Prevalence and factors associated with diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis in the south of Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by peripheral and symmetrical polyarthritis. It can be divided into Very Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (VERA) diagnosed up to 3 months of symptoms and late onset (Late Early Rheumatoid Arthritis - LERA), diagnosed between 3 and 12 months. Currently, it is recommended to evaluate the patient with joint symptoms as early as possible, and the first 12 weeks of manifestations represent the ideal phase for the diagnosis, favoring a better evolution of the treatment. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, mean time of diagnosis and to determine possible associated factors in the municipality of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using the 1987 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria to select patients attended at primary or secondary health care units in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, in 2014. Diagnostic time was verified by self-report of the time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis made by a rheumatologist. To test the associations, the chi-square test, the Wald linear trend test and the Poisson regression analysis were used. RESULTS: The mean time of diagnosis was 28 months. The prevalence of diagnosis up to 3 and 12 months was 27.7% and 64.8%, respectively. Obesity was associated with time diagnosis in both periods. The 0-4 years category of the variable education was associated only with the period up to 12 months. CONCLUSION: The mean time of diagnosis was similar to the national context. Among socioeconomic factors, lower education was associated with the diagnosis of late onset RA. The anthropometric variable presented a progressive increase in the prevalence due to the longer time to diagnosis.

Staying in the labor force among patients with rheumatoid arthritis and associated factors in Southern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the working-age population and may cause key functional and work limitations. As the disease progresses, individuals become increasingly unable to conduct daily activities, which has a substantial personal and socioeconomic impact. Fairly recent prior studies showed that patients with RA stop working 20 years earlier than age-matched controls. Factors related to sociodemographic, clinical, care and disease profiles might affect the loss of work capacity. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with the prevalence of working patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the municipality of Blumenau. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted between July 2014 and January 2015, with 296 individuals aged 20 years or older, male and female, living in Blumenau, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, and diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria. The prevalence of working patients with RA was assessed by employment status self-reporting during the interview. The chi-squared test, Wald test and Poisson regression analysis were used to test the possible associations between the independent variables and outcome. RESULTS: The prevalence of working patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 44.3%. Patients aged 20 to 59 years had a 90% higher prevalence of outcome than subjects aged 60 years or older. The prevalence of working patients was 132% and 73% higher among individuals with low income and high functional disability, measured using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of working RA patients was highest among adult patients with low income and high functional disability. The first variable is directly related to the individual characteristic, the second reflects the socioeconomic context of the patient, and the third reflects the degree of disability caused by the disease, which may be modifiable by health professionals.

Impact of rheumatoid arthritis in the public health system in Santa Catarina, Brazil: a descriptive and temporal trend analysis from 1996 to 2009.

INTRODUCTION: There are few studies that carried out a descriptive and trend analysis based on available data from the Unified Health System (SUS) between pre- and post-free dispensing of pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the perspective of the public health system, in terms of the direct cost of the disease among adults and elderly residents of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. This study aims to characterize the direct cost of medical and surgical procedures before and after the dispensing of drugs in this state. METHODS: This is a time series-type study with a cross-sectional survey of data from the Hospital (SIH) and Outpatient (SIA) Information System of SUS during the period from 1996 to 2009. RESULTS: Between 1996 and 2009, the total expenditure for hospital- and outpatient pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was R$ 26,659,127.20. After the dispensing of drug treatment by SUS a decrease of 36% in the number of hospital admissions was observed; however, an increase of 19% in clinical procedures was noted. CONCLUSION: During the observed period, a reduction in the number of hospital admissions for both clinical and orthopedic surgical procedures related to this disease was observed. Nevertheless, there was an increase in the cost of medical admissions.

Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria in order to select patients seen at primary or secondary health care units in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2014. The presence of ischemic heart disease was defined as an acute myocardial infarction with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery that has occurred after diagnosis. Fischer's exact test, Wald's linear trend test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test the associations. RESULTS: Among 296 patients (83.1% female) with a mean age of 56.6 years and a mean rheumatoid arthritis duration of 11.3 years, 13 reported having acute myocardial infarction requiring a percutaneous or surgical reperfusion procedure, a prevalence of 4.4% (95% CI 2.0-6.7). Diabetes Mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 4.9 [95% CI 1.6-13.8]) and disease duration >10 years (OR 8.2 [95% CI 1.8-39.7]) were the only factors associated with an ischemic disease that remained in the final model, after the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of acute myocardial infarction was similar to that observed in other studies. Among the traditional risk factors, Diabetes Mellitus, and among the factors related to rheumatoid arthritis, disease duration, were the variables associated with comorbidity.

Impact of rheumatoid arthritis in the public health system in Santa Catarina, Brazil: a descriptive and temporal trend analysis from 1996 to 2009 / Impacto da artrite reumatoide no sistema público de saúde em Santa Catarina, Brasil: análise descritiva e de tendência temporal de 1996 a 2009

ABSTRACT Introduction: There are few studies that carried out a descriptive and trend analysis based on available data from the Unified Health System (SUS) between pre- and post-free dispensing of pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the perspective of the public health system, in terms of the direct cost of the disease among adults and elderly residents of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. This study aims to characterize the direct cost of medical and surgical procedures before and after the dispensing of drugs in this state. Methods: This is a time series-type study with a cross-sectional survey of data from the Hospital (SIH) and Outpatient (SIA) Information System of SUS during the period from 1996 to 2009. Results: Between 1996 and 2009, the total expenditure for hospital- and outpatient pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was R$ 26,659,127.20. After the dispensing of drug treatment by SUS a decrease of 36% in the number of hospital admissions was observed; however, an increase of 19% in clinical procedures was noted. Conclusion: During the observed period, a reduction in the number of hospital admissions for both clinical and orthopedic surgical procedures related to this disease was observed. Nevertheless, there was an increase in the cost of medical admissions.

RESUMO Introdução: Poucos estudos fizeram uma análise descritiva e de tendência dos dados disponíveis do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) entre os períodos pré e pós-dispensação gratuita do tratamento medicamentoso da artrite reumatoide (AR) sob a perspectiva do sistema público de saúde em termos de custo direto da doença entre adultos e idosos moradores do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar o custo direto de procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos antes e após o fornecimento de medicamentos no estado. Métodos: Estudo do tipo série temporal com levantamentos transversais entre 1996 e 2009 dos dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH) e Ambulatorial (SIA) do SUS. Resultados: Entre 1996 a 2009, o gasto total para o tratamento hospitalar e medicamentoso ambulatorial da artrite reumatoide foi de R$ 26.659.127,20. Após a dispensação do tratamento medicamentoso pelo SUS observou-se queda de 36% do número de internações hospitalares. Entretanto notou-se um aumento de 19% nos procedimentos clínicos. Conclusão: No período observado notou-se uma redução do número de internações hospitalares tanto para procedimentos clínicos quanto cirúrgicos ortopédicos relacionadas a essa doença. Apesar disso, ocorreu um aumento do custo das internações clínicas.

Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Southern Brazil / Prevalência de doença isquêmica cardíaca e fatores associados em pacientes com artrite reumatoide no Sul do Brasil

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A cross-sectional study using the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria in order to select patients seen at primary or secondary health care units in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2014. The presence of ischemic heart disease was defined as an acute myocardial infarction with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery that has occurred after diagnosis. Fischer's exact test, Wald's linear trend test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test the associations. Results: Among 296 patients (83.1% female) with a mean age of 56.6 years and a mean rheumatoid arthritis duration of 11.3 years, 13 reported having acute myocardial infarction requiring a percutaneous or surgical reperfusion procedure, a prevalence of 4.4% (95% CI 2.0-6.7). Diabetes Mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 4.9 [95% CI 1.6-13.8]) and disease duration >10 years (OR 8.2 [95% CI 1.8-39.7]) were the only factors associated with an ischemic disease that remained in the final model, after the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of acute myocardial infarction was similar to that observed in other studies. Among the traditional risk factors, Diabetes Mellitus, and among the factors related to rheumatoid arthritis, disease duration, were the variables associated with comorbidity.

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da doença isquêmica cardíaca e os fatores associados em pacientes com artrite reumatoide. Métodos: Estudo transversal que usou o critério diagnóstico do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia para selecionar pacientes atendidos nas unidades de saúde da atenção primária ou secundária em Blumenau, Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil, em 2014. A presença de doença cardíaca isquêmica foi definida com infarto agudo do miocárdio com intervenção coronariana percutânea ou cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio que tenha ocorrido depois do diagnóstico. Para testar as associações usou-se o teste exato de Fischer, o teste de tendência linear de Wald e a análise de regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: Entre 296 pacientes, 83,1% de mulheres, com média de 56,6 anos, tempo médio de artrite reumatoide de 11,3 anos, 13 relatam ter tido infarto agudo do miocárdio que necessitou de procedimento de reperfusão percutânea ou cirúrgica, prevalência de 4,4% (IC 95% 2,0-6,7). O diabetes melittus (razão de chance de 4,9 [IC 95% 1,6-13,8]) e o tempo de doença maior do que 10 anos (razão de chance de 8,2 [IC 95% 1,8-39,7]) foram os únicos fatores associados com a doença isquêmica que permaneceram no modelo final após análise multivariada. Conclusão: A prevalência de infarto agudo do miocárdio foi semelhante com a observada em outros estudos. Entre os fatores de risco tradicionais e entre os fatores relacionados à artrite reumatoide, o diabetes melittus e o tempo de doença foram as variáveis associadas à comorbidade