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BACKGROUND: Endocrine resistance driven by sustained activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway in advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is fatal. Characterization of mechanisms underlying aberrant AR pathway activation to search for potential therapeutic strategy is particularly important. Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) is one of the specific GTPase-activating proteins. As a novel tumor proto-oncogene, overexpression of RACGAP1 was related to the occurrence of various tumors. METHODS: Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the relationship of expression level between RACGAP1 and AR as well as AR pathway activation. qRT-PCR and western blotting assays were performed to assess the expression of AR/AR-V7 and RACGAP1 in PCa cells. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments were conducted to detect the interaction and co-localization between RACGAP1 and AR/AR-V7. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses were conducted to investigate the biological roles of RACGAP1 in PCa cells, using MTS and colony formation assays. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of RACGAP1 inhibition on the tumor growth. RESULTS: RACGAP1 was a gene activated by AR, which was markedly upregulated in PCa patients with CRPC and enzalutamide resistance. AR transcriptionally activated RACGAP1 expression by binding to its promoter region. Reciprocally, nuclear RACGAP1 bound to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of both AR and AR-V7, blocking their interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Consequently, this prevented the degradation of AR/AR-V7 in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway. Notably, the positive feedback loop between RACGAP1 and AR/AR-V7 contributed to endocrine therapy resistance of CRPC. Combination of enzalutamide and in vivo cholesterol-conjugated RIG-I siRNA drugs targeting RACGAP1 induced potent inhibition of xenograft tumor growth of PCa. CONCLUSION: In summary, our results reveal that reciprocal regulation between RACGAP1 and AR/AR-V7 contributes to the endocrine resistance in PCa. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of combined RACGAP1 inhibition and enzalutamide in treatment of advanced PCa.
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Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Receptores Androgénicos , Masculino , Humanos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/genética , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Animales , Proto-Oncogenes Mas , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Feniltiohidantoína/farmacología , Ratones Desnudos , Nitrilos/farmacología , Ratones , Benzamidas/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/genéticaRESUMEN
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most severe result of spine injury, but no effective therapy exists to treat SCI. We have previously shown that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Two RING fingers and DRIL 1 (Triad1) promotes neurite outgrowth after SCI. However, the mechanism by which Triad1 affects neuron growth and the potential involvement of its ubiquitination activity is unclear. Neuroprotective cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN) can promote microglia proliferation and neurotrophic factor secretion to achieve neuroprotection. We find using immunostaining and behavioral assays in rats that the expression of Triad1 and the PTN was peaked at 1 day after SCI and Triad1 improved motor function and histomorphological injury after SCI. We show using flow cytometry and astrocyte/neuronal coculture assays that Triad1 overexpression promoted PTN protein levels, neurotrophic growth factor (NGF) expression, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, astrocyte and neuronal viability, and neurite outgrowth but suppressed astrocyte apoptosis, while shRNA-mediated knockdown of Triad1 and PTN had the opposite effects. Ubiquitin ligase murine double mutant 2 (MDM2) has previously been demonstrated to participate in the process of neurite outgrowth and mediate ubiquitination of p53. Furthermore, we demonstrate overexpression of MDM2 downregulated PTN protein levels, NGF expression and BDNF expression in astrocytes, and inhibited neurite outgrowth of neurons. In addition, MDM2 facilitated PTN ubiquitination, which was reversed by Triad1. Finally, we show simultaneous sh-PTN and MDM2 overexpression attenuated the neurite outgrowth-promoting effect of Triad1 overexpression. In conclusion, we propose Triad1 promotes astrocyte-dependent neurite outgrowth to accelerate recovery after SCI by inhibiting MDM2-mediated PTN ubiquitination.
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Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Ubiquitina , Animales , Ratones , Ratas , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/genética , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Neuritas/metabolismo , Proyección Neuronal/genética , Neuroprotección , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/genética , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Ubiquitinación , Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' is the bacterium associated with the citrus disease known as huanglongbing (HLB). This study evaluated the influence of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection on a number of key plant physiological variables concerning photosynthesis, cell integrity, reactive oxygen species scavengers' activity, and osmoregulation of two different species of citrus-the pomelo Citrus maxima and the mandarin C. reticulata 'Tankan'-relative to their measured 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection load. Results indicated that all measured physiological variables except soluble sugar were affected by increased 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection titers, wherein the variety C. maxima proved overall more resistant than C. reticulata. 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection was linked in both plants to decrease in chlorophyll concentration, cell membrane permeability, and malondialdehyde, as well as increased free proline and starch contents. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements taken 9 months after grafting the mandarin C. reticulata with 'Ca. L. asiaticus' scions revealed a significant decrease in the photosynthesis variables maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII, and coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching assuming interconnected PSII antennae, whereas nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching increased significantly; C. maxima plants, on the other hand, did not show significant differences until the 12th month from infection exposure. The variables superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and soluble protein initially increased and later decreased. In addition, progression of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' replication in both citrus species was accompanied by rapid changes in three reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in C. maxima, while the pattern was different in C. reticulata. We hypothesize that the observed interspecific differences in physiological change are related to their relative resistance against 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection. These results provide a scaffold for better describing the pathogenesis, selecting the most resistant breeds, or even validating pertaining omics research; ultimately, these detailed observations can facilitate the diagnosis of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection.
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Citrus , Rhizobiaceae , Citrus/microbiología , Liberibacter , Rhizobiaceae/fisiología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Fitomejoramiento , ClorofilaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are widely used worldwide. Recently, studies of the ERAS program in spinal surgery subspecialties have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of ERAS in minimally invasive microdiscectomy (MD) surgery. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing MD at a single center. From March 2018 to March 2021, 286 patients were in the ERAS group. A total of 140 patients from March 2017 to February 2018 were in the conventional group. The outcomes included length of stay (LOS), the postoperative numeric rating scale (NRS), complications, 30-day readmission rate, 30-day reoperation rate and cost. Moreover, perioperative factors were also evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with the conventional group, the LOS and cost were reduced in the ERAS group. There were no significant differences in the NRS, complication rate, 30-day readmission or reoperation rates between the groups. Furthermore, postoperative drainage volume, and postoperative opioid use were lower in the ERAS group. CONCLUSIONS: The ERAS protocol for MD surgery reduces LOS, cost and opioid use and accelerates patient recovery.
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Analgésicos Opioides , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Estudios Retrospectivos , DiscectomíaRESUMEN
Individual biomathematical models of fatigue (BMMF) are promising tools for detecting fatigue and possible incidents. Existing individual BMMFs have been validated in laboratory experiments in which subjects experience total sleep deprivation (TSD) and regular chronic sleep deprivation (CSD). However, some shift populations experience mild sleep deprivation (MSD) or irregular sleep deprivation (ISD) in real life. We employed the adaptive momentum estimation algorithm to adjust the classical SAFTE model for an individual. Model individualisation can be performed in real-time when new performance data are collected. The individual SAFTE model was compared with existing BMMFs in TSD, CSD, MSD, and ISD. The validation results show that the individual SAFTE model has advantages in MSD and ISD datasets collected from officers and truck drivers in real life. This study expands previous research results on the real-time individualisation of BMMFs and exposes individual BMMFs to various sleep-deprivation conditions in the field. Practitioner summary: This study proposes an individual biomathematical models of fatigue to predict human performance in mild and irregular sleep deprivation. The validation results in both laboratory and field show the proposed model has advantages over existing models when predicting officers' and truck drivers' performance in real life.
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An ejector refrigeration system is a promising heat-driven refrigeration technology for energy consumption. The ideal cycle of an ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) is a compound cycle with an inverse Carnot cycle driven by a Carnot cycle. The coefficient of performance (COP) of this ideal cycle represents the theoretical upper bound of ERC, and it does not contain any information about the properties of working fluids, which is a key cause of the large energy efficiency gap between the actual cycle and the ideal cycle. In this paper, the limiting COP and thermodynamics perfection of subcritical ERC is derived to evaluate the ERC efficiency limit under the constraint of pure working fluids. 15 pure fluids are employed to demonstrate the effects of working fluids on limiting COP and limiting thermodynamics perfection. The limiting COP is expressed as the function of the working fluid thermophysical parameters and the operating temperatures. The thermophysical parameters are the specific entropy increase in the generating process and the slope of the saturated liquid, and the limiting COP increases with these two parameters. The result shows R152a, R141b, and R123 have the best performance, and the limiting thermodynamic perfections at the referenced state are 86.8%, 84.90%, and 83.67%, respectively.
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BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common trauma in clinical practices. Subacute SCI is mainly characterized by neuronal apoptosis, axonal demyelination, Wallerian degeneration, axonal remodeling, and glial scar formation. It has been discovered in recent years that inflammatory responses are particularly important in subacute SCI. However, the mechanisms mediating inflammation are not completely clear. METHODS: The gene expression profiles of GSE20907, GSE45006, and GSE45550 were downloaded from the GEO database. The models of the three gene expression profiles were all for SCI to the thoracic segment of the rat. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were performed using R software, and functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed using Metascape. Module analysis was performed using Cytoscape. Finally, the relative mRNA expression level of central genes was verified by RT-PCR. RESULTS: A total of 206 candidate genes were identified, including 164 up-regulated genes and 42 down-regulated genes. The PPI network was evaluated, and the candidate genes enrichment results were mainly related to the production of tumor necrosis factors and innate immune regulatory response. Twelve core genes were identified, including 10 up-regulated genes and 2 down-regulated genes. Finally, seven hub genes with statistical significance in both the RT-PCR results and expression matrix were identified, namely Itgb1, Ptprc, Cd63, Lgals3, Vav1, Shc1, and Casp4. They are all related to the activation process of microglia. CONCLUSION: In this study, we identified the hub genes and signaling pathways involved in subacute SCI using bioinformatics methods, which may provide a molecular basis for the future treatment of SCI.
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Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Animales , Biología Computacional , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-vav , RatasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Enhance recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a new and promising paradigm for spine surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a multimodal and evidence-based ERAS pathway to the patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). METHODS: The patients treated with the ACDF-ERAS pathway were compared with a historical cohort of patients who underwent ACDF before ERAS pathway implementation. Primary outcome was length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included cost, MacNab grading, complication rates and 90-day readmission and reoperation. And perioperative factors and postoperative complications were reviewed. RESULTS: The ERAS protocol was composed of 21 components. More patients undergoing multi-level surgery (n ≥ 3) were included in the ERAS group. The ERAS group showed a shorter LOS and a lower cost than the conventional group. The postoperative satisfaction of patients in ERAS group was better than that in conventional group. In addition, the rate of overall complications was significantly higher in the conventional group than that in the ERAS group. There were no significant differences in operative time, postoperative drainage, or 90-day readmission and reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: The ACDF-tailored ERAS pathway can reduce LOS, cost and postoperative complications, and improve patient satisfaction without increasing 90-day readmission and reoperation.
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Recuperación Mejorada Después de la Cirugía , Alta del Paciente , Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Discectomía/efectos adversos , Humanos , Tiempo de InternaciónRESUMEN
Social networks have long been viewed as a structural determinant of health. With the proliferation of digital technologies, numerous studies have examined the health implications of online social networks (OSNs). However, the mechanisms through which OSNs may influence individual health are poorly understood. Employing a social network approach, this paper presents a systematic review of the literature examining how network characteristics of OSNs are linked to individuals' health behavior and/or status. Drawing on keyword searches in nine databases, we identified and analyzed 22 relevant articles from 1,705 articles published prior to 2017. The findings show that individual health is associated with a number of network characteristics, including both individual-level attributes (e.g., centrality) and network-level attributes (e.g., density, clustering). All of the included studies (n = 22) have focused on egocentric networks, and nine studies also collected whole network data of online health communities. Based on our review, we highlight three fruitful areas in the application of OSNs in public health: (1) disease and risk detection, (2) disease prevention and intervention, and (3) health behavior change. However, the precise mechanisms and causal pathways through which OSNs affect health remain unclear. More theoretically grounded, longitudinal, and mixed methods research is needed to advance this line of research.
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Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Red Social , Humanos , Salud Pública , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
Objective: Baicalein, one of the most abundant flavonoids found in Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibits pharmacological activities against various cancers. However, the precise pharmacological mechanism of baicalein in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanism of baicalein against CRPC through a combination of network pharmacology and experimental approaches, thereby providing new avenues for research in CRPC treatment. Methods: The pharmacological and molecular properties of baicalein were obtained using the TCMSP database. Baicalein-related targets were collected from multiple sources including SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper and CTD. Targets related to CRPC were acquired from DisGeNET, GeneCards, and CTD. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed using STRING 11.5, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was utilized to explore the core targets of baicalein on CRPC. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. Cell experiments were carried out to confirm the validity of the targets. Results: A total of 131 potential targets of baicalein for the treatment of CRPC were obtained. Among them, TP53, AKT1, ALB, CASP3, and HSP90AA1, etc., were recognized as core targets by Cytoscape 3.7.2. GO function enrichment analysis yielded 926 entries, including 703 biological process (BP) terms, 84 cellular component (CC) terms and 139 molecular function (MF) terms. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis unveiled 159 signaling pathways, mainly involved in Pathways in cancer, prostate cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TP53 signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. Cell experiments confirmed that baicalein may inhibit the proliferation of CRPC cells and induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. This effect could be associated with the TP53/CDK2/cyclin E1 pathway. In addition, the results of CETSA suggest that baicalein may directly bind to TP53. Conclusion: Based on network pharmacology analysis and cell experiments, we have predicted and validated the potential targets and related pathways of baicalein for CRPC treatment. This comprehensive approach provides a scientific basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the action of baicalein in CRPC treatment. Furthermore, these findings offer valuable insights and serve as a reference for the research and development of novel anti-CRPC drugs.
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Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium strains that is harmful to the intestinal health of animals and is widely present in contaminated crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic target of ZEN-induced jejunal damage in weaned gilts. Sixteen weaned gilts either received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/kg ZEN in a 32-day experiment. The results showed that ZEN at the concentration of 3.0 mg/kg diet activated the inflammatory response and caused oxidative stress of gilts (P < 0.05). ZEN exposure resulted in the up-regulation (P < 0.05) of the Exchange protein directly activated by the cAMP 1/Ras-related protein1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Epac1/Rap1/JNK signaling pathway in the jejunum of gilts in vivo and in the intestinal porcine epithelial cells in vitro. The cell viability, EdU-positive cells, and the mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were decreased, whereas the reactive oxygen species production and the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Caspase3) were increased (P < 0.05) by ZEN. However, ZEN increased the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the mRNA expressions of Bax and caspase3 (P < 0.05) after the Epac1 was blocked. These results collectively indicated that 3.0 mg ZEN /kg diet induced jejunal damage via the Epac1/Rap1/JNK signaling pathway.
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Disruption of intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis caused by oxidative stress and nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) senescence is a main cause of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway plays an important role in IVD development, but its roles in IDD are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Shh pathway on the alleviation of IDD and the related mechanisms. In vivo, the effect of the Shh pathway on IVD homeostasis was studied by intraperitoneal injection of recombinant Shh (rShh) and GANT61 based on puncture-induced IDD. GANT61, lentivirus-coated sh-Gli1 and rShh were used to investigate the role and mechanism of the Shh pathway in NPCs based on senescence induced by Braco19 and oxidative stress induced by TBHP. Shh pathway expression decreased, and senescence and oxidative stress increased with age. Intraperitoneal injection of rShh activated the Shh pathway to suppress oxidative stress and NPC senescence and consequently alleviated needle puncture-induced IDD. In vitro, the Shh pathway upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression to suppress oxidative stress and senescence in NPCs. Moreover, GPX4 suppression in NPCs by si-GPX4 significantly reduced the protective effect of the Shh pathway on oxidative stress and senescence in NPCs. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the Shh pathway plays a key role in the alleviation of IDD by suppressing oxidative stress and cell senescence in NP tissues. This study provides a new potential target for the prevention and reversal of IDD.
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Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral , Núcleo Pulposo , Humanos , Núcleo Pulposo/metabolismo , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/metabolismo , Proteínas Hedgehog/genética , Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: With rising rates of maxillofacial fracture, postoperative infection following rigid internal fixation is an important issue that requires immediate resolution. It is important to explore an alternative antibacterial method apart from conventional antibiotics. A controlled experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a caerin 1.9 peptide-coated titanium plate in reducing mandibular infection in New Zealand (NZ) rabbits, aiming to minimise the risk of post-metallic implantation infection. METHODS: Twenty-two NZ rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. The experiment group received caerin 1.9 peptide-coated titanium plates and mixed oral bacteria exposure. The control group received normal titanium plates with mixed oral bacteria exposure. The untreated group served as a control to prove that bacteria in the mouth can cause infection. Weight, temperature, hepatic function, and C-reactive protein levels were measured. Wound and bone conditions were evaluated. Further analysis included local infection, anatomic conditions, histology, and bacterial load. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in temperature, weight, blood alanine aminotransferase, and C-reactive protein levels amongst the 3 groups. The experiment group showed the lowest amount of bacterial RNA in wounds. Additionally, the experiment group had higher peripheral lymphocyte counts compared to the control group and lower neutrophil counts on the third and seventh day postoperatively. Histologic analysis revealed lower levels of inflammatory cell infiltration, bleeding, and areas of necrosis in the experimental group compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: A caerin 1.9-coated titanium plate is able to inhibit bacterial growth in a NZ rabbit mandibular mixed bacteria infection model and is worth further investigation.
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The introduce of a nanomaterial interlayer between the substrate and polyamide is identified as a promising strategy to construct highly performed membranes. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are potential candidates as interlayer for advanced thin-film nanocomposite interlayer (TFNi) membranes. Nevertheless, low permeability, selectivity and long-term stability are still critical issues in TFNi membrane manufacture. Herein, a scalable approach for constructing TFNi membranes was implemented using stacked MXene nanosheets as interlayer, wherein the Fe3O4 nanoparticles worked as the sacrificial template to regulate the interlayer spacing of the 2D channels. SEM, XPS, water contact angle, and zeta potential were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of prepared TFNi membranes, and the results shows that the presence of MXene interlayer increased the hydrophilicity, thinness and roughness of polyamide layer compared to that of pure TFC membranes. Besides, the enlarged interlayer channel after the sacrifice of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles greatly boosted the transport of the water molecules. The resultant membranes exhibited nearly double fold of water flux (66.4 ± 3.45 L·m-2·h-1) and higher selective separation factor (48.4) compared with those prepared without interlayer, while the outstanding salt rejection (>97 %) was maintained. This work achieves an innovative strategy for multifunctional polyamide nanofiltration membrane construction.
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Nanocompuestos , Nylons , Salinidad , Membranas Artificiales , AguaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The precise diagnosis and treatment of spinal infections (SI) remains challenging for spine surgeons. Identifying the pathogens of SI through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) may be a key approach to addressing this challenge. PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy and applicability of mNGS in determining the etiology of SI. STUDY DESIGN: Diagnostic test study. PATIENT SAMPLE: Twenty-five patients who had a clinical suspicion of SI and underwent mNGS testing. OUTCOME MEASURES: The specificity, sensitivity, and time cost of mNGS and bacterial culture were compared. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. Demographic data and laboratory results (blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), and C-reactive protein level (CRP) were also evaluated. METHODS: In this retrospective study, samples were obtained from 25 eligible patients via surgery or CT-guided puncture and subjected to histopathological examination, bacterial culture, and mNGS. The sensitivity and specificity of the bacterial cultures and mNGS were calculated with respect to the histopathological results as a reference. Postoperative antibiotics or antituberculosis drugs were administered on the basis of mNGS results, combined with clinical manifestations, imaging examination, and histopathology. The changes of clinical outcomes and laboratory results after treatment were observed. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients, 21 had a positive pathology, of which 10 showed a tuberculous pathology, and the remaining 11 showed a nontuberculous inflammatory pathology. The sensitivity of mNGS was higher than that of the bacterial culture. However, the difference in specificity between bacterial culture and mNGS was not significant. Moreover, the time needed to perform mNGS was significantly lower than that of bacterial culture and pathology. All patients were followed up for more than three months, and CRP and NEUT% significantly decreased by three months after treatment. There was no significant difference in WBC and ESR. The ODI, NRS and JOA scores were significantly improved after treatment. CONCLUSION: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology can play an important role in the detection of pathogens in SI and should be further investigated and applied in future studies.
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Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Ortopedia , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Antituberculosos , Neutrófilos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the most common chronic disease. Oxidative stress and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells disrupt intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis, which is the main cause of IDD. Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) is an important transcription factor in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Depletion of Gli1 accelerates the occurrence and development of degenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the role of aging related Gli1 depletion in the progression of IDD. Methods: The relationship between aging related Gli1 depletion and IDD was studied in the NP tissues of human and rats of different ages, and the levels of oxidative stress and NP cell apoptosis during IDD were explored. Gli1 depletion of NP cells were established by targeting inhibitor GANT61 or lentivirus-coated Gli1 sh-RNA (sh-Gli1) to explore the role of Gli1 in NP cells and underlying mechanism. Exogenous Gli1 depletion induced IDD of rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of GANT61. Also, the roles of Fos in the Gli1 depletion induced NP cell oxidative stress, apoptosis and IDD were investigated. Results: Gli1 was down-regulated in the tissues of degenerative NP, and the level of Gli1 was negatively correlated with the severity of aging related IDD in human and rats. Furthermore, we found enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis in degenerative NP tissues. Gli1 depletion promoted oxidative stress and apoptosis of NP cells and resulted in the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and decreased ECM synthesis. Transcriptome sequencing showed that Gli1 depletion caused Fos activation in NP cells. the effect of Gli1 depletion on the oxidative stress and apoptosis of NP cells were retarded by Fos inhibitor. In vivo, Fos inhibition alleviated the IDD induced by exogenous Gli1 depletion. Conclusions: This study revealed for the first time that Gli1 is gradually depleted in NP with IDD progression. Exogenous Gli1 depletion causes oxidative stress and apoptosis of NP cells both in vivo and in vitro. Fos suppression effectively retards the destructive effects of Gli1 depletion on IVD homoeostasis.The translational potential of this article: This study may provide new potential targets for preventing and reversing IDD. Maintaining Gli1 expression in NP and suppressing Fos activation may be an effective treatment strategy for IDD.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the application of different wheat bran fermentation sources in growing pigs. A total of 320 pigs (43 ± 0.21 kg), were randomly allocated to 5 groups in a 21-d trial. The control group was fed a basal diet (CON) containing raw wheat bran, and the other four treatments were fed the diets in which the raw wheat bran in the basal diet was substituted with Aspergillus niger (WBA), Bacillus licheniformis (WBB), Candida utilis (WBC), and Lactobacillus plantarum (WBL) fermented wheat bran, respectively. The results showed that compared to the CON group, the crude fiber and pH values were decreased (p < 0.05), while the gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), and lactic acid values were increased (p < 0.05) in all the wheat bran fermented by different strains. Compared with other treatments, feeding B. licheniformis fermented wheat bran had higher final weight, average daily gain, as well as lower feed-to-gain ratio. Compared with CON group, pigs fed with fermented wheat bran diets had higher dry matter, CP, and GE availability, serum total protein, albumin and superoxide dismutase levels, and fecal Lactobacillus counts, as well as lower malondialdehyde level and fecal Escherichia coli count. Collectively, our findings suggested that feeding fermented wheat bran, especially B. licheniformis fermented wheat bran, showed beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant capacity, and the gut microbiota structure of growing pigs.
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BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that can lead to tissue loss and neurological dysfunction. TNIP2 is a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling due to its capacity to bind A20 and suppress inflammatory cytokines-induced NF-κB activation. However, the anti-inflammatory role of TNIP2 in SCI remains unclear. Our study's intention was to evaluate the effect of TNIP2 on the inflammatory response of microglia after spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: HE staining and Nissl staining were performed on day 3 following SCI to analyze the histological changes. To further investigate the functional changes of TNIP2 after SCI, we performed immunofluorescence staining experiments. The effect of LPS on TNIP2 expression in BV2 cells was examined by western blot. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in spinal cord tissues of rats with SCI and in BV2 cells with LPS were measured by using qPCR. RESULTS: TNIP2 expression was closely associated with the pathophysiology of SCI in rats, and TNIP2 was involved in regulating functional changes in microglia. TNIP2 expression was increased during SCI in rats and that overexpression of TNIP2 inhibited M1 polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in microglia, which might ultimately protect against inflammatory responses through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence for a role of TNIP2 in the regulation of inflammation in SCI and suggests that induction of TNIP2 expression alleviated the inflammatory response of microglia.
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Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , FN-kappa B , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Animales , Ratas , Inflamación/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos , Microglía/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Although the relationship between trade and environment has been widely discussed in past studies, trade policy has been in a state of continuous change in recent years. Previous studies have focused on the impact of trade opening or liberalization on the environment, ignoring discussion of the dynamic changes of trade policy. Therefore, it is very important to explore the connection between trade policy changes and environmental pollution for future environmental protection. In order to realize the in-depth study of this mechanism, the paper will try to solve the following three problems: (1) What is the relationship between change in trade policy uncertainty and China's environmental pollution? (2) What is the mechanism by which trade uncertainty changes environmental pollution? (3) Due to China's vast territory and regional differences, will changes in trade policy uncertainty have heterogeneous effects due to regional differences? To solve these problems, based on China's accession to the WTO at the end of 2001, this paper, for the first time, uses PM2.5 concentration data of 246 prefecture-level cities in China to explore the impact of trade policy uncertainty on China's environmental pollution, then we make an in-depth analysis of the impact path and heterogeneity of urban spatial distribution and city size. We found that, after China's accession to the WTO, the growth rate of PM2.5 concentration reduced in cities with lower trade policy uncertainty and the inhibition effect was different due to the spatial distribution of city size. A further mechanism test shows that reduction in trade policy uncertainty can improve environmental pollution through industrial, structural and technological effects.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , China , Ciudades , Contaminación Ambiental/análisis , Material Particulado/análisis , Políticas , IncertidumbreRESUMEN
The torrefaction pretreatment is of great significance to the efficient conversion of biomass residues into bioenergy. In this study, the effects of the three torrefaction temperatures (200, 250, and 300 °C) on the pyrolysis performance and products of coffee grounds (CG) were quantified. The torrefaction treatment increased the initial devolatilization and maximum peak temperatures of the CG pyrolysis. Activation energy of CG250 was lower than that of CG and more conducive to the pyrolysis. Torrefaction altered the distributions of the pyrolytic products and promoted the generation of C=C. Torrefaction changed the composition ratio of the pyrolytic bio-oils although cyanoacetic acid and 2-butene still dominated the bio-oils. The joint optimization pointed to pyrolysis temperature > 600 °C and torrefaction temperature ≤ 270 °C as the optimal conditions. Our experimental results also verified that torrefaction of CG may be more suitable at 200 and 250 °C than 300 °C.