubiquitously in the environment, including water, and some are pathogenic and may cause health problems, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The aim of this study was to identify fungi in hospital water samples and to correlate their presence with the concentration of free residual chlorine. METHODS: Water samples (100 mL) were collected from taps (n = 74) and water purifiers (n = 14) in different locations in a university hospital. Samples were filtered through a nitrocellulose membrane and placed on Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated for 24 hours at 30°C. Fungi were identified according to established methods based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics (filamentous) and physiological tests (yeasts). Free chlorine residual content was measured at the time of sample collection. RESULTS: Seventy species of fungi were identified in the water samples and about 56% of the water samples contained culturable fungi. Cladosporium oxysporum, Penicillium spinulosum, and Aspergillus fumigatus were the most common filamentous fungi. Aureobasidium pullulans and Candida parapsilosis were the most common yeasts. Chemical analyses revealed that free residual chlorine was present in 81.8% of the samples within recommended concentrations. Among samples from water purifiers, 92.9% showed low levels of free residual chlorine (<0.2 mg/L). There was no significant association between chlorine concentrations (either within or outside the recommended range) and the presence of filamentous fungi and yeasts. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that hospital water can be a reservoir for fungi, some of which are potentially harmful to immunocompromised patients. Free residual chlorine was ineffective in some samples.

Hospital infection control programs: assessment of process and structure indicators. / Programas de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar: avaliação de indicadores de estrutura e processo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess hospital infection control committees in relation to structure and process indicators of hospital infection control programs. METHOD: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted with hospital committees registered in the National Registry of Healthcare Facilities. Primary and secondary data collection was conducted through structured interview using validated instruments and verification of documents, respectively. RESULTS: Fourteen committees participated in the research. Mean values of conformity of 80.58% were evidenced for the technical-operational structure assessment indicator, 60.77% for the infection control and prevention operational guidelines indicator, 81.59% for the epidemiological surveillance system assessment indicator, and 63.44% for hospital infection control and prevention activities assessment indicator. CONCLUSION: Among the four instruments applied to assess hospital infection control programs, only two presented results with more than 80.0% of conformity: those related to the epidemiological surveillance and technical-operational structure assessments.

Effectiveness of ATP bioluminescence assay for presumptive identification of microorganisms in hospital water sources.

BACKGROUND: Laboratory analysis of organisms in water include arduous methods, such as the multiple tube and membrane filter. The ATP bioluminescence system, proposes a new way of measuring cellular material in water by measuring adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, which are expressed in relative light units (RLU). The ATP bioluminescence assay has been increasingly used to assess the microbiological safety of the hospital environment. However, there are few studies investigating the use of this methodology to evaluate the microbiological quality of water. The objective of the present study was to verify whether ATP, as measured by the 3 M™ Clean-Trace Water™ ATP test, can be used as an alternative tool for presumptive testing for the presence of microorganisms in hospital water. METHODS: Water samples (N = 88) were collected from faucets (74) and water purifiers (14) in a university hospital. The sample were filtered by the membrane filter technique (100 mL for bacterial analysis and 100 mL for fungal analysis) and then submitted to ATP bioluminescence assay to the determine quantity of RLU in each sample. In order to compare RLU and the presence of microorganisms, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate sensitivity and specificity (levels higher than 90% were considered significant). In addition, control tests were conducted to compare RLU to the quantities of bacterial and fungal organisms added to distilled water (ANOVA and Tukey's tests; p ≤ 0.05). This inoculum was compared to RLU emission, and the data were analyzed by calculating the Pearson's correlation coefficient, with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: In the present study, 94.3% of the water samples presented bacterial growth. Of these, 15.6% showed heterotrophic bacteria above recommended levels and fungal contamination was detected in 55.6% of samples. Sensitivity and specificity of the samples were not significant (< 90%), and the correlation between ATP and the presence of these microorganisms in the samples (hospital water) was not significant, whereas, in distilled water, the results revealed a significant difference (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that the ATP test cannot be used as an alternative tool for presumptive assessment of the presence of microorganisms in water.

[Collection of tracheal aspirate: safety and microbiological concordance between two techniques]. / Colheita de aspirado traqueal: segurança e concordâcia microbiológica entre duas técnicas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of the performance of the traditional and protected collection techniques of tracheal aspirate and to identify qualitative and quantitative agreement of the results of microbiological cultures between the techniques. METHOD: Clinical, prospective, comparative, single-blind research. The sample was composed of 54 patients of >18 years of age, undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for a period of ≥ 48 hours and with suspected Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. The two techniques were implemented in the same patient, one immediately after the other, with an order of random execution, according to randomization by specialized software. RESULTS: No significant events occurred oxygen desaturation, hemodynamic instability or tracheobronchial hemorrhage (p<0.05) and, although there were differences in some strains, there was qualitative and quantitative agreement between the techniques (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Utilization of the protected technique provided no advantage over the traditional and execution of both techniques was safe for the patient.

A Descriptive Study of Corneal Graft Failure in Retransplant Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the main predictors for corneal graft failure in patients who underwent retransplantation. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional research with a quantitative and analytical approach, conducted based on data from secondary sources of a Human Eye Tissue Bank (HETB) in Northeast Brazil. Data were collected from the medical charts of all patients transplanted between January 2010 and December 2014. Descriptive statistics were used for the univariate analysis by means of absolute and relative frequencies and means. For the inferential analysis, the chi-square (X²) and the Fisher's Exact tests were used. RESULTS: A total of 241 records were reviewed, representing 258 keratoplasties, of which 27 (10.46%) were retransplantations due to corneal graft failure. Of the total, 55.56% of the individuals were female, with a mean age of 58.56 years, 55.56% of the population was brown, and the highest relative frequency of housing found was in the Central Mesoregion. Of the corneal graft failure cases, 88.89% were due to late failure, 30.77% of cases were classified as pseudophakic and 11.57% as aphakic. Through inferential analysis, a statistical association was obtained among the variable "corneal graft failure" and mesoregion of the state, presence of glaucoma, vascularization, and classification of the eye. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of keratoplasty is of multifactorial nature. Factors such as mesoregion of the State (place of residence), glaucoma, corneal vascularization, and aphakic eyes represent predictors for graft failure in the analyzed sample.

[Quality of nursing care in intensive care unit at a university hospital]. / Qualidade da assistência de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital escola.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify and analyze the quality of nursing care in an adult general intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. Data were collected from 23 clients with ICU length of stay > or = 72 hours, from June to November 2012, through an Operational Audit Script and quality of care classified according to the index of positivity (IP) as follows: IP = 100%. desirable care; 90-99%: appropriate care; 80-89%: safe care; 70-79%: limitrophe care, and > 70%: tolerable care. Thus, the quality of care provided was rated as tolerable, as the global average was 61.71%. Furthermore, it was found that the best IP was assigned to the item equipment use (100%) and the worst to the item physical activities (17.39%). This study established the diagnosis of the status of nursing practices in the studied environment, which is a critical step in planning strategies and actions aimed at improving the quality of care provided.

Impact of sterile gloves on blood-culture contamination rates: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Reducing the blood-culture contamination rate is a constant challenge for health services. This study aimed to analyze whether blood-culture (BC) collection using sterile gloves reduces the contamination rate when compared to the non-sterile gloves, and to compare baseline and intervention periods. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial, performed in an intensive care unit in Brazil and paired in two groups: sterile (BCs obtained with modified sterile technique: only sterile gloves; no fenestrated drape or dedicated sterile collection kit) and clean (clean technique: usual care with non-sterile gloves). Two paired blood samples were obtained from each patient by trained and calibrated nurses. BCs were processed by conventional microbiological methods and the results were issued by blinded microbiologists. RESULTS: There was no difference (P = 1.00) in the contamination rate of BC between the sterile (1%) and clean (1%) groups. However, there was a significant difference (P = 0.05; relative risk: 0.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.04-0.70) in the contamination rate between baseline (6.1%; 20/330) and intervention (1%; 2/200). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the aseptic care provided in obtaining samples is more important than the sterile technique itself, and highlights the value of standardizing the practices, qualification and calibration of phlebotomists.

Analysis of factors associated with hematopoietic stem-cell retransplantation: a case-control study. / Análise dos fatores associados ao retransplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas: estudo caso-controle.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the factors associated with the failure of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Retransplantation (HSCR). METHOD: this study implemented a quantitative approach and was a case-control type which addressed patients undergoing HSCR. To do so, a paired sample of two controls was used for each case (2:1). The case group consisted of the medical records of all patients who underwent HSCR (28) and the control group (56) of those who underwent only one transplant. Three variables guided the pairing: gender, diagnosis and type of transplant. RESULTS: a total of 24 (85.71%) patients in the case group were re-transplanted due to disease relapse and four (14.29%) due to graft failure. There was a statistical difference in the analysis between patients who did not use ursodeoxycholic acid, opioid analgesics and immunosuppressants. The need for HSCR among those who used these medications inappropriately was 16.12, 12.79 and 4.5 times more likely, respectively, than those who used them correctly. CONCLUSION: there was a difference regarding the reasons which led to the retransplantation and the analyzed subjects, and this study concluded that the predictive reason for retransplantation in the studied sample was disease relapse.

HIV/AIDS and the social determinants of health: a time series study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time trend, spatial distribution, and the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases with social determinants of health. METHODS: Ecological and analytical study, carried out based on the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome notified in a state in the Brazilian Midwest, from 2009 to 2018. The study used descriptive analysis, polynomial regression, and geospatial analysis. RESULTS: In 10 years, there were 9,157 notifications, growing each year. There was a growing trend for both sexes (p<0.001, r2=0.94). The City Human Development Index was related to the higher number of cases (city of notification, p=0.01; and city where the person lives, p=0.02). The highest concentration was in cities that house health macro-regions. CONCLUSION: Social determinants have a relationship with the time trend and the spatial distribution of cases and can direct strategies for prevention and care.

Analysis of the temporal trend of mortality from sickle cell anemia in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the temporal trend of mortality from sickle cell anemia in Brazil, by region, in the period 1997-2017. METHODS: epidemiological study, with an ecological design, with a temporal trend, carried out with data from the Mortality Information System. For descriptive analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used. In the correlation analysis, the ANOVA test was used, followed by Tukey's post-test. The temporal trend was obtained using the cubic polynomial regression test. RESULTS: 6,813 deaths from sickle cell anemia were registered. Brown individuals (50.87%) were more frequent, with a predominance of males (50.4%), aged between 25 and 34 years and a higher incidence of deaths in the Midwest (0.25/100 thousand inhabitants). The time curve showed an increasing trend of deaths in the country between 1997 and 2015 (R2 = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: sickle cell anemia showed increasing mortality in the 21 years analyzed and alerts health professionals and managers.

Clinical-Epidemiological Characteristics and Mortality in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 1980 at 2018.

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and mortality in patients with sickle-cell anemia (SCA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cohort study with retrospective data, conducted in two reference hospitals for SCA treatment from January 1980 to December 2018, recorded in two reference services. With a 5% significance level, the Chi-Square and Student's t-tests were employed in the inferential statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 128 patients with SCA were studied. Diagnosis up to the fifth day of life was made in 10 patients. There were 19 deaths, of which 12 (63.2%) were female, and the average age at death was 27.05 (± 14.78) years. The leading causes of death were septic shock and cardiogenic shock. The use of invasive medical devices was considered a risk factor for death (RR=2.63; 95% CI=1.16-5.96; p=0.018), and monitoring time up to 20 years presented a 31% reduction in the risk of dying (RR=0.31; 95% CI=0.12-0.82; p=0.011) when compared to the monitoring of more than 20 years. CONCLUSION: These findings are to be considered in the treatment of patients with SCA, mainly regarding early diagnosis and access to the treatment immediately afterward, since they are fundamental in improving survival and reducing severe complications.

Consumption of sexually explicit media and unprotected anal sex in men who have sex with men. / Consumo de mídias sexualmente explícitas e sexo anal desprotegido em homens que fazem sexo com homens.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of bareback sexually explicit media (SEM) consumption on anal sex without a condom by men who have sex with men (MSM). To this end, a page was created on the Facebook® social network with a link that directed interested parties to a questionnaire. Cisgender men, aged 18 years and over, who had sex with other men in the last 12 months, were included. Data were collected in 2017 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 2,248 MSM participated in the research, with a mean age of 24.4 years and a mean number of 3.9 partners in the last 30 days. Having multiple sexual partners (ORa: 9.4; 95% CI 3.9-22.4), preferring movies with bareback scenes (ORa: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.6), considering this practice a fetish and realizing it (ORa: 3.52; 95% CI 2.3-5.4), having casual partnerships (ORa: 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-1.9) and being aware of the partner's negative serological status for HIV (ORa: 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) were factors that increased the likelihood of engaging in anal sex without a condom. Thus, we found an association between the consumption of bareback SEM and sex without a condom among MSM.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do consumo de mídia sexualmente explícita (MSE) de modalidade bareback na prática de sexo anal sem preservativo por homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Para tanto, foi criada uma página na rede social Facebook® com um link que direcionava os interessados para um questionário. Foram incluídos homens cisgênero, com 18 anos ou mais e que praticaram sexo com outro(s) homem(ns) nos últimos 12 meses. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 e analisados por meio de estatística inferencial (uni)bivariada e regressão logística multivariada. Participaram da pesquisa 2.248 HSH, com média de idade de 24,4 anos e média de 3,9 parceiros nos últimos 30 dias. Possuir múltiplos parceiros sexuais (ORa:9,4; IC95% 3,9-22,4), preferir filmes com cenas bareback (ORa:2,6; IC95% 1,5-4,6), julgar essa prática um fetiche e realizá-lo (ORa:3,52; IC95% 2,3-5,4), ter parceria casual (ORa:1,8; IC95% 1,5-1,9) e ciência do status sorológico negativo do parceiro para o HIV (ORa:1,4; IC95% 1,1-2,3) foram fatores que aumentaram as chances de envolvimento em sexo anal sem preservativo. Dessa forma, verificamos associação entre o consumo de MSE bareback e a prática de sexo sem preservativo entre HSH.

Coping strategies of family members of intensive care unit patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the coping strategies of family members of patients admitted to intensive care units. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study developed with 70 relatives of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. SETTING: An adult intensive care unit at a university hospital in Brazil. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coping strategies were identified by the Folkman and Lazarus Inventory of Coping Strategies and statistically compared to the sociodemographic data of family members and patients' clinical data. RESULTS: Coping strategies focused on emotion were the most used, especially those attributed to the escape-avoidance factor. There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between women and the use of adaptive strategies focused on the problem; less education and lower income with maladaptive strategies focused on emotion; second-degree relatives and the positive reassessment factor; participants involved in religious activities and the social support factor. Regarding the clinical variables, patients admitted to the intensive care unit for more than seven days showed an association (p < 0.05) with the social support factor. CONCLUSION: Family members used adaptive coping strategies more focused on emotion. Additionally, the lower the educational and economic levels, the greater the use of maladaptive strategies focused on emotion.

Effectiveness of clinical surface cleaning and disinfection: evaluation methods.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the methods employed to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical surface cleaning and disinfection (C&D). METHOD: This is a theoretical reflection based on scientific studies and the experience of the authors. Knowledge and current gaps, the need for further studies, and practical application of the methods were approached. RESULTS: There are four main methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical surface C&D: visual inspection, fluorescent markers, microbiological cultures, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence. The first two are used to evaluate the process and to predict adherence to protocols by the staff, and the last two are employed to evaluate the results, therefore being the most relevant to assess the risk of infection. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The ideal method was not found, because all of them showed limitations. There is a need for strategies to optimize the precision of these methods.

Physical violence and verbal abuse against nurses working with risk stratification: characteristics, related factors, and consequences.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the characteristics, related factors, and consequences of physical violence and verbal abuse against nurses working with risk stratification. METHODS: a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study carried out with 80 nurses who work with risk stratification in emergency services. Data were collected using an adapted instrument and analyzed using (uni)bivariate inferential statistics. RESULTS: companions were the main perpetrators of verbal abuse (86.1%); and patients inflicted physical violence (100%). Professionals with up to five years of experience are 74% less likely to suffer physical violence (p=0.029). Women suffer 5.83 times more verbal abuse than men (p=0.026). Sadness (15.8%) and fear of the aggressor (15.3%) were the main consequences of verbal abuse; and fear of the aggressor (22.2%) and stress (22.2%) were results of physical violence. CONCLUSION: violence is influenced by institutional, professional and client aspects. Therefore, coping with it requires multidimensional strategies.

Wide diversity of fungal species found in wellwater for human consumption: an analytical cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Fungi are ubiquitous in the environment. They are able to grow in water and many of them may be opportunistic pathogens. OBJECTIVE: The aims were to identify fungi in registered wells (RWs) and nonregistered wells (NRWs) that tap into groundwater; and to correlate the results from physicochemical assays on this water (free residual chlorine and pH) with the presence of fungi. DATA AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional quantitative study on groundwater wells in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: 52 samples of 500 ml of water were collected from RWs and 107 from NRWs. These were sent to a microbiology laboratory to identify any fungi that were present. In addition, free residual chlorine and pH were measured immediately after sample collection. Several statistical analysis tests were used. RESULTS: Fungal contamination was present in 78.8% of the samples from RWs and 81.3% from NRWs. Filamentous fungi were more prevalent than yeast in both types of wells. There was no significant difference in presence of fungi according to whether chloride and pH were within recommended levels in RWs; or according to whether pH was within recommended levels in NRWs. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the levels of fungal contamination between RWs and NRWs. CONCLUSION: Both RWs and NRWs are potential reservoirs for many types of fungi. Many of these may become opportunistic pathogens if they infect immunosuppressed individuals. Furthermore, this study confirms that fungi are able to grow even when chlorine and pH parameters are within the standards recommended.

Efficiency of cleaning and disinfection of surfaces: correlation between assessment methods.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the correlation among the ATP-bioluminescence assay, visual inspection and microbiological culture in monitoring the efficiency of cleaning and disinfection (C&D) of high-touch clinical surfaces (HTCS) in a walk-in emergency care unit. METHOD: a prospective and comparative study was carried out from March to June 2015, in which five HTCS were sampled before and after C&D by means of the three methods. The HTCS were considered dirty when dust, waste, humidity and stains were detected in visual inspection; when ≥2.5 colony forming units per cm2 were found in culture; when ≥5 relative light units per cm2 were found at the ATP-bioluminescence assay. RESULTS: 720 analyses were performed, 240 per method. The overall rates of clean surfaces per visual inspection, culture and ATP-bioluminescence assay were 8.3%, 20.8% and 44.2% before C&D, and 92.5%, 50% and 84.2% after C&D, respectively (p<0.001). There were only occasional statistically significant relationships between methods. CONCLUSION: the methods did not present a good correlation, neither quantitative nor qualitatively.

Fatores associados ao óbito por HIV/Aids / Factores asociados al fallecimiento por VIH/Sida / Factors associated with death due to HIV/AIDS

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os fatores associados ao óbito em pessoas com HIV/Aids. Método Estudo epidemiológico e analítico, realizado a partir das notificações de HIV/Aids do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 2009 à 2018. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, análise de sobrevida via método de Kaplan-Meier e regressão de Cox. Resultados Foram analisadas 8.712 notificações, com taxa de sobrevida de 86% ao longo dos 10 anos. Os fatores associados ao óbito foram:sexo masculino (=1,22; p=0,006), cor da pele parda (=1,30; p=0,012), oito anos ou menos de estudo (=1,57; p=0,000), e possível transmissão sexual mediante relação com mulheres (=2,72; p=0,000) ou com ambos - homens e mulheres (=2,24; p=0,002) e utilização de drogas injetáveis (=2,57; p=0,016). Conclusão Características sociais, culturais e comportamentais podem contribuir para redução da sobrevida das pessoas com HIV/Aids. Esses fatores sinalizam especificidades a serem consideradas no planejamento assistencial e monitoramento dos casos, em especial no que concerne à necessidade de busca ativa, monitoramento contínuo, além de intervenções que envolvam mudanças de comportamento.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los factores asociados al fallecimiento de personas con VIH/Sida. Método Estudio epidemiológico y analítico, realizado a partir de las notificaciones de VIH/Sida en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, en el período de 2009 a 2018. El análisis de los datos se realizó por medio de estadística descriptiva, análisis de sobrevida por el método de Kaplan-Meier y de regresión de Cox. Resultados Se analizaron 8.712 notificaciones, con un índice de sobrevida del 86 % a lo largo de los 10 años. Los factores asociados al fallecimiento fueron: sexo masculino (=1,22; p=0,006), color de piel parda (=1,30; p=0,012), ocho años o menos de estudio (=1,57; p=0,000), y posible transmisión sexual mediante relación con mujeres (=2,72; p=0,000) o con ambos, hombres y mujeres (=2,24; p=0,002), y uso de drogas inyectables (=2,57; p=0,016). Conclusión Características sociales, culturales y de comportamiento pueden contribuir para la reducción de la sobrevida de las personas con VIH/Sida. Esos factores señalan especificidades que se deben considerar en la planificación asistencial y en el monitoreo de los casos, en especial en lo que atañe a la necesidad de la búsqueda activa, el monitoreo continuo e intervenciones que incluyan cambios de comportamiento.

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors associated with death in people with HIV/AIDS. Method This is an epidemiological and analytical study, carried out from the HIV/AIDS notifications of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, from 2009 to 2018. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression. Results A total of 8,712 notifications were analyzed, with a survival rate of 86% over the 10 years. Factors associated with death were: males (=1.22; p=0.006), brown skin color (=1.30; p=0.012), eight years or less of study (=1.57; p=0.000), and possible sexual transmission through intercourse with women (=2.72; p=0.000) or with both men and women (=2.24; p=0.002) and use of injectable drugs (=2.57; p=0.016). Conclusion Social, cultural and behavioral characteristics may contribute to reduce the survival of people with HIV/AIDS. These factors indicate specificities to be considered in care planning and monitoring of cases, especially with regard to the need for an active search, continuous monitoring, in addition to interventions that involve changes in behavior.

Análise dos fatores associados ao retransplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas: estudo caso-controle / Analysis of factors associated with hematopoietic stem-cell retransplantation: a case-control study / Análisis de factores asociados al Retrasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas: un estudio de caso-control

Resumo Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao insucesso do Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas (TCTH) em pacientes submetidos ao retransplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas (RCTH). Método: estudo quantitativo do tipo caso-controle para avaliar pacientes submetidos ao RCTH. Para tanto, utilizou-se amostra pareada de dois controles para cada caso (2:1). O grupo caso foi constituído pelos prontuários de saúde com todos os pacientes que foram submetidos ao RCTH (28) e o grupo controle (56) incluiu pacientes que receberam apenas um transplante. Três variáveis nortearam o pareamento: sexo, diagnóstico e tipo de transplante. Resultados: vinte e quatro (85,71%) pacientes do grupo caso receberam retransplante devido a recidiva da doença e quatro (14.29%) devido a falha do enxerto. Uma diferença estatística foi encontrada na análise entre os pacientes que não usaram o ácido ursodesoxicólico, analgésicos opioides ou imunossupressores. A necessidade de um RCTH entre aqueles que usaram estes medicamentos de forma inapropriada foi 16,12, 12,79 e 4,5 vezes maior, respectivamente, do que entre os que as usaram corretamente. Conclusão: houve uma diferença relacionada ao motivo que levou ao retransplante e os indivíduos analisados. A conclusão é que a razão preditiva para retransplante nesta amostra foi a recidiva da doença.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the failure of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Retransplantation (HSCR). Method: this study implemented a quantitative approach and was a case-control type which addressed patients undergoing HSCR. To do so, a paired sample of two controls was used for each case (2:1). The case group consisted of the medical records of all patients who underwent HSCR (28) and the control group (56) of those who underwent only one transplant. Three variables guided the pairing: gender, diagnosis and type of transplant. Results: a total of 24 (85.71%) patients in the case group were re-transplanted due to disease relapse and four (14.29%) due to graft failure. There was a statistical difference in the analysis between patients who did not use ursodeoxycholic acid, opioid analgesics and immunosuppressants. The need for HSCR among those who used these medications inappropriately was 16.12, 12.79 and 4.5 times more likely, respectively, than those who used them correctly. Conclusion: there was a difference regarding the reasons which led to the retransplantation and the analyzed subjects, and this study concluded that the predictive reason for retransplantation in the studied sample was disease relapse.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados con el fracaso del Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas (TCMH) en pacientes sometidos al Retrasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas (RCMH). Método: estudio cuantitativo de tipo caso-control que abordó pacientes sometidos al RCMH. Para esto, se utilizó una muestra pareada de dos controles para cada caso (2:1). El grupo caso estuvo formado por los registros médicos de todos los pacientes que fueron sometidos al RCMH (28) y el grupo control (56) por los que fueron sometidos a un solo trasplante. Tres variables guiaron el emparejamiento: género, diagnóstico y tipo de trasplante. Resultados: un total de 24 (85.71%) pacientes en el grupo caso fueron retransplantados debido a la recaída de la enfermedad y 4 (14.29%) por el fracaso del injerto. Hubo una diferencia estadística en el análisis entre los pacientes que no usaron ácido ursodesoxicólico, analgésicos opioides e inmunosupresores. La necesidad de RCMH entre los que usaron estos medicamentos de manera inapropiada se encontraba 16,12 - 12,79 y 4,5 veces más probable, respectivamente, que aquellos que los usaron correctamente. Conclusión: hubo diferencia en cuanto a las razones que llevaron al retrasplante de los sujetos analizados. Este estudio concluyó que la razón predictiva del retrasplante, en la muestra estudiada, fue la recidiva de la enfermedad.