Quality indicators for hospital burn care: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Burn treatments are complex, and for this reason, a specialised multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Evaluating the quality of care provided to acute burn patients through quality indicators makes it possible to develop and implement measures aiming at better results. There is a lack of information on which indicators to evaluate care in burn patients. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify a list of quality indicators used to evaluate the quality of hospital care provided to acute burn patients and indicate possible aspects of care that do not have specific indicators in the literature. METHOD: A comprehensive scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Lilacs/VHL) between July 25 and 30, 2022 and redone on October 6, 2022. Potentially relevant articles were evaluated for eligibility. General data and the identified quality indicators were collected for each included article. Each indicator was classified as a structure, process, or outcome indicator. RESULTS: A total of 1548 studies were identified, 82 were included, and their reference lists were searched, adding 19 more publications. Thus, data were collected from 101 studies. This review identified eight structure quality indicators, 72 process indicators, and 19 outcome indicators listed and subdivided according to their objectives. CONCLUSION: This study obtained a list of quality indicators already used to monitor and evaluate the hospital care of acute burn patients. These indicators may be useful for further research or implementation in quality improvement programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework platform on June 27, 2022 ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NAW85 ).

A study of cases reported as incidents in a public hospital from 2011 to 2014.

OBJECTIVE: Analyzing incidents reported in a public hospital in the Federal District, Brasilia, according to the characteristics and outcomes involving patients. METHOD: A descriptive and retrospective study of incidents reported between January 2011 and September 2014. RESULTS: 209 reported incidents were categorized as reportable occurrences (n = 22, 10.5%), near misses (n = 16, 7.7%); incident without injury (n = 4, 1.9%) and incident with injury (adverse events) (n = 167, 79.9%). The average age of patients was 44 years and the hospitalization time until the moment of the incident was on average 38.5 days. Nurses were the healthcare professionals who most reported the incidents (n = 55, 67%). No outcomes resulted in death. CONCLUSION: Incidents related to blood/hemoderivatives, medical devices/equipment, patient injuries and intravenous medication/fluids were the most frequent. Standardizing the reporting processes and enhancing participation by professionals in managing incidents is recommended. OBJETIVO: Analisar os incidentes notificados em um hospital público do Distrito Federal, segundo as características e os desfechos quando envolveram pacientes. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo dos incidentes notificados entre janeiro de 2011 e setembro de 2014. RESULTADOS: Notificados 209 incidentes categorizados em ocorrência comunicável (n = 22, 10,5%), quase evento (n = 16, 7,7%), incidente sem dano (n = 4, 1,9%) e incidente com dano (eventos adversos) (n = 167, 79,9%). A idade média dos pacientes foi de 44 anos e o tempo da internação até o momento do incidente teve média de 38,5 dias. Os enfermeiros foram os que mais notificaram (n = 55, 67%). Nenhum desfecho resultou em morte. CONCLUSÃO: Os incidentes relacionados a sangue/hemoderivados, dispositivos/equipamento médico, acidentes do doente e medicação/fluidos endovenosos foram os mais frequentes. Recomenda-se padronizar os processos de notificação e potencializar a participação dos profissionais no manejo dos incidentes.

[Adherence to best care practices in normal birth: construction and validation of an instrument]. / Adesão às boas práticas na atenção ao parto normal: construção e validação de instrumento.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the stages of construction and validation of an instrument in order to analyze the adherence to best care practices during labour and birth. METHOD: Methodological research, carried out in three steps: construction of dimensions and items, face and content validity and semantic analysis of the items. RESULTS: The face and content validity was carried out by 10 judges working in healthcare, teaching and research. Items with Content Validity Index (CVI) ≥ 0.9 were kept in full or undergone revisions as suggested by the judges. Semantic analysis, performed twice, indicated that there was no difficulty in understanding the items. CONCLUSION: The instrument with three dimensions (organization of healthcare network to pregnancy and childbirth, evidence-based practices and work processes) followed the steps recommended in the literature, concluded with 50 items and total CVI of 0.98.

[Development and validation of an instrument for evaluating the ludicity of games in health education]. / Desenvolvimento e validação de instrumento para avaliar a ludicidade de jogos em saúde.

OBJECTIVE: Developing and validating an instrument to evaluate the playfulness of games in health education contexts. METHODOLOGY: A methodological, exploratory and descriptive research, developed in two stages: 1. Application of an open questionnaire to 50 graduate students, with content analysis of the answers and calculation of Kappa coefficient for defining items; 2. Procedures for construction of scales, with content validation by judges and analysis of the consensus estimate by Content Validity Index(CVI). RESULTS: 53 items regarding the restless character of the games in the dimensions of playfulness, the formative components of learning and the profiles of the players. CONCLUSION: Ludicity can be assessed by validated items related to the degree of involvement, immersion and reinvention of the subjects in the game along with the dynamics and playability of the game.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Elective and Emergency Surgeries, and Postoperative Mortality in a Brazilian Metropolitan Area: A Time-Series Cohort Study.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic posed a worldwide challenge, leading to radical changes in surgical services. The primary objective of the study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on elective and emergency surgeries in a Brazilian metropolitan area. The secondary objective was to compare the postoperative hospital mortality before and during the pandemic. Patients and Methods: Time-series cohort study including data of all patients admitted for elective or emergency surgery at the hospitals in the Public Health System of Federal District, Brazil, between March 2018 and February 2022, using data extracted from the Hospital Information System of Brazilian Ministry of Health (SIH/DATASUS) on September 30, 2022. A causal impact analysis was used to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on elective and emergency surgeries and hospital mortality. Results: There were 174,473 surgeries during the study period. There was a reduction in overall (absolute effect per week: -227.5; 95% CI: -307.0 to -149.0), elective (absolute effect per week: -170.9; 95% CI: -232.8 to -112.0), and emergency (absolute effect per week: -57.7; 95% CI: -87.5 to -27.7) surgeries during the COVID-19 period. Comparing the surgeries performed before and after the COVID-19 onset, there was an increase in emergency surgeries (53.0% vs 68.8%, P < 0.001) and no significant hospital length of stay (P = 0.112). The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on postoperative hospital mortality was not statistically significant (absolute effect per week: 2.1, 95% CI: -0.01 to 4.2). Conclusion: Our study showed a reduction in elective and emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly due to disruptions in surgical services. These findings highlight that it is crucial to implement effective strategies to prevent the accumulation of surgical waiting lists in times of crisis and improve outcomes for surgical patients.

Challenges related to the organizational climate of the nursing team in a public hospital - nurses' perception. / Desafios relacionados ao clima organizacional da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital público - percepção dos enfermeiros.

The organizational climate is related to the degree of motivation of its employees. This perception is essentially felt, it is neither seen nor touched, but it is real. This study aims to identify difficulties and potentialities related to the organizational climate of the nursing staff at a public hospital in the Federal District. Methodologically, a descriptive and exploratory study was carried out characterized by a qualitative approach. The thematic content analysis led to three interpretative dimensions: environment and working conditions; communication, interpersonal relationship and work flows; motivation to improve the work environment. The results indicate a deficit of human resources, scarcity of material resources, supplies, precarious physical structure, in addition to interpersonal relationship problems, such as the (de)valuation of professional nurses and nursing. The challenges posed to managers go beyond the technical and structural dimension, the technological complexity of equipment without maintenance, as it unfolds through the human dimension, feelings and unmet needs (of appreciation) of nursing, which needs to be cared for, valued, heard and seen in their care process.

O ambiente organizacional está relacionado com o grau de motivação de seus colaboradores. Essa percepção é essencialmente sentida, não se vê e nem se toca, mas tem uma existência real. Este estudo objetiva identificar as dificuldades e potencialidades relacionadas ao clima organizacional dos servidores de enfermagem de um hospital público do Distrito Federal. Metodologicamente foi realizado um estudo descritivo e exploratório caracterizado por uma abordagem qualitativa. A análise de conteúdo temática conduziu a três dimensões interpretativas: ambiente e condições de trabalho; comunicação, relacionamento interpessoal e fluxos de trabalho; e motivação para a melhoria do ambiente de trabalho. Os resultados apontam para um déficit de recursos humanos, escassez de recursos materiais, insumos, estrutura física precária, além de problemas de relacionamento interpessoal, como a (des)valorização do profissional enfermeiro e da enfermagem. Os desafios postos para os gestores estão para além da dimensão técnica e estrutural, da complexidade tecnológica dos equipamentos sem manutenção, desdobra-se pela dimensão humana, pelos sentimentos e pelas necessidades não atendidas (de valorização) da enfermagem, que precisa ser cuidada, valorizada, ouvida e vista no seu processo de cuidar.

[Factors associated with home care: support for care management within the SUS]. / Fatores associados à atenção domiciliária: subsídios à gestão do cuidado no âmbito do SUS.

The identification of variables associated with the type of home care (HC) of the users of the Unified Health System (UHS) contributes to the management of care in the Health Care Network (HCN). The objective was to identify variables associated with HC users in Basic Health Units (BHU) selected from Belo Horizonte. It was a transversal study in two BHU with all users (n=114) in HC in the covered area. We used a multiple logistic regression analysis for selection (stepwise) of significant variables. Greater clinical involvement of users (OR=27.47), a sad emotional state (OR=24.36), risk for pressure ulcer bythe Braden scale (OR=7.6) and semidependence by the Katz ADL index (OR=63.8) were obtained and were strongly associated with the type of HC (p<0.05). Variables based on the social, family and clinical context of the subjects subsidized the integral approach and decision-making of the healthcare team.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Births, Vaginal Deliveries, Cesarian Sections, and Maternal Mortality in a Brazilian Metropolitan Area: A Time-Series Cohort Study.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic posed a worldwide challenge, leading to radical changes in healthcare. The primary objective of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on birth, vaginal delivery, and cesarian section (c-section) rates. The secondary objective was to compare the maternal mortality before and after the pandemic. Patients and Methods: Time-series cohort study including data of all women admitted for childbirth (vaginal delivery or c-section) at the maternities in the Public Health System of Federal District, Brazil, between March 2018 and February 2022, using data extracted from the Hospital Information System of Brazilian Ministry of Health (SIH/DATASUS) on September 30, 2022. Causal impact analysis was used to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on birth, vaginal delivery, and c-section using the CausalImpact R package, and a propensity score matching was used to evaluate the effect on maternal mortality rate using the Easy R (EZR) software. Results: There were 150,617 births, and considering total births, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic was not statistically significant (absolute effect per week: 5.5, 95% CI: -24.0-33.4). However, there was an increase in c-sections after COVID-19 (absolute effect per week: 18.1; 95% CI: 11.9-23.9). After propensity score matching, the COVID-19 period was associated with increased maternal mortality (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.53-6.81). The e-value of the adjusted OR for the association between the post-COVID-19 period and maternal mortality was 5.89, with a 95% CI: 2.43, suggesting that unmeasured confounders were unlikely to explain the entirety of the effect. Conclusion: Our study revealed a rise in c-sections and maternal mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly due to disruptions in maternal care. These findings highlight that implementing effective strategies to protect maternal health in times of crisis and improve outcomes for mothers and newborns is crucial.

The teaching of good obstetric practices from the Residency preceptors' perspective. / O ensino das boas práticas obstétricas na perspectiva dos preceptores da Residência.

The aim of this study was to understand how the topic of good obstetric practices is taught in residency programs according to the preceptors' perception. This is a descriptive, exploratory study, with data triangulation, with a qualitative approach. A total of 35 professionals participated in the study, of which 21 were physicians and 14 nurses. Data were collected from March to June 2018. The analysis was supported by NVivo software. The nuclei of meanings and categories were identified in the different stages, in pedagogical projects: the structuring aspects, competence profile and guiding policies for normal childbirth; in the interviews: theoretical-practical approach and the practices present in the training and, in participant observation: aspects related to the structure of the scenarios and the use of practices. Possibilities and limits were observed in the role of preceptors in the training process, constituting an area that requires continuous attention, aimed at the strengthening of the pedagogical processes in order to expand the disruptive potential of new health professionals.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como o tema das boas práticas obstétricas é ensinado nos programas de residência na percepção dos preceptores. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com triangulação de dados, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa 35 profissionais, sendo 21 médicos e 14 enfermeiros. Os dados foram coletados entre março e junho de 2018. A análise teve o suporte do Software NVivo. Os núcleos de sentidos e as categorias foram identificados nas diversas etapas: nos projetos pedagógicos - os aspectos estruturantes, perfil de competências e políticas norteadoras do parto normal; nas entrevistas - abordagem teórico-prática e as práticas presentes na formação; e na observação participante - aspectos relacionados à estrutura dos cenários e à utilização das práticas. Foram observados possibilidades e limites na atuação dos preceptores no processo de formação, configurando-se em uma área que requer atenção contínua e direcionada ao fortalecimento dos processos pedagógicos, de forma a ampliar o potencial disruptivo dos novos profissionais de saúde.

Patient safety culture in primary health care: Medical office survey on patient safety culture in a Brazilian family health strategy setting.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the patient safety culture in Primary Health Care (PHC) setting after the transition to the Family Health Strategy (FHS) model in a Brazilian metropolitan area and compare the results between the categories of health care professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 246 workers from primary health care services in Federal District, Brazil. Data collection took place from October to December 2019 through the Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) application. Patient safety culture was considered positive when the score was above 60%. For comparisons between the categories of health care professionals', the ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for composite percent positive scores, and Pearson's chi-square or Fishers exact test for frequency and percentage of positive responses. RESULTS: The overall MOSPSC composite percent positive score was 49.9%. Among the 12 dimensions, only three showed a positive patient safety culture: Teamwork (73.1%), Organizational learning (62.9%), and Patient care tracking/follow-up (60.1%). The percentage of positive responses on overall quality assessment (78.1%) and overall patient safety assessment (78.0%) showed a positive evaluation. There was no significant difference in the composite percent positive score of overall MOSPSC (p = 0.135) and the percentage of positive responses on overall patient safety assessment (p = 0.156) between the categories of health care professionals. Overall quality assessment showed a significant difference between job roles (p < 0.001), in which nursing /health care technicians showed a significantly lower score than other job roles. CONCLUSION: The patient safety culture assessment showed a weakness in the patient safety in the PHC services. The MOSPSC and nine of its dimensions presented a negative safety culture assessment, regardless of the high scores in the overall patient safety and quality assessments.

Validation of Ludic-Quest to the playfulness of health games: gameplay and emotions on the field.

OBJECTIVE: to validate Ludic-quest construct and reliability to assess game playfulness, through latent factors in gameplay, perception of learning and emotions in the game. METHODS: a cross-sectional study to validate the instrument's psychometric properties. 247 people responded to the questionnaire after a match in the game Violetas. Exploratory Factor Analysis, using KMO (>0.7), Bertlett (p=0.005), Varimax and factor loading (>0.6). Reliability by Cronbach's alpha (>0.6). RESULTS: in gameplay/learning, KMO=0.859, Bertlett significant. The eigenvalue indicated four factors (reflections; immersion; challenges; aesthetics), 10 retained variables. In the factor analysis of emotions: KMO=0.817; Bartlett p=0.000. Extraction of four factors (pleasure; ostraenie; tension; fun), 10 retained variables. The 20 validated variables contain reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.716). CONCLUSIONS: the eight validated factors centralize playfulness in health game production, composing a reliable playfulness assessment instrument for use in research.

Indications for accurate and appropriate use of personal protective equipment for healthcare professionals. A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The speed of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put enormous pressure on hospitals and other healthcare facilities. This, together with blockages in several countries, has hindered the availability and accessibility of the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE). OBJECTIVE: To identify, systematically evaluate and summarize the available scientific evidence on the efficacy, safety, safe use and reuse of PPE for healthcare professionals, for preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of studies analyzing products for disinfecting and enabling reuse of PPE for coronavirus within the evidence-based health program of a federal university in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: A systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science and LILACS databases, for articles published up to November 30, 2020. RESULTS: Ten studies were selected. These analyzed the use of N95, surgical and cotton masks, face shields, flexible enclosures with plastic covers or polycarbonate intubation boxes and plastic curtains; and also PPE disinfection using several substances. CONCLUSION: Combined use of a face shield with a N95 mask proved to be superior to other associations for protecting healthcare workers. Some products are useful for disinfecting PPE, such as 70% ethanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite and a mixture of quaternary ammonium and H2O2, and hydrogen peroxide. Ultraviolet light and dry heat at 70 °C can be used to decontaminate N95 masks. REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4V5FD at the OPENSCIENCE Framework.

Comparison Between Students Admitted Through Regular Path and Affirmative Action Systems in a Brazilian Public Medical School.

Purpose: Affirmative action policies to provide access to higher education for socially vulnerable students have been implemented in several countries and have faced many questions nowadays. The aim of the study was to compare the socioeconomic background and performance during and after completing the undergraduate course of students admitted through the regular path and social quota systems in a public medical school in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including students admitted to a medical school within the School of Health Sciences (ESCS), in Brazil, between 2005 and 2012, and followed until May 2020. In the first phase, data collection was performed by analyzing documents from the ESCS academic management system and Brazilian government agencies. In the second phase, a survey with 12 questions was sent to the medical school alumni. The social quota system criteria were the public school attendance in all primary and secondary education levels. Results: Among 707 students, 204 (28.9%) were from the social quota and 503 (78.5%) from the regular path system. The place of residence of social quota students had a lower Human Development Index (p < 0.001) and per capita income (p < 0.001) when compared to regular path students. Regular path students were associated with the highest dropout from medical school (OR: 50.552, 95% CI: 12.438-205.453, p < 0.001). There was no difference between regular path and social quota students attending medical residency programs (OR: 1.780, 95% CI: 0.957-3.309, p = 0.069). Out of the 308 alumni who completed the survey, regular path students had more family members who were health professionals than social quota students (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences regarding monthly income, job satisfaction, employment, or management activities. Conclusion: Affirmative action targeted students with a disadvantaged socioeconomic background. Regular path students had a higher dropout rate than social quota students.

Health systems reforms in Latin America: neoliberal influences and challenges to the Sustainable Development Goals. / As reformas dos sistemas de saúde da América Latina: influências neoliberais e desafios aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.

This study analyzes the characteristics of health system reforms in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, the trend of public health spending, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It also discusses the neoliberal influences on public health reforms and the possible consequences for the upcoming Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study is a comparative, non-exhaustive literature review of selected countries, with data extracted from CEPALStat, Global Health Observatory, MDG Indicators platforms, and the Health in the Americas reports available in the Institutional Repository for Information Sharing of the Pan American Health Organization. The reforms were divided into three periods, namely: up to 1990, with a prevailing regulated national solidarity logic; 1990-2000, moving towards a market-oriented competitive logic; 2001-2015, evolving towards public logic programs, maintaining competition between service providers. Public spending fluctuated over time, and the MDG targets analyzed were not completely met. Changes in health systems followed the models prescribed by neoliberalism, with market-oriented competitive logic, weakening the care system and the achievement of the SDGs.

Analisam-se as características das reformas dos sistemas de saúde de países da América Latina e Caribe (ALC), a evolução dos gastos públicos e dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM). Discutem-se as influências neoliberais nas reformas e as possíveis consequências para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) que os sucederam. Estudo comparado de países selecionados. Dados extraídos das plataformas CEPALStat, Global Health Observatory e MDG Indicators e de relatórios Health in the Americas disponíveis no Repositorio Institucional para Compartir Información da Organização Panamericana de Saúde. Revisão não exaustiva de literatura. As reformas foram divididas em três períodos: até 1990 predominou a lógica nacional solidária regulada; de 1990 a 2000 avançou-se para uma lógica concorrencial de mercado; de 2001 a 2015, evoluiu-se para programas de lógica pública, mantendo-se a concorrência entre prestadores de serviços. Os gastos públicos oscilaram e as metas dos ODM analisadas não foram completamente cumpridas. As mudanças dos sistemas de saúde seguiram as configurações dos Estados nacionais apregoadas pelo neoliberalismo, com lógica concorrencial de mercado, fragilizando o sistema de cuidados e o alcance dos ODS.

Safety culture in the perception of public-hospital health professionals.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating safety culture in the perception of professionals working in public hospitals of the Unified Health System (SUS) of Distrito Federal, Brazil, three years after the implementation of the National Patient Safety Program (PNSP). METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in eleven public hospitals using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) in electronic format. Stratified sampling was estimated according to the proportion of the total number of professionals in each hospital, as well as the representativeness of each professional group. The results of the total score and domains equal to or greater than 75 were considered positive. Descriptive and inferential analyses of professional groups and hospitals were carried out. RESULTS: 909 professionals participated. The total score by professional group was negative (62.5 to 69.5) and the domains differed statistically in all cases. The eleven hospitals had a negative total score (61.5 to 68.6). The domains to attain positive performance were job satisfaction, stress recognition and teamwork climate. The lowest results were in working conditions and management perception domains, for which none of the hospitals had an average above 75. Differences were also found for domain means across hospitals, except in management perception. DISCUSSION: Three years after the implementation of PNSP, the safety culture in eleven hospitals evaluated was weak, although the domains of job satisfaction, stress recognition and teamwork climate had positive results. The results can contribute to decision-making by managers, as safety culture is an essential element in the implementation of patient safety policy.

Gameplay, learning and emotions in the board game Violets: cinema & action in combating violence against women. / Jogabilidade, aprendizados e emoções no jogo Violetas: cinema & ação no enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher.

The board game Violets: cinema and action in combating violence against women was developed prioritising the liberating features of play to offer a setting for struggles to secure citizenship. The objective of the article was to examine the gameplay of Violets as regards players' understanding of the rules and engagement, and the game's mechanics and design; and to evaluate gameplay, emotions and learning comparatively as dimensions of play. This mixed method study proceeded in stages: a) perfecting gameplay: a workshop with 12 experts, usability tests with 33 participants and content analysis; and b) evaluating play: questionnaires for 78 participants and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test comparing groups of variables. Agreement among participants on aspects of gameplay was high. The group of gameplay variables returned values equal to those of the learning group; both differed significantly from the group for emotions felt while playing. In Violets, the interweave of gameplay with the formative, learning components set up a challenging, affective, symbolic field where players' imagination, interaction, tension and interest were expressed during play.

O jogo de tabuleiro Violetas: cinema & ação no enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher, forjado a partir da priorização das características libertárias do lúdico, ambienta lutas para a conquista da cidadania. O objetivo do artigo foi analisar a jogabilidade do Violetas quanto ao entendimento das regras, ao envolvimento das(os) jogadoras(es), à mecânica e ao design do jogo; e avaliar comparativamente as dimensões da jogabilidade, das emoções e da aprendizagem como expressões da ludicidade. Pesquisa de métodos mistos, em etapas: a) aperfeiçoamento da jogabilidade: oficina com 12 especialistas; testes de usabilidade (33 participantes); análise de conteúdo; b) avaliação da ludicidade: questionários a 78 participantes, teste não paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney para comparação dos grupos de variáveis. Os aspectos da jogabilidade obtiveram graus de concordância elevados entre as/os participantes. As variáveis da jogabilidade assumiram valor igual em relação ao grupo da aprendizagem, ambos significativamente diferentes de um grupo 2, das emoções sentidas na partida. No Violetas, o entrelaçamento da jogabilidade com os componentes formativos da aprendizagem viabilizam a criação de um campo simbólico, desafiador e afetivo em que a imaginação, a interação, a tensão e o interesse das(os) jogadoras(es) se manifestam durante as partidas.

Neoliberalism in Latin America: effects on health system reforms.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the recommendations of international organizations based on the Washington Consensus on health system reforms of selected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1980s and 1990s and to investigate the effects of the competitive market logic on public action in the health system. METHODS Comparative analysis of the characteristics of health system reforms conducted in the 1980s and 1990s, still seen in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Data were collected by documental analysis and literature review. The systems were described based on the characteristics of: co-payment, privatization mechanisms, decentralization, fragmentation of the system, integration of funding sources and coverage of the population (universal or segmented). RESULTS The reforms were implemented differently, worsening inequalities in health service delivery systems. Changes related to the neoliberal idea of transforming public action in the direction of private logic point to the predominance of competition rules and the reduction in economic costs in all countries analyzed, contrary to the logic of universal health systems. CONCLUSION The reduction in economic costs, the fragmentation of systems and inequalities in the provision of health services, among others, may mean other future costs resulting from low protection to the population's health. A striking and multidimensional counter-reform is essential to make health a right of all again, in a solidarity system that can lead to the reduction in inequalities and a more democratic society.

Hemovigilance and patient safety: analysis of immediate transfusion reactions in elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To identify immediate transfusion reactions in elders hospitalized in a public hospital in the Federal District. METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective, documental, and analytical research, with a quantitative analysis of 516 transfusions of packed red blood cells in elders hospitalized in the largest public hospital, who required blood components, from June to December 2017, through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The sample corresponded to 46.36% of the total number of transfusions in elders in the period. The mean age was 70 years old. There were adverse effects (reactions to the transfusion) in 12 (2.3%) transfusions. Respiratory alterations (33.3%) and fever (23.8%) were the most common events. CONCLUSION: The incidence of reactions to the transfusion is below national and international rates, indicating probable undernotification, which could be associated to a lack of knowledge regarding its clinical manifestations and the lack of systematic monitoring of the transfusion.

Interventions in overcrowding of emergency departments: an overview of systematic reviews.

OBJECTIVE To present an overview of systematic reviews on throughput interventions to solve the overcrowding of emergency departments. METHODS Electronic searches for reviews published between 2007 and 2018 were made on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Health Systems Evidence, CINAHL, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar and the CAPES periodicals portal. Data of the included studies was extracted into a pre-formatted sheet and their methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2 tool. Eventually, 15 systematic reviews were included for the narrative synthesis. RESULTS The interventions were grouped into four categories: (1) strengthening of the triage service; (2) strengthening of the ED's team; (3) creation of new care zones; (4) change in ED's work processes. All studies observed positive effect on patient's length of stay, expect for one, which had positive effect on other indicators. According to AMSTAR 2 criteria, eight revisions were considered of high or moderate methodological quality and seven, low or critically low quality. There was a clear improvement in the quality of the studies, with an improvement in focus and methodology after two decades of systematic studies on the subject. CONCLUSIONS Despite some limitations, the evidence presented on this overview can be considered the cutting edge of current scientific knowledge on the topic.

Stricto sensu postgraduate education in the Brazilian Federal District: the experience of the Higher School of Health Sciences (ESCS). / A formação na modalidade de pós-graduação stricto sensu no Distrito Federal, Brasil: a experiência da Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS).

INTRODUCTION: Stricto sensu postgraduate courses were regulated to enhance the training of university professors and researchers in order to attend the expansion of higher education and promote scientific research development. Today, Brazilian postgraduate programs transcend the academic limits, especially after the establishment of professional masters and doctorate programs. METHODS: This is a documentary study, which included ESCS management reports, as well as bibliographic and technical productions. RESULTS: The ESCS currently provides three postgraduate programs: Professional Masters in Health Sciences, Academic Masters in Health Sciences, and Professional Masters in Family Health (ProfSaúde). CONCLUSION: The ESCS experience is an effort to integrate teaching, research and health care in which we should highlight the concern with the development of the interface with public health policies. However, the institutional environment is complex because ESCS is a higher education institution linked to a State Health Secretariat, which supports the full development of the critical, creative and humanistic potential of professors and students. However, this challenges the scientific consistency and disruptive nature of their products and processes.

Os cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu foram regulamentados com o objetivo de fomentar a formação de docentes universitários e pesquisadores para atender à expansão do ensino superior e estimular o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Hoje, a pós-graduação brasileira ultrapassa os limites da academia, especialmente após a instituição dos mestrados e dos doutorados profissionais. Este é um estudo documental, que incluiu relatórios de gestão da Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), assim como produções bibliográficas e técnicas institucionais. A ESCS atualmente oferta três programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu: Mestrado Profissional em Ciências para a Saúde, Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências da Saúde e Mestrado Profissional em Saúde da Família (ProfSaúde). A experiência da ESCS representa um esforço de integração ensino, pesquisa e assistência, no qual se destaca a preocupação em desenvolver a interface com as políticas públicas de saúde. Todavia, o ambiente institucional é complexo por ser uma instituição de ensino superior vinculada a uma Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, o que favorece o desenvolvimento pleno do potencial crítico, criativo e humanístico dos docentes e discentes. Porém, por outro lado, desafia a consistência científica e a característica disruptiva de seus produtos e processos.