[A Cohort Study on the Prognosis of Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma Using the Miyazaki Urological Cancer Database (MUCD)].

Miyazaki Urological Cancer Database (MUCD) is a web-based database containing background, treatment, and prognosis of patients with prostate, renal, and urothelial cancers diagnosed in Miyazaki. We entered information on patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma from 2014 to 2018 at 4 of the 17 facilities that diagnose urothelial carcinoma in Miyazaki Prefecture. We analyzed the overall survival for bladder cancer and upper urinary tract cancer, and examined its correlation with the presence of symptoms, urine cytology, and clinical TNM classification. There were 487 patients with urothelial carcinoma, comprising 372 (76%) with bladder cancer and 115 (24%) with upper tract urinary cancer. In the bladder cancer group, 301 (81%) patients had symptomatic disease and 119 (32%) had positive urine cytology. The stage according to the TNM classification was Ta-1N0, T2-4N0, N1-2M0 and M1 in 248 (67%), 94 (26%), 19 (5%) and 11 (3%) patients, respectively. In the upper urinary tract cancers group, 89 (76%) had symptomatic disease and 41 (36%) had positive urine cytology. The stage according to the TNM classification was Ta-1N0, T2-4N0, N1-2M0 and M1 in 45 (39%), 37 (32%), 11 (10%) and 22 (19%) patients, respectively. The 3-year survival rates for bladder and upper urinary tract cancer were 83.4% and 67.8%, respectively. TNM classification (≤T1 vs ≥T2≥) was significantly associated with overall survival (bladder cancer : HR＝7.07, 95% CI＝3.13-16.0, p＜0.0001 ; upper tract urinary cancer : HR＝6.33, 95% CI＝2.13-18.8, p＝0.0009). The prognosis of patients with urothelial carcinoma diagnosed in multiple institutions could be evaluated using MUCD. The clinical T stage was significantly associated with overall survival in patients with bladder cancer and patients with upper urinary tract cancer.

Use of the anterior prostatic urethral mucosa preservation technique during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate can reduce postoperative stress urinary incontinence.

INTRODUCTION: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is an effective and safe surgery for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, some patients exhibit postoperative urinary incontinence. Here, we compared surgical outcomes and incidence of stress urinary incontinence between HoLEP with and without anterior prostatic urethral mucosa preservation (APUMP). METHODS: All patients in this study underwent HoLEP with APUMP technique (APUMP group) and without APUMP technique (no-APUMP group). Enucleation weight, enucleation time, max flow rate increase at 3 months, and urinary incontinence rates immediately after catheter removal and at 1 month after surgery were compared between the groups. RESULTS: In the APUMP (n = 340) and no-APUMP (n = 75) groups, the median enucleation weights were 34.5 and 35.0 g, respectively (p = .982). The corresponding median enucleation times were 33.0 and 46.5 min (p < .01), and median max flow rate increases at 1 month were 10.5 and 9.9 mL/s (p = .89). The urinary incontinence rates immediately after catheter removal were 4.1% and 14.7% (p < .01), and were 3.8% and 12.0% (p < .01) at 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSION: HoLEP using the APUMP technique could be performed with a shorter operative time while maintaining efficacy. The incidence of postoperative urinary incontinence could be decreased by APUMP, indicating that such preservation facilitates the maintenance of urinary continence after surgery.

A case of hyperammonemia occurring during treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with axitinib.

Introduction: Although the incidence of hyperammonemia as an adverse event of tyrosine kinase inhibitors is quite low, several cases of tyrosine kinase inhibitor associated hyperammonemia have been reported. We report a case of hyperammonemia, that occurred during combined treatment with axitinib and pembrolizumab in a metastatic renal cell carcinoma patient without hepatic disorder or liver metastases. Case presentation: A 77-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and was treated with pembrolizumab and axitinib. Both agents were subsequently discontinued due to hyperammonemia with hypothyroidism. After recovery, the patient resumed single-agent therapy with axitinib. However, hyperammonemia and hypothyroidism occurred again, suggesting axitinib-inducible adverse event. After nephrectomy, a lower dose of axitinib was restarted and continued safely for residual metastases under prophylactic treatment with aminoleban, lactulose, and levothyroxine. Conclusion: The rare occurrence of hyperammonemia should be considered during treatment with VEGFR- targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor including axitinib, and supportive prophylactic medication may be useful.