RESUMEN
This study aimed to determine the temperature increase on the root surface during warm vertical compaction using three different obturation systems. Forty-five human single-rooted premolars were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups of 15 teeth each for obturation with a System B unit, an Elements Obturation Unit, or a B&L SuperEndo Alpha II unit. All teeth were filled using the continuous wave of condensation technique with a set temperature of 200 °C. The temperature measurements were made with an infrared camera at 3 s (T0) and 1 min (T1) following activation of the heat plugger. T0 ranged between 48.1 and 84 °C depending on the obturation system. The mean value for T0 showed significant differences between various obturation systems (p = 0.001). The temperature increase on the root surface during the application of vertical compaction shows considerable variability depending on the obturation system.