Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological potential of green synthesized copper nanoparticles.

The phenomenal and astonishing properties and their different application in the field of pharmaceutical made copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) to be in the spotlight of the researcher's focus. In the present study, copper nanoparticles were biologically synthesized with the aqueous extract of the flower Millettia pinnata, and their corresponding characteristics were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and SAED analysis. Copper acetate was reduced to copper nanoparticles and is confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis. The maximum absorption occurring at 384 nm at the visible spectrum of UV rays confirms the surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles. The result of the FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the nanoparticles complements the involvement of organic mioties of the flower extract in the synthesis. The synthesized particles were extremely durable, spherical with the average particle size in the range of 23 ± 1.10 nm. The Cu-NPs exhibited greater inhibition on DPPH radical and nitric oxide scavenging activities. The biologically synthesized Cu-NPs was receptive to the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well. The Cu-NPs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity using albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization. The present study is the first effort done to synthesize of Cu-NPs from the extract of M. pinnata flower. Consequently, to authenticate the results and to establish the antioxidant, antibacterial, an anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agent, in vivo studies are made in the molecular level.

Evaluation of Polyphenolic Compounds and Pharmacological Activities in Hairy Root Cultures of Ligularia fischeri Turcz. f. spiciformis (Nakai).

A considerable amount of bioactive compounds have been used for the biopharmaceutical engineering to help human health and nutrition. Hairy root culture (HRC) or transgenic root is a favourable alternative technique for phytochemical production. Ligularia fischeri is a significant source of pharmaceutically important active compounds with an enormous range of health care applications. HRC of L. fischeri was developed using Agrobacterium rhizogenes for the production of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer and anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical activities. Hairy roots (HRs) were selected by morphological assessment, genetic and molecular analyses. The maximum accumulation of fresh mass (94.15 g/L) and dry mass (9.45 g/L) was recorded in MS liquid medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose at 28 days. Furthermore, HRs successfully produced numerous polyphenolic compounds, including six hydroxycinnamic acids, seven flavonols, seven hydroxybenzoic acids, vanillin, resveratrol, pyrogallol, homogentisic, and veratric acids, which were identified by UHPLC analysis. HRs produced higher total phenolic (185.65 mg/g), and flavonoid (5.25 mg/g) contents than non-transformed roots (125.55 mg/g and 3.75 mg/g). As a result of these metabolic changes, pharmaceutical activities were found higher in HRs than non-transformed roots (NTRs). The present study indicates that HRC has the potential to increase the content of beneficial polyphenolic compounds with higher potential pharmaceutical activities. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on enhancing the production of polyphenolic compounds with pharmaceutical activities from the HRCs of L. fischeri.