RESUMEN
In August 2002, two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) were confirmed in Mineros and Concepcion, within the Santa Cruz Department of Bolivia. Extensive alteration of the native ecosystem, from dense forest to pasture or sugarcane, had occurred in both regions. An ecologic assessment of reservoir species associated with the human disease identified a single hantavirus antibody-positive Oligoryzomys microtis from Mineros and three hantavirus antibody-positive Calomys callosus from Concepcion. In Mineros, the virus from the O. microtis was 90% similar to sequences published for Rio Mamore virus. Viral nucleotide sequences from two C. callosus were 87-88% similar to the sequence of Laguna Negra virus. The viral sequence from the C. callosus was 99% identical to viral sequences obtained from the HPS patient in this area, implicating C. callosus as the host and Laguna Negra virus as the agent responsible for the HPS case near Concepcion.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/transmisión , Orthohantavirus/genética , Roedores/virología , Animales , Bolivia/epidemiología , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Genotipo , Orthohantavirus/clasificación , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/sangre , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Viral/análisis , Ratas , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
Surveillance for HIV infection among people at increased risk was conducted in five countries in South America. Seroprevalence studies were conducted in more than 36,000 people in Ecuador, Peru, Boliva, Uruguay, and Argentina, along with genetic analysis of the HIV-1 strains. In all countries, the prevalence of HIV-1 among men who have sex with men (MSM) was high (3-30%), whereas the prevalence among female commercial sex workers (FCSMs) was low (0.3-6%). By envelope heteroduplex mobility assay, subtype B predominated in MSM communities and in FCSWs in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. A new genetic screening assay, the multiregion hybridization assay for subtypes B and F (MHA-bf), was developed to improve large-scale genetic screening in South America. MHA-bf can screen four regions of the genome for subtype B or subtype F, and thus can detect most recombinants. The sensitivity of MHA-bf when applied to a panel of pure subtypes and CRF12_BF was 100%, and 88% of unique recombinants were also detected as recombinant. Using MHA-bf, more than 80% of samples from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia were classified as pure subtype B, whereas in Uruguay and Argentina this proportion was only 30 to 40%. BF recombinants were the most prevalent form of HIV-1 in Uruguay and Argentina. Subtype B is the most common subtype in countries lacking injecting drug use (IDU) epidemics, whereas BF recombinants are more common in countries where extensive IDU epidemics have been documented, suggesting the ontogeny of recombinant strains in particular risk groups in South America.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH-1/genética , Epidemiología Molecular , ADN Viral/análisis , Femenino , Genes env , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/clasificación , Homosexualidad Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Prevalencia , Trabajo Sexual , América del Sur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the frequency of and risk factors for surgical-site infections (SSIs) in Bolivia, and to study the performance of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System risk index in a developing country. DESIGN: A prospective study with patient follow-up until the 30th postoperative day. SETTING: A general surgical ward of a public hospital in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. PATIENTS: Patients admitted to the ward between July 1998 and June 1999 on whom surgical procedures were performed. RESULTS: Follow-up was complete for 91.5% of 376 surgical procedures. The overall SSI rate was 12%. Thirty-four (75.6%) of the 45 SSIs were culture positive. A logistic regression model retained an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of more than 1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.87), a not-clean wound class (OR, 2.28), a procedure duration of more than 1 hour (OR, 1.81), and drain (OR, 1.98) as independent risk factors for SSI. There was no significant association between the NNIS System risk index and SSI rates. However, a "local" risk index constructed with the above cutoff points showed a linear trend with SSI (P < .001) and a relative risk of 3.18 for risk class 3 versus a class of less than 3. CONCLUSIONS: SSIs cause considerable morbidity in Santa Cruz. Appropriate nosocomial infection surveillance and control should be introduced. The NNIS System risk index did not discriminate between patients at low and high risk for SSI in this hospital setting, but a risk score based on local cutoff points performed substantially better.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Países en Desarrollo , Vigilancia de la Población , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/efectos adversos , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Bolivia/epidemiología , Femenino , Hospitales Públicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
We previously reported protective haplotype HLA-B*14:02-DRB1*01:02 against chronic Chagas disease in Bolivia. The V281L mutant allele of the 21-Hydroxylase gene, CYP21A2*15, is reported to be located in the Class III region of the Human leukocyte antigen region and linked to the haplotype HLA-B*14:02-DRB1*01:02. The mutant allele might play a primary role in the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas disease in the associated HLA region. We analyzed the frequency of this allele in the same subjects for the previous one. The statistical analysis showed a significant association of the CYP21A2*15 with resistance to severe chronic Chagas disease (OR=0.207273; Pv=0.0041). However, there is no significant tendency of the mutant gene contribution to the resistance after the elimination of the HLA-B*14:02-DRB1*01:02 linked mutants (OR=0.38; Pv=0.1533). Although the frequency of the CYP21A2*15 was small, we found no primary contribution of this mutation to the protection against chronic Chagas disease.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Enfermedad de Chagas/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Mutación , Esteroide 21-Hidroxilasa/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad de Chagas/inmunología , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Ligamiento Genético , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chagas disease, caused by the flagellate parasite Trypanosoma cruzi affects 8-10 million people in Latin America. The mechanisms that underlie the development of complications of chronic Chagas disease, characterized primarily by pathology of the heart and digestive system, are not currently understood. To identify possible host genetic factors that may influence the clinical course of Chagas disease, Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) regional gene polymorphism was analyzed in patients presenting with differing clinical symptoms. METHODOLOGY: Two hundred and twenty nine chronic Chagas disease patients in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, were examined by serological tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), and Barium enema colon X-ray. 31.4% of the examinees showed ECG alterations, 15.7% megacolon and 58.1% showed neither of them. A further 62 seropositive megacolon patients who had undergone colonectomy due to acute abdomen were recruited. We analyzed their HLA genetic polymorphisms (HLA-A, HLA-B, MICA, MICB, DRB1 and TNF-alpha promoter region) mainly through Sequence based and LABType SSO typing test using LUMINEX Technology. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The frequencies of HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-B*14:02 were significantly lower in patients suffering from megacolon as well as in those with ECG alteration and/or megacolon compared with a group of patients with indeterminate symptoms. The DRB1*0102, B*1402 and MICA*011 alleles were in strong Linkage Disequilibrium (LD), and the HLA-DRB1*01-B*14-MICA*011 haplotype was associated with resistance against chronic Chagas disease. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of HLA haplotype association with resistance to chronic Chagas disease.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Chagas/genética , Enfermedad de Chagas/inmunología , Resistencia a la Enfermedad , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/inmunología , Polimorfismo Genético , Trypanosoma cruzi/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Bolivia , Enfermedad de Chagas/patología , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidadRESUMEN
We report the results of an investigation of a small outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in 2002 in the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, where the disease had not previously been reported. Two cases were initially reported. The first case was a physician infected with Laguna Negra virus during a weekend visit to his ranch. Four other persons living on the ranch were IgM antibody-positive, two of whom were symptomatic for mild hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. The second case was a migrant sugarcane worker. Although no sample remained to determine the specific infecting hantavirus, a virus 90% homologous with Río Mamoré virus was previously found in small-eared pygmy rice rats (Oligoryzomys microtis) trapped in the area. An antibody prevalence study conducted in the region as part of the outbreak investigation showed 45 (9.1%) of 494 persons to be IgG positive, illustrating that hantavirus infection is common in Santa Cruz Department. Precipitation in the months preceding the outbreak was particularly heavy in comparison to other years, suggesting a possible climatic or ecological influence on rodent populations and risk of hantavirus transmission to humans. Hantavirus infection appears to be common in the Santa Cruz Department, but more comprehensive surveillance and field studies are needed to fully understand the epidemiology and risk to humans.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Brotes de Enfermedades , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bolivia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Tiempo (Meteorología) , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The causative agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is divided into 6 Discrete Typing Units (DTU): Tc I, IIa, IIb, IIc, IId and IIe. In order to assess the relative pathogenicities of different DTUs, blood samples from three different clinical groups of chronic Chagas disease patients (indeterminate, cardiac, megacolon) from Bolivia were analyzed for their circulating parasites lineages using minicircle kinetoplast DNA polymorphism. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Between 2000 and 2007, patients sent to the Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales for diagnosis of Chagas from clinics and hospitals in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, were assessed by serology, cardiology and gastro-intestinal examinations. Additionally, patients who underwent colonectomies due to Chagasic magacolon at the Hospital Universitario Japonés were also included. A total of 306 chronic Chagas patients were defined by their clinical types (81 with cardiopathy, 150 without cardiopathy, 100 with megacolon, 144 without megacolon, 164 with cardiopathy or megacolon, 73 indeterminate and 17 cases with both cardiopathy and megacolon). DNA was extracted from 10 ml of peripheral venous blood for PCR analysis. The kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA) was amplified from 196 out of 306 samples (64.1%), of which 104 (53.3%) were Tc IId, 4 (2.0%) Tc I, 7 (3.6%) Tc IIb, 1 (0.5%) Tc IIe, 26 (13.3%) Tc I/IId, 1 (0.5%) Tc I/IIb/IId, 2 (1.0%) Tc IIb/d and 51 (25.9%) were unidentified. Of the 133 Tc IId samples, three different kDNA hypervariable region patterns were detected; Mn (49.6%), TPK like (48.9%) and Bug-like (1.5%). There was no significant association between Tc types and clinical manifestations of disease. CONCLUSIONS: None of the identified lineages or sublineages was significantly associated with any particular clinical manifestations in the chronic Chagas patients in Bolivia.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Chagas/patología , Enfermedad de Chagas/parasitología , ADN de Cinetoplasto/genética , ADN Protozoario/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Trypanosoma cruzi/clasificación , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bolivia , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Trypanosoma cruzi/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are among the most common agents of human febrile illness worldwide and the most important emerging pathogens, causing multiple notable epidemics of human disease over recent decades. Despite the public health relevance, little is know about the geographic distribution, relative impact, and risk factors for arbovirus infection in many regions of the world. Our objectives were to describe the arboviruses associated with acute undifferentiated febrile illness in participating clinics in four countries in South America and to provide detailed epidemiological analysis of arbovirus infection in Iquitos, Peru, where more extensive monitoring was conducted. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: A clinic-based syndromic surveillance system was implemented in 13 locations in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Serum samples and demographic information were collected from febrile participants reporting to local health clinics or hospitals. Acute-phase sera were tested for viral infection by immunofluorescence assay or RT-PCR, while acute- and convalescent-phase sera were tested for pathogen-specific IgM by ELISA. Between May 2000 and December 2007, 20,880 participants were included in the study, with evidence for recent arbovirus infection detected for 6,793 (32.5%). Dengue viruses (Flavivirus) were the most common arbovirus infections, totaling 26.0% of febrile episodes, with DENV-3 as the most common serotype. Alphavirus (Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus [VEEV] and Mayaro virus [MAYV]) and Orthobunyavirus (Oropouche virus [OROV], Group C viruses, and Guaroa virus) infections were both observed in approximately 3% of febrile episodes. In Iquitos, risk factors for VEEV and MAYV infection included being male and reporting to a rural (vs urban) clinic. In contrast, OROV infection was similar between sexes and type of clinic. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data provide a better understanding of the geographic range of arboviruses in South America and highlight the diversity of pathogens in circulation. These arboviruses are currently significant causes of human illness in endemic regions but also have potential for further expansion. Our data provide a basis for analyzing changes in their ecology and epidemiology.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Arbovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Arbovirus/virología , Arbovirus/clasificación , Fiebre de Origen Desconocido/epidemiología , Fiebre de Origen Desconocido/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Arbovirus/patología , Arbovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Preescolar , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Directa , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , América del Sur/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This report shows the outcome of a coordinated effort by locals, foreign institutions, and an international agency, from 1996-2002, aimed at preventing transmission of blood-borne diseases in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. From 2001-2002, testing the donor pool for HIV prevented transfusion of 32 infected units and 29 infections. With 100% screening coverage, 196 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected units were discarded, and 177 infections of HBV were prevented between 1999 and 2002. Incomplete screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) may have tainted nine units of blood and generated eight HCV infections in 1999. On the other hand, 600 units infected with HCV were discarded, and 540 HCV infections were prevented between 1999 and 2002. Screening for Chagas disease prevented transfusion of 10,661 tainted units and 2,133 infections from 1999 to 2002. From 1996-2002, the investment was US$1,108,000.
Asunto(s)
Patógenos Transmitidos por la Sangre , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Bancos de Sangre/economía , Bancos de Sangre/organización & administración , Bolivia , Humanos , Reacción a la TransfusiónRESUMEN
This study compares immigrant (i.e., foreigner) with non-immigrant (i.e., local/native) HIV-related risk behaviors among female sex workers (FSW) in South America. A total of 1,845 FSW were enrolled in Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Uruguay. According to their nationality, 10.1% of participants were immigrant FSW. Immigrant FSW were more likely to be younger in Argentina; to work in a disco/bar in Bolivia; to be single and use illegal drugs in Ecuador; and to work in a brothel, consume alcohol, and have sex with foreign clients in Uruguay. HIV-related sexual and drug use behaviors were more common among immigrant FSW in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Uruguay. Country-specific HIV/STI prevention and control programs should be developed for immigrant FSW populations in South America.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Seroprevalencia de VIH , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Trabajo Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Emigración e Inmigración/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , VIH-1 , Humanos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , América del Sur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
HIV cross-sectional studies were conducted among high-risk populations in 9 countries of South America. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening and Western blot confirmatory testing were performed, and env heteroduplex mobility assay genotyping and DNA sequencing were performed on a subset of HIV-positive subjects. HIV prevalences were highest among men who have sex with men (MSM; 2.0%-27.8%) and were found to be associated with multiple partners, noninjection drug use (non-IDU), and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). By comparison, much lower prevalences were noted among female commercial sex workers (FCSWs; 0%-6.3%) and were associated mainly with a prior IDU and STI history. Env subtype B predominated among MSM throughout the region (more than 90% of strains), whereas env subtype F predominated among FCSWs in Argentina and male commercial sex workers in Uruguay (more than 50% of strains). A renewed effort in controlling STIs, especially among MSM groups, could significantly lessen the impact of the HIV epidemic in South America.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , VIH/genética , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Femenino , Productos del Gen env/genética , Análisis Heterodúplex , Homosexualidad Masculina , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Epidemiología Molecular , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Trabajo Sexual , Conducta Sexual , América del Sur/epidemiología , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía IntravenosaRESUMEN
The absence of urban yellow fever virus (YFV) in Bolivian cities has been attributed to the lack of competent urban mosquito vectors. Experiments with Aedes aegypti from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, demonstrated infection (100%), dissemination (20%), and transmission of a Bolivian YFV strain (CENETROP-322).
Asunto(s)
Aedes/virología , Virulencia , Virus de la Fiebre Amarilla/fisiología , Animales , Bolivia , Cricetinae , Insectos Vectores , Ratones , Fiebre Amarilla/transmisiónRESUMEN
Two suspected hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases from Bolivia occurred in May and July 2000 and were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-ANDES using N-Andes recombinant antigen serology. Clot RNAs from the two patients were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. We describe two characterized cases of HPS. One was caused by infection with Bermejo virus and the other with Andes Nort viral lineage, both previously obtained from Oligoryzomys species. This is the first report of molecular identification of a human hantavirus associated with Bermejo virus.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/virología , Orthohantavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Bolivia , Resultado Fatal , Orthohantavirus/genética , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Se estudiaron 503 pacientes del consultorio externo del CENETROP con diagnostico de infeccion chagasica. La edad promedio del grupo fue de 38.34 anos. 216 eran del sexo masculino con una edad promedio de 38.0+- 13.7 y 287 del sexo femenino con edad promedio de 38.5+- 13.6. La prevalencia de miocardiopatia chagasica fue del 37.7 por ciento. La edad promedio de los pacientes con miocardiopatia fue de 44.5 anos y la de los pacientes con ECG normal fue de 34.6 anos(p=0.0001). Del total de anormalidades electrocardiograficas el 55.2 por ciento eran debidas a trastornos de de la conduccion intraventricular, con un 39.9 por ciento de afeccion de la rama derecha del haz de his ya sea solo (7.4 por ciento), o asociado al hemibloqueo anterior izquierdo (14.7 por ciento). El bloque completo de la rama izquierda se obserbo solo en el 1.6 por ciento de los casos
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/enfermería , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/parasitología , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/prevención & control , Enfermedad de Chagas/sangre , Enfermedad de Chagas/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Chagas/enfermería , Enfermedad de Chagas/prevención & control , Cardiopatías/diagnóstico , Cardiopatías/enfermería , Cardiopatías/parasitología , Cardiopatías/prevención & control , Electrocardiografía/clasificación , Electrocardiografía/efectos adversos , Electrocardiografía/tendenciasRESUMEN
Se realizo un estudio retrospectivo del ano 1993, de los registros del banco de sangre del hospital San Juan de Dios (HSJDD) para conocer la prevalencia de infeccion por Tripanosoma cruzi entre los donantes de sangre y sus relacion con el lugar de nacimiento. Se contabilizo el volumen total de tranfusiones en los bancos de sangre de cinco centros asistenciales. El total de transfusiones realizadas durante el ano 1993 en los centros estudiados fue de 7199. Se que en Santa Cruz se realizan por lo menos 10000 transfusiones por ano. La prevalencia de infeccion por el T.cruci entre los donantes del bancos sangre
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Bancos de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , Donantes de Sangre/provisión & distribución , Trypanosoma cruzi/fisiología , Trypanosoma/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Se realizo una encuesta entre candidatos a donantes de sangre en tres centros hospitalarios de la ciudad para conocer la prevalencia actual de infeccion por T.cruci en donantes de sangre y la influencia que tiene la migracion rural-urbana en esta importante patologia. Se analizaron ademas los test serologico que usan los bancos de sangre para descartar a los seropositivos y el nivel de corte utilizado. Se comparo el resultado del test serologico de cada centro con el resultado obtenido en CENETROP (HAI titulo 1/8). Se observo una prevalencia de infeccion chagasica del 39.6 por ciento y no se encontro diferencia significativa entre los migrantes y los oriundos de la ciudad de Santa Cruz. Los Test serologico realizados en los bancos de sangre y el realizados en CENETROP (kappa=0.08, p=0.20). Se observo tambien un uso excesivo de la transfusion sanguinea por cirugias, anemia y solo u 6.3 por ciento por hemorragia agudas
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Donantes de Sangre/provisión & distribución , Enfermedad de Chagas/enfermería , Bancos de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , Donantes de Sangre/provisión & distribuciónRESUMEN
De una poblacion de 4.600 nuevos studiantes de la universidad Estatal de la ciudad de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, se tomo una muestra aleatoria de 372 estudiantes a los que se realizo un test de hemoglutinacion indirecta (HAI) para enfermedad de chagas y un electrocardiograma (ECG) convencional. El 17.2 por ciento (64/373) tenian el test HAI positivo y de esto el 16.5 por ciento (10/64) tenian algun trasntorno electrocardiografica. En el grupo con HAI negativa el 10 por ciento (31/308) presento alguna anormalidad electrocardiografica. No se observo asociacion entre serologia positiva para la enfermedad de Chagas y alteracion del ECG en general (x2=1,67 p=0.2). Se observo una asociacion positiva entre serologia para Chagas y trastornos de conduccion intraventricular (TCIV) y esta parece intensificarse entre los menores de 19 anos con un Odds Ratio de 10.4(p<0.05)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Enfermedad de Chagas/clasificación , Enfermedad de Chagas/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Chagas/enfermería , Tripanosomiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tripanosomiasis/enfermería , Estadística/clasificación , Estadística/historia , SerologíaRESUMEN
Con la finalidad de conocer la prevalencia de infeccion para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1) entre universitarios, se realizo una prueba de ensayo inmunoenzimatico (ELISA) para VIH-1 a una muestra aleatoria 329 jovenes que ingresaron a la Universidad Gabriel Rene Moreno durante el ano 1993. los 329 sujetos estudiados tuvieron resultado negativos para el VIH-1. Este resultado permite afirmar con una confianza del 95 por ciento
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , VIH/inmunología , VIH/fisiología , Infecciones/diagnóstico , Infecciones/enfermeríaRESUMEN
En el contexto de un sistema de vigilancia de fiebre amarilla,el laboratorio puede ser de gran ayuda para la confirmación rápida de los casos con sospecha clínica.Desde el punto de vista de la Salud Pública,la rapidez con que un laboratorio puede confirmar casos con sospecha clínica de la enfermedad,tiene gran importancia ya que de ello dependerán las medidas de control de brote.(au)