RESUMEN
Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to biodiversity loss1. Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment and hydromorphological restoration, have aimed to improve environmental quality and foster the recovery of freshwater biodiversity2. Here, using 1,816 time series of freshwater invertebrate communities collected across 22 European countries between 1968 and 2020, we quantified temporal trends in taxonomic and functional diversity and their responses to environmental pressures and gradients. We observed overall increases in taxon richness (0.73% per year), functional richness (2.4% per year) and abundance (1.17% per year). However, these increases primarily occurred before the 2010s, and have since plateaued. Freshwater communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery. Communities at sites with faster rates of warming had fewer gains in taxon richness, functional richness and abundance. Although biodiversity gains in the 1990s and 2000s probably reflect the effectiveness of water-quality improvements and restoration projects, the decelerating trajectory in the 2010s suggests that the current measures offer diminishing returns. Given new and persistent pressures on freshwater ecosystems, including emerging pollutants, climate change and the spread of invasive species, we call for additional mitigation to revive the recovery of freshwater biodiversity.
Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Conservación de los Recursos Hídricos , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Agua Dulce , Invertebrados , Animales , Especies Introducidas/tendencias , Invertebrados/clasificación , Invertebrados/fisiología , Europa (Continente) , Actividades Humanas , Conservación de los Recursos Hídricos/estadística & datos numéricos , Conservación de los Recursos Hídricos/tendencias , Hidrobiología , Factores de Tiempo , Producción de Cultivos , Urbanización , Calentamiento Global , Contaminantes del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
Freshwater macroinvertebrates are a diverse group and play key ecological roles, including accelerating nutrient cycling, filtering water, controlling primary producers, and providing food for predators. Their differences in tolerances and short generation times manifest in rapid community responses to change. Macroinvertebrate community composition is an indicator of water quality. In Europe, efforts to improve water quality following environmental legislation, primarily starting in the 1980s, may have driven a recovery of macroinvertebrate communities. Towards understanding temporal and spatial variation of these organisms, we compiled the TREAM dataset (Time seRies of European freshwAter Macroinvertebrates), consisting of macroinvertebrate community time series from 1,816 river and stream sites (mean length of 19.2 years and 14.9 sampling years) of 22 European countries sampled between 1968 and 2020. In total, the data include >93 million sampled individuals of 2,648 taxa from 959 genera and 212 families. These data can be used to test questions ranging from identifying drivers of the population dynamics of specific taxa to assessing the success of legislative and management restoration efforts.
Asunto(s)
Invertebrados , Ríos , Animales , Europa (Continente) , Agua Dulce , Dinámica Poblacional , Calidad del Agua , Biodiversidad , EcosistemaRESUMEN
Iatrogenic aortocaval fistula is an extremely rare pathologic condition that often results in clinically significant left-to-right extracardiac shunt. In slow-progressing cases, chronic right-sided heart failure can occur and, in some patients, may persist for years. We present a patient with a long-standing aortocaval fistula that was causing high-flow left-to-right shunting, tricuspid regurgitation, severe pulmonary hypertension, and right-side heart failure. After undergoing complete endoscopic isolation of the aortocaval fistula, the patient experienced dramatic clinical improvement and continued to have excellent imaging and clinical resolution after 2 years of follow-up.
Asunto(s)
Aorta/fisiopatología , Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Embolización Terapéutica , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Enfermedad Iatrogénica , Vena Cava Inferior/fisiopatología , Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Aortografía/métodos , Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Fístula Arteriovenosa/etiología , Fístula Arteriovenosa/fisiopatología , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Ecocardiografía Doppler en Color , Embolización Terapéutica/instrumentación , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Flebografía/métodos , Diseño de Prótesis , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vena Cava Inferior/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) is the most abundant platelet surface receptor for fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. Polymorphism PlA1/A2 in the gene of GPIIb/IIIa is among the risk factors for the development of arterial and venous thrombosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the carriage of PlA1/A2 on the size, topographic features, and membrane stiffness of platelets from healthy controls and patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and nanoindentation (force-distance curves) were applied to investigate the morphological and nanomechanical properties (Young's modulus) of platelets immobilized on glass surface. The surface roughness ( Ra) and height ( h) of platelets from patients with DVT, carriers of mutant allele PlA2 ( Ra = 30.2 ± 6 nm; h = 766 ± 182 nm) and noncarriers ( Ra = 28.6 ± 6 nm; h = 865 ± 290 nm), were lower than those of healthy carriers of allele PlA2 ( Ra = 48.1 ± 12 nm; h = 1072 ± 338 nm) and healthy noncarriers ( Ra = 49.7 ± 14 nm; h = 1021 ± 433 nm), respectively. Platelets isolated from patients with DVT, both carriers and noncarriers, exhibit much higher degree of stiffness at the stage of spreading ( E = 327 ± 85 kPa and 341 ± 102 kPa, respectively) compared to healthy noncarriers ( E = 198 ± 50 kPa). In addition, more pronounced level of platelet activation was found in polymorphism carriers. In conclusion, the carriage of PlA2 allele modulates the activation state, morphology, and membrane elasticity of platelets.