Prospective observational study of stroke in Cayenne, Tours and Besançon: The BECATOUR study.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a major public health issue. Its epidemiology is still poorly known in French Guiana. METHOD: We conducted a prospective observational study including 100 consecutive patients hospitalized for stroke in Cayenne (in French Guiana), and Tours and Besançon (in metropolitan France). We compared their age, medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, pre-admission Rankin score, Glasgow and NIHSS scores, usual treatments, acute phase management, type of stroke, duration of hospitalization, mechanism of stroke according to TOAST classification, NIHSS and Rankin scores at discharge, discharge treatments, and mode of discharge. RESULTS: In French Guiana, the average age of patients was 7years lower (62 y), patients were more frequently affected by hypertension (75%) and diabetes (31%). Lacunar strokes were overrepresented (16.1%), and infarctions of cardioembolic origin were underrepresented (12%). NIHSS entry and Glasgow scores were similar between French Guiana and mainland France. Acute management was different: thrombolysis rate (9.3%) was 3 to 4 times lower, thrombectomy was not available. Fewer patients were transferred to rehabilitation centers and more patients were transferred to home hospitalization. DISCUSSION: In Tours and Besançon, patients eligible for thrombectomy were overrepresented. This bias explains the overrepresentation of more severe infarctions and probably the overrepresentation of strokes of cardioembolic origin. Infarctions of undetermined origin were more numerous in French Guiana because patients were often discharged from hospital with an incomplete cardiological workup. CONCLUSION: Despite some caveats, the profile of patients admitted for stroke in French Guiana is different from mainland France. The establishment of a stroke unit and an information campaign on the symptoms of stroke would allow better management.

Angioedema associated with thrombolysis for ischemic stroke: analysis of a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Bradykinin-mediated angioedema (AE) is a complication associated with thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Risk factors are unknown and management is discussed. OBJECTIVES: To clarify risk factors associated with bradykinin-mediated AE after thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: In a case-control study conducted at a French reference centre for bradykinin angiœdema, patients with thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke and a diagnosis of bradykinin-mediated angiœdema, were compared to controls treated with thrombolysis treatment without angiœdema. RESULTS: Fifty-three thrombolysis-related AE were matched to 106 control subjects. The sites of attacks following thrombolysis for ischemic stroke mainly included tongue (34/53, 64%) and lips (26/53, 49%). The upper airways were involved in 37 (70%) cases. Three patients required mechanical ventilation. Patients with bradykinin-mediated angiœdema were more frequently women [33 (62%) vs. 44 (42%); P = 0.01], had higher frequency of prior ischemic stroke [12 (23%) vs. 9 (8%); P = 0.01], hypertension [46 (87%) vs. 70 (66%); P = 0.005], were more frequently treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor [37 (70%) vs. 28 (26%); P < 0.001] and were more frequently hospitalized in intensive care medicine [ICU; 11 (21%) vs. 5 (5%); P = 0.004]. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with thrombolysis-related AE were female sex [odds ratio (OR), 3.04; 95% confident interval (CI), 1.32-7.01; P = 0.009] and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [(OR), 6.08; 95% (CI), 2.17-17.07; P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: This case-control study points out angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and female sex as risk factors of bradykinin AE associated with thrombolysis for ischemic stroke.

Impact of a direct-admission stroke pathway on delays of admission, care, and rates of intravenous thrombolysis.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the impact of a "direct potential thrombolysis" pathway with direct admission to a neurological stroke unit (SU) on delays of admission, stroke care and proportion of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) treated with intravenous (IV) rtPA. METHODS: This prospective study included all patients admitted in the intensive SU for potential thrombolysis over a 2-month period. Data collected included the time of symptom onset, mode of transport, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on arrival, delays of care, delays of imaging and modalities, diagnosis and therapeutic data. RESULTS: During the 2-month study period, 81 patients (mean age of 65 years) were included in the study. The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) were involved in 86% of admissions, with a median delay of admission of 1h48 and access within 4.5h in 84% of cases. Every patient underwent immediate neurovascular assessment and imaging examination, which was a MRI in 80% of cases. Only 70% of patients had a final diagnosis of stroke. Intravenous rtPA therapy was administered to 26 patients (32%), and 58% of patients with IS. The median door-to-needle time delay was 63min. CONCLUSION: A direct 'potential thrombolysis' pathway, based on EMS and located in the SU, can result in earlier admission, reaching the recommended care delay, and a large proportion (58%) of IS patients receiving rtPA therapy. On the other hand, the proportion of patients with stroke mimics is high, thereby increasing the chances of intermittent periods of saturation of this specific pathway.