Evaluation of the last 2 decades in the characteristics of presentation, management and prognosis of serious spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in a third level hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the change in the characteristics of presentation, evolution and treatment in the ICU, as well as the functional evolution at 12 months of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) treated in an ICU reference center. PATIENT AND METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective study in a Neurocritical Reference Hospital. All admissions of patients with HICE during three periods are studied: 1999-2001 (I), 2015-2016 (II) and 2020-2021 (III). Evolution in the three periods of demographic variables, baseline characteristics of the patients, clinical variables and characteristics of bleeding, evolutionary data in the ICU are studied. At one year we assessed the GOS scale (Glasgow Outcome Score) according to whether they had a poor (GOS 1-3) or good (GOS 4-5) prognosis. RESULTS: 300 admitted patients, distributed in periods: I: 28.7%, II: 36.3% and III: 35%. 56.7% were males aged 66 (55.5-74) years; ICH score 2 (1-3). The ICU stay was 5 (2-14) days with a mortality of 36.8%. GOS 1-3 a year in 67.3% and GOS 4-5 in 32.7%. Comparing the three periods, we observed a higher prevalence in women, and the presence of cardiovascular factors; no changes in etiology; in relation to the location, it increases cerebellar hemorrhage and in the brainstem. Although the severity was greater, the stay in the ICU, the use of invasive mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy were lower. Open surgery has decreased its use by 50%. Mortality continues to be high, stagnating in the ICU at 35% and entails a high degree of disability one year after assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Severe ICH is a complex pathology that has changed some characteristics in the last two decades, with more severe patients, with more cardiovascular history and a greater predominance of brainstem and cerebellar hemorrhage. Despite the increase in severity, better parameters during the ICU stay, with open surgery used 50% less. Mortality remains stagnant at 35% with high disability per year.

Eventración abdominal con contenido visceral masivo / Abdominal eventration with massive visceral content

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Sobreinfección respiratoria por virus herpes simple tipo1 en pacientes con SDRA secundario a neumonía grave por COVID-19. Impacto sobre la mortalidad / Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) over-infection in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia: Impact on mortality

Objetivo: Las reactivaciones del virus herpes simple (VHS) están descritas en los pacientes en ventilación mecánica invasiva y recientemente en el síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) por COVID-19, con tasas más altas que las descritas previamente en pacientes críticos, y aunque el diagnóstico de neumonía por VHS es difícil, su presencia se asocia con aumento de la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si la identificación de VHS en el tracto respiratorio inferior en pacientes en ventilación mecánica con SDRA por COVID-19 influye sobre la evolución clínica y la mortalidad.MétodoSe revisaron 224 pacientes ingresados en el servicio de medicina intensiva del Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo con el diagnóstico de neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 y se seleccionaron los pacientes en ventilación mecánica a los que se les había realizado lavado broncoalveolar (LBA). Se registraron todos los resultados de la PCR, tanto si fue positiva como si fue negativa para VHS.ResultadosDurante el periodo de estudio (del 28 de noviembre de 2020 hasta el 13 de abril de 2021) ingresaron 224 pacientes en la UCI con el diagnóstico de neumonía por SARS-CoV-2. De ellos, en 83 se realizó lavado broncoalveolar (LBA), siendo la PCR para VHS-1 positiva en 47 y negativa en 36 (56,6%). Realizamos estudio anatomopatológico en muestras de LBA a 26 pacientes del total de la muestra. Se encontraron características citopáticas típicas de infección por herpes en 13 (50%), de los cuales 11 (84,6%) tenían PCR positiva. La mortalidad a los 30días fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de pacientes con PCR positiva (33,5% vs 57,4%, p=0,015). Esta diferencia fue aún más marcada en el grupo con hallazgos anatomopatológicos compatibles con neumonía por VHS (30,8% versus 69,2%, p=0,047). (AU)

Objective: Herpes simplex virus type1 (HSV-1) reactivation have been described in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation and recently in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 with higher rates of reactivation than were detected previously in critical care, and although the diagnosis of HSV-1 pneumonia is not easy, its presence is associate with an increase in morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to determinate if the identification of HSV-1 in lower airway of patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 have influence in clinical outcome and mortality.MethodTwo hundred twenty-four admitted patients in intensive care unit (ICU) of Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo diagnosed of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reviewed and were selected those with mechanical ventilation who had undergone (BAL). It was registered all results of HSV-1 PCR (negative and positive).ResultsDuring the study period (November 28, 2020 to April 13, 2021) was admitted 224 patients in ICU diagnosed of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Eighty-three patients of them had undergone BAL, with HSV-1 PCR positive result in 47 (56%), and negative result in 36 (43.4%). We performed pathological anatomy study in BAL samples on 26 of the total BAL realized. Typical cytopathic characteristics of HSV-1 were found in 13 samples (50%) and 11 of them (84.6%) have had HSV-1 PCR positive result. Thirty days mortality was significantly higher in the group of patients with HSV-1 PCR positive result (33.5% vs. 57.4%, P=.015). This difference was stronger in the group of patients with HSV-1 findings in the pathological anatomy study (30.8% vs. 69.2%, P=.047). (AU)