[Formation and Unique Experience of the Center For the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Pathology in Children and Adolescents Located in a Multidisciplinary Pediatric Hospital, as the Only Primary Center of Pediatric Stroke in the Russian Federation].

Stroke is in the top ten causes of children death, ahead of brain tumors. Х-ray diagnostics development has significantly improved the detectability of pediatric stroke. The average incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in children was 13 per 100,000 children annually. The main feature of children's stroke is its multifactorial character, which complicates diagnostic process and requires involvement of doctors of different specialties to determine the leading etiological factors and choose optimal therapy and management tactics. The Center for the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Pathology in Children and Adolescents was established on the basis of Morozov Children City Clinical Hospital by Moscow Healthcare Department, Order No. 169, dated February 27, 2014. The main task was to create a pediatric stroke center on the basis of multidisciplinary Morozov Children City Clinical Hospital, which met the main international requirements of the primary center for pediatric stroke. It was done to improve early diagnostic process, refine the algorithm for maintaining patient data in acute periods, develop preventive measures, maintain city pediatric stroke register, introduce family consultations, coordinate medical care for children with cerebrovascular pathology at various levels in Moscow, and improve medical care quality for children with cerebrovascular pathology and their families. Since April 2014 more than 800 children have undergone inpatient treatment and more than 420 have been treated in outpatient departments of Morozov Children City Clinical Hospital.

Polarization loss in the organic ferroelectric trialkylbenzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA).

We investigate the polarization loss in the archetypical molecular organic ferroelectric trialkylbenzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA). We prove that the polarization loss is due to thermally activated R-relaxation, which is a collective reversal of the amide dipole moments in ferroelectric domains. By applying a weak electrostatic field both the polarization loss and the R-relaxation are suppressed, leading to an enhancement of the retention time by at least several orders of magnitude. Alternative loss mechanisms are discussed and ruled out. By operating the thin-film devices slightly above the crystalline to liquid crystalline phase transition temperature the retention time of one compound becomes more than 12 hours even in absence of supportive bias, which is among the longest reported so far for organic ferroelectric materials.

True ferroelectric switching in thin films of trialkylbenzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA).

We have investigated the ferroelectric polarization switching properties of trialkylbenzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA), which is a model system for a large class of novel organic ferroelectric materials. In the solid state BTAs form a liquid crystalline columnar hexagonal phase that provides long range order that was previously shown to give rise to hysteretic dipolar switching. In this work the nature of the polar switching process is investigated by a combination of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, depth-resolved pyroelectric response measurements, and classical frequency- and time-dependent electrical switching. We show that BTAs, when brought in a homeotropically aligned hexagonal liquid crystalline phase, are truly ferroelectric. Analysis of the transient switching behavior suggests that the ferroelectric switching is limited by a highly dispersive nucleation process, giving rise to a wide distribution of switching times.

[The role of melatonin in progress of pathology of a retina in patients of senior age group].

Epiphysis cerebri and its hormone melatonin play a leading role in aging. Melatonin affects many biochemical processes in a human body. The authors assume that there is a correlation between the level of melatonin and development of macular degeneration by age.

[Modern tactics of the dystrophic retina disease treatment of patients of the elder age group].

One of the problems of elderly and senile patients is the reduction of visual acuity. Primarily this is due to AREDS as the most frequent cause of loss of visual acuity in people over 60 years. Therefore, the search for ways to protect and maintain visual function of elderly and senile patients is an important task both for ophthalmology and geriatrics.

Long-range non-diffusive spin transfer in a Hall insulator.

We report on optical visualization of spin propagation more than 100 µm. We present an electronic system in a new state of aggregation, the magnetofermionic condensate, in which the lowest-energy spin excitations - photoexcited spin-triplet magnetoexcitons - freely propagate over long distances, in the order of a millimeter, which implies non-diffusion spin transport. Our results open up a completely new system suitable for spintronic devices.

Author Correction: Long-range non-diffusive spin transfer in a Hall insulator.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Long-range coherence of interacting Bose gas of dipolar excitons.

Experiments connected with dipolar exciton Bose condensation in lateral traps are reviewed. Observations of long-range coherence of condensate in ring electrostatic traps in Schottky-diode heterostructures with double and single quantum wells are presented and discussed.

[Results of implementation of the subprograms "Goal-oriented medical examination of the Moscow population for early tuberculosis detection"].

The implementation of the subprograms "Goal-oriented medical examination of the Moscow population for early tuberculosis visage a differential screening of the population in relation to the risk of tuberculosis; fitting of health care facilities with current digital fluorographic equipment; improvement of an epidemiological screening of patients with tuberculosis. Over 7 years of implementation of the Program, advances were made: the population's coverage with preventive examinations increased by 11%; that of detively; the active detection of patients with respiratory abnormalities and those with pulmonary tuberculosis increased by 2.0 and 2.4 times, respectively; the proportion of tuberculosis patients actively detected rose by 1.5 times; 151 digital fluorographs and 11 X-ray units were purchased; a program for machine fluorography study accounting was worked out.

[Systemic enzyme therapy in the treatment of children with lower orbital wall fractures].

Wobenzim, a drug for systemic enzyme therapy, was used in 26 children with lower orbital wall fractures as monotherapy in early periods (on days 1 to 7) after brain injury to improve healing conditions and to minimize the formation of scar tissues in the fractural area. A control group comprised 24 patients who received systemic dehydration and vessel-strengthening therapy. Systemic enzyme therapy with Wobenzim could reduce the attenuation time of inflammatory manifestations of injury, prevent complications, such as strangulation of the musculus rectus inferior in the fractural area and development of strangulated orbital soft tissue hernia, and substantially decrease the number of patients having indications for surgical plastic repair of the orbital wall, as compared with the control group.

[THE CARDIORESPIRATORY PLASTICITY IN CHILDREN DURING THE PROCEDURE OF PACED BREATHING].

The cardiorespiratory plasticity in healthy children 9-10 years old (n = 72) was studied during the procedure of paced breathing. The observations of a child after an informed consent taken from him, his parents and teachers were carried out by a psychologist, a physiologist and a doctor after the lessons. In a preliminary series 1 minute trials of pace breathing with various frequencies (22-5.5 times/minute) were used which showed a good endurance of slow breathing. Inthemain series a 3 minute baseline recording and 4-5 periods of 1.5 minute duration with a stepwise reduction of breathing rate of 12, 8, 7, 6 times/minute and in 10 children - 5.5 times/minute were registered. Computer-aided pacer set the durations of inspiration, expiration, pause. The main parameters of heart-rate variability (HRV) and corresponding FFT spectra were analyzed by ANOVA. In children a high cardiorespiratory plasticity of heart rhythm according to frequency of pace breathing is observed. During the stepwise reduction of breathing rate a quasilinear growth of HRV and peak power of FFT spectra of RR-intervals are registered, reaching the maximum level in a HF-band at 12 breaths/min and in LF-band at frequencies of 6-5.5 that are critical to the sustained volitional control of cardiorespiratory processing in children. At 6-5.5 breaths/min a growth of HF-band power of heart rhythm modulation is also registered.

Magnetofermionic condensate in two dimensions.

Coherent condensate states of particles obeying either Bose or Fermi statistics are in the focus of interest in modern physics. Here we report on condensation of collective excitations with Bose statistics, cyclotron magnetoexcitons, in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system in a magnetic field. At low temperatures, the dense non-equilibrium ensemble of long-lived triplet magnetoexcitons exhibits both a drastic reduction in the viscosity and a steep enhancement in the response to the external electromagnetic field. The observed effects are related to formation of a super-absorbing state interacting coherently with the electromagnetic field. Simultaneously, the electrons below the Fermi level form a super-emitting state. The effects are explicable from the viewpoint of a coherent condensate phase in a non-equilibrium system of two-dimensional fermions with a fully quantized energy spectrum. The condensation occurs in the space of vectors of magnetic translations, a property providing a completely new landscape for future physical investigations.

[Organization of detection of patients with tuberculosis in Moscow].

The authors studied the X-ray detection of patients with tuberculosis in Moscow over 5 years (1997-2001). The subject of the study was the Moscow population numbering about 7 million people to undergo fluorographic examinations and a group of new cases (more than 12,000) of pulmonary tuberculosis. The study has provided the following data: The most patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are detected in the polyclinics, general somatic and mental hospitals, and psychoneurological nursing homes; they amount to 74.8, 22, and 3.2%, respectively. The leading detection method among Moscow adults and adolescents is currently fluorography that detects 83.7% of the patients. The highest proportion in the structure of clinical forms is infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis that amounts to 52.6%. Next is focal tuberculosis (14.9%); then in the descending order: disseminated tuberculosis (14.6%); tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (4.1%); tuberculoma (3.9%), pleuritis (3.3%), caseous pneumonia (2.9%), cavernous and fibrocavernous tuberculosis (1.8%), and cirrhotic tuberculosis (0.5%). There are 69.3 of males and 30.7% of females in the structure of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. The unemployed able-bodied persons account for 34.5%, workers, 14.7%, disabled, 12.7%, and pensioners, 10.8%. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are most frequently detected in social risk groups. With this, the highest detection rate per 1000 examinees is 29.1% in homeless persons and 26.9% in migrants. In medical risk groups, tuberculosis is more frequently identified in patients with mental diseases, chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases, and alcohol and drug users (8.7, 5.3, and 2.5, respectively per 1000). In an epidemiological risk group, the highest detection rate is noted among persons who are in contact with patients with tuberculosis (5.4 per 1000). Examination of risk-group patients who amounted to 32.2% of those undergone fluorography detects 62.9% of patients with tuberculosis.

[Analysis of cardiorespiratory coupling in athletes and non-athletes at paced rate of breathing].

The aims of the work were the study of cardiorespiratory coupling by method of paced breathing and the analysis of heart rate variability in men. Heart rhythm of 14 athletes and 12 non-athletes, 21 ± 1.4 years old, was registered in 3 minute sessions during spontaneous and paced breathing 14, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 times/minute. The subjects were following breathing rate from a display. Initial heart rate being more slow in athletes (p < 0.05) was retained during episodes of controlled breathing. The power of FFT spectra peaks of RR-intervals was growing quasilinearly during reduction of breathing rate, reaching its peak value at 5-4 breaths/minute in athletes. More pronounced modulations of RR intervals were observed in HF spectral band (p < 0.05) of athletes breathing 14-10 times/minute compared to non-athletes. The power of LF band of the spectrum in athletes breathing 8-4 times/minute was 2 times higher: variability of RR-intervals "shrinked" accordingly to paced breathing rate. The dominant role in slow oscillations of heart rate manifested by paced respirations with involvement of vagus baroreflex afferentations of lungs and chest is hypothesized to be the consequence of breathing under attentional control.

Super-long life time for 2D cyclotron spin-flip excitons.

An experimental technique for the indirect manipulation and detection of electron spins entangled in two-dimensional magnetoexcitons has been developed. The kinetics of the spin relaxation has been investigated. Photoexcited spin-magnetoexcitons were found to exhibit extremely slow relaxation in specific quantum Hall systems, fabricated in high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs structures; namely, the relaxation time reaches values over one hundred microseconds. A qualitative explanation of this spin-relaxation kinetics is presented. Its temperature and magnetic field dependencies are discussed within the available theoretical framework.

Phosphorus fertilizer production as a source of rare-earth elements pollution of the environment.

This paper considers some features of the production of phosphorus fertilizers in relation to pollution of the environment by rare-earth elements by measuring the change in the rare-earth elements interrelationship in snow. The main source of the pollution is identified. The distribution of pollutants is dependent on the size of the associated aerosol particles. We also report data on the concentrations of the pollutants in agricultural plants, employees' hair and hair of local residents.

[Aspects of the Moscow fluorographic services status and possible approaches to its reorganization]. / Nekotorye aspekty sostoianiia fliuorograficheskoi sluzhby Mosvy i vozmozhnye podkhody k ee reorganizatsii.

Due to the fact that modern digital fluorographic plants have been introduced into medical practice, it is necessary to elaborate new organizational and technological forms of work during fluorographic survey. For this, 1-2 Moscow okrugs completely equipped with digital fluorographic plants should be used to examine their actual capacities and on this basis to develop guidelines for detection of chest diseases by applying this new technological equipment. While organizing mass surveys by using digital fluorographs, it is necessary to take into account the definite conditions: health care facilities must be equipped with a uniform digital fluorograph; for continuity in work and information exchange, the software of all fluorographs must be unified within the city; a personified electronic fluographic card catalogue must be provided by identifying decreed contingents and tuberculosis risk groups; digital fluorographs must be fitted with the programmes that permit one to keep records and accounts in accordance with the approved official statistical forms; the database must be compatible in all users for prompt exchange of information on modem communication and for transmission of the results of a survey on diskette carriers; a fluorographic center wherein the fluorograms of individuals with suspected tuberculosis should be collected and deciphered (by modem communication or on diskette information carriers) must be set up on the basis of one of the tuberculosis dispensaries.

[Clinical course of isolated larval infestation of orbit in children]. / Osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia izolirovannogo larval'nogo porazheniia orbity i detei.

Clinical course of an isolated infestation of orbital tissues by larvae of helminths parasitizing in dogs (Toxocara canis) has been followed up in 5 patients aged 6-13 years. The process ran a wave-like course for 3-8 months and was characterized by cyclic inflammatory changes in the orbit, presenting by toxic allergic tenonitis, regional lymphadenitis, optic nerve perineuritis with formation of parasitic granuloma detected by computer-aided rhoentgenotomography of the orbit. No clinical or laboratory signs of common inflammatory and allergic reaction in the presence of Toxocara antigen sensitization were observed in any case, which was confirmed by detection of specific antibodies (IgG and IgE). Specific therapy with anti-nematode drug albendazol was effective.

[Plasticity of heart rate modulation of young adults during paced breathing with different frequencies].

The effect of paced breathing 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 times per minute with 160 and 90 s duration on the plasticity of slow modulations of heart rate was studied on 29 participants aged 21, both men and women. It was shown that the power spectrum of RR-intervals have dominant harmonics both in high- and low-frequency domains, peaking at 0.08-0.06 Hz for 160 s segments. Low-frequency peaks of the spectrum were growing in power linearly as a result of the graded slowing down of breathing rate. Frequency-dependent modulations of RR-intervals for a wide range of breathing frequencies confirm a substantial cardio-respiratory plasticity underlying cognitive and somatic processing.

Development of laser induced fluorescence diagnostic for measuring the parameters of plasma containing rare gas species.

Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique development activity for measurement of plasma parameters in ITER divertor plasma is described. Helium density is the task of priority, but Doppler measurement of ion (atom) temperatures is also the aim of the program. The concept of ITER scenarios includes injection of "extrinsic" impurities (Ne, Ar, and Kr). It is possible to use the species as tracing elements for measurement of T(i), T(a). The program included modeling experiments on PNX-U (a multicusp trap with microwave argon plasma). Helium was added by puffing into discharge. Temperatures T(i)(Ar(1+)) and T(a)(He(0)) have been measured by scanning laser line across absorption line of species. Summarizing of fluorescence signals provided input data for estimation of Ar(1+) and He(0) densities via interpretative collisional-radiative models. Besides, the collisional-radiative model has been used for estimation of electron density using the ratio of fluorescence signals at 388.9 and 706.5 nm helium lines.