Real-time three-dimensional jaw tracking in temporomandibular disorders.

When a dysfunction occurs in any component of the stomatognathic system, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) may originate. The aim of this study was to compare the deviations, displacement and the execution speed of mandibular movements among asymptomatic participants and those with TMD. Convenience sampling was used; forty participants diagnosed by clinical evaluation following the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders were divided into three groups: arthropathy (GART, 10 participants, 40% men), myopathy (GMYO, 10 participants, 30% men), and the control group (CG, 20 asymptomatic participants, 25% men). Participants were asked to perform the movements of free maximal mouth opening and closing, right and left lateral excursions, and protrusion with sliding teeth contacts. The mandibular trajectory was recorded using opto-electronic devices tracking reflective markers placed in front of the 'soft tissue pogonion point'. The movements were analysed on the following axis: x - medial-lateral, y - vertical, z - antero-posterior. Significative differences were found in CGxGART - unassisted maximal mouth opening and closing projection on y-axis (OCY), CGxGMYO - unassisted maximal mouth opening and closing projection on x-axis (OCX), and in the measures Opening lateral deviation on x-axis (OLDX), closing lateral deviation on x-axis (CLDX) and in the measures of speed for both. In regard to GARTxGMYO, a significative difference was found in Protrusion lateral deviation on x-axis (PLDX) 'Conover-Iman Test of Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums' using Bonferroni correction (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the total opening movements in individuals with TMD tended to have higher deviation than in those asymptomatic individuals and a reduction in the speed of movements.

Biochemical and hormonal parameters of goats kept in a controlled environment consuming water with different levels of salinity / [Parâmetros bioquímicos e hormonais de caprinos consumindo água com diferentes níveis de salinidade mantidos em ambiente controlado]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the biochemical and hormonal variables of Moxotó and Canindé goats submitted to two temperatures - 26.0±0.6 (thermoneutral) and 32.0±1.2°C (above thermal comfort zone) - and consuming water with three levels of salinity (1.0, 6.0 and 12.0 dSm-1). Thirty-six animals (18 of each breed) were used, with an average age of 5.0±0.6months and an average weight of 20.0±2.3kg, housed in metabolic cages inside a climate chamber. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme (2 breeds, 2 temperatures and 3 levels of salinity) and three replications. The glucose and urea had a significant effect (P>0.05) according to water salinity. Glucose, cholesterol, protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase and hormones (T4, T3 and cortisol) varied according to temperature (P<0.05). There was a significant effect of time on hormonal variables (P<0.05). Biochemical and hormonal variables changed according to temperature and day shift, so that metabolism was reduced in the animals under thermal stress and accelerated when animals were in the thermal comfort zone.(AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as variáveis bioquímicas e hormonais de caprinos das raças Moxotó e Canindé, submetidos a duas temperaturas (26,0±0,6ºC e 32,0±1,2ºC), termoneutra e acima da zona de conforto térmico, respectivamente), consumindo água com três níveis de salinidade (1,0, 6,0 e 12,0dSm-1), utilizando-se 36 animais (18 de cada raça), com idade média de 5,0±0,6 meses e peso médio de 20,0±2,3kg, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas no interior de uma câmara climática. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com esquema fatorial de 2 x 2 x 3 (2 raças, 2 temperaturas e 3 níveis de salinidade) e três repetições. A glicose e a ureia apresentaram efeito significativo (P<0,05) em função da salinidade da água. Glicose, colesterol, proteína, albumina, globulina, AST e hormônios (T4, T3 e cortisol) variaram conforme as temperaturas (P<0,05). Observou-se efeito significativo do horário sobre as variáveis hormonais (P<0,05). As variáveis bioquímicas e hormonais sofrem alterações em função da temperatura e do turno do dia, de modo que o metabolismo é reduzido em animais sob estresse térmico e acelerado quando os animais encontram-se na zona de conforto térmico.(AU)

Influence of the climatic environment and duration of labor on the mother-offspring interaction in Morada Nova sheep.

The objective of this study was to confirm the influences of stress from labor and climate on the formation of the mother-offspring bond in Morada Nova sheep in the first 2 h after delivery or at the moment of the first suckling of the newborn. The data were collected from 80 Morada Nova ewes (25 primiparous and 55 multiparous) and their lambs in 2 periods of the year. On the basis of the average length of parturition and the black globe temperature-humidity index (BGTHI) at the time of the birth, the ewes were grouped into 3 classes corresponding to the length of parturition, classified as short (less than 15 min), medium (between 15 and 30 min), or long (more than 30 min). Similarly, the BGTHI at the moment of birth was classified into 1 of 3 ranges: low (less than 65), intermediate (greater than 65 but less than 80), and high (greater than 80). For the characterization of mother-offspring behavior, evaluations were performed in the first 2 h after birth or until the moment of the first suckling of the newborn. Maternal factors such as maternal grooming, facilitating sucking, frequency of low-pitched bleats, and latency to groom were recorded. For the lamb, attempts to seek the udder, the frequency of low-pitched bleats, latency to first reaction, latency to stand, and latency to suckle were recorded. The lambs were slower (P < 0.05) to stand and suckle when they were born in conditions of a BGTHI below 65. The latencies to stand and suckle were greater (P < 0.05) in newborn lambs born during labor that took more than 30 min. For maternal behaviors, activities such as maternal grooming and the facilitation of suckling were greater (P < 0.05) during the time periods with higher bioclimatic index values. Moreover, the dams cleaned or licked (maternal grooming) the newborns for a lower percentage of time (P < 0.05) when the labor lasted longer than 30 min. From the present study, it can be concluded that newborn Morada Nova lambs are slower to stand and suckle when born under BGTHI conditions below 65. Furthermore, prolonged labor harms the mother-offspring bond, especially in terms of the dam's ability to clean (maternal grooming) her lamb's body and facilitate its first suckling.

Efeito do regime alimentar sobre o perfil metabólico de ovinos Santa Inês em confinamento / Effect of diet on the metabolic profile of Santa Inês sheep feedlot

Avaliou-se o perfil metabólico de 40 ovinos Santa Inês, inteiros, com peso vivo médio inicial de 17±1,7kg,, submetidos à restrição alimentar seguida de realimentação em confinamento, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: 0, 20, 40 e 60% de restrição alimentar. Dois ensaios foram desenvolvidos, um referente à restrição e outro à realimentação. Para tanto, foi utilizado delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e 10 repetições, e distribuído em fatorial cruzado 4x3. Observou-se na fase de restrição que os níveis de fósforo foram mais altos nos animais sob restrição alimentar; o mesmo ocorrendo na fase final para as concentrações de proteínas totais (PT), albumina (Alb) e colesterol total. A gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT) decresceu de forma linear com o aumento da restrição. No segundo ensaio, verificou-se que as concentrações de PT, Alb, globulina, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade, GGT e magnésio (Mg) apresentaram diferença (P<0,05) entre os períodos de coleta. Já na restrição prévia, observou-se comportamento linear decrescente para GGT e interação tratamento versus período de coleta para a concentração de cálcio. Os níveis de restrição alimentar afetaram o metabolismo proteico e não interferiram no metabolismo energético, e a realimentação resultou em alteração no metabolismo proteico, energético e mineral.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of 40 Santa Inês sheep, whole, with average weight of 17±1,7kg, submitted to food restriction followed by refeeding in confinement, distributed in four treatments: 0, 20, 40 and 60% restriction food. Two tests were developed, one for restriction and one for refeeding. In this experiment a completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and 10 repetitions, distributed in a factorial 4x3 crossover. In the constraint phase it was observed that phosphorus levels were higher in animals under food restriction, this also occurred in the final stage for of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb) and total cholesterol concentrations. The gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased linearly with increasing restriction. On the second trial it was found that concentrations of PT, Alb, globulin, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, GGT and Mg were similar (P<0,05) between collection periods. In the previous restriction, a decreasing linear behavior and interaction treatment for GGT versus collection period for the concentration of calcium was observed. The levels of food restriction affect protein metabolism and did not interfere with energy metabolism, and feedback resulted in changes in protein, energy and mineral metabolism.