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1.
Indian J Radiol Imaging ; 33(2): 240-245, 2023 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37123589

RESUMEN

Neuro-osteoarthropathy often called as Charcot joint results from decreased sensory innervations of the involved joint resulting in severely damaged and disrupted joints and involvement of adjacent soft tissues. Charcot joint is characterized by the "6Ds," which are i) distended joints, ii) density increase, iii) debris production, iv) dislocation, v) disorganization, and vi) destruction. Hip joint involvement is very rare probably because of rich nerve supply compared with other peripheral joints. To minimize the joint deformity and loss of function, early diagnosis is of great importance in which radiological imaging plays a major role.

2.
Indian J Radiol Imaging ; 33(4): 548-554, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37811180

RESUMEN

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon condition, which can result either from a primary genetic abnormality affecting children or secondary to various conditions like malignancy or infection predominantly in adults. HLH is associated with immune dysregulation, resulting in an uncontrolled overproduction and infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes. The infiltration predominantly involves liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and central nervous system. Neuroimaging features on magnetic resonance imaging are highly nonspecific and variable. The most typical findings include periventricular white matter hyperintensities and diffuse atrophy. Ring or nodular enhancing or nonenhancing focal parenchymal lesions may be seen. Here, we present three pediatric cases of primary HLH with a wide spectrum of imaging findings involving cerebral and cerebellar cortex, white matter, deep gray matter, and brain stem. The findings in these patients range from small nonenhancing hemorrhagic lesions and enhancing small lesions to ill-defined mass with mass effect and midline shift. Lesions in deep gray matter including thalamus, basal ganglia, and also brain stem in HLH are rarely described in literature. Early diagnosis of HLH and timely management can improve the course of the disease.

3.
Indian J Radiol Imaging ; 32(4): 594-600, 2022 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36451958

RESUMEN

Rabies is a major disease burden worldwide, especially in Asia. Approximately, 59,000 human deaths per year occurs in over 150 countries due to rabies, with Africa and Asia contributing 95% of cases. It is a fatal infection of central nervous system (CNS) caused by rabies RNA virus via transmission through bite of an infected animal, aerosols, open wound, or organ transplantation. Magnetic resonance imaging helps in early detection of involvement of CNS and to differentiate rabies encephalitis from other conditions like Guillain-Barre syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and other viral encephalitis.

4.
Leuk Lymphoma ; 63(11): 2589-2596, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35819878

RESUMEN

Detection of marrow infiltration is crucial in extramedullary B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). We studied the efficiency of high acquisition flow cytometry (FCM) in detecting marrow involvement in B-NHL patients and compared its performance with marrow aspiration (BMA) cytology, marrow biopsy (BMB), and positron emission tomography (PET). No case with marrow infiltration was found to be BMB positive and FCM negative. BMA cytology showed poor sensitivity and specificity. Only 50% of FCM positive cases showed evidence of marrow involvement by PET. Neither the nature of lymphoma nor the burden of the marrow disease showed a correlation with PET positivity. Four cases that were positive only by PET had findings in areas other than the iliac region. We found more cogent and convincing results with high event acquisition in FCM. This study shows that a combination of PET and FCM with high event acquisition is the best way for assessing marrow involvement in B-NHL cases.


Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea , Linfoma de Células B , Humanos , Médula Ósea/patología , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Citometría de Flujo , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Linfoma de Células B/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfoma de Células B/patología , Biopsia , Estudios Retrospectivos
5.
Indian J Radiol Imaging ; 30(3): 379-382, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33273774

RESUMEN

Histiocytosis is a group of rare diseases with vast imaging findings, few of which are distinctive and characteristic that help to differentiate each one of them. Therefore, typical imaging appearances must be recognized to include the possibility in the differential diagnosis, whenever considered pertinent. Hereby, we present one such unique case of histiocytosis in a 26-year-old female, which involved intertwined and overlapping features of radiological findings.

6.
Indian J Radiol Imaging ; 30(2): 116-125, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33100678

RESUMEN

Schwannomas are peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from cranial, spinal or peripheral nerves. Most of the schwannomas are benign with the rare possibility of malignant transformation. Cranial nerve schwannomas can be seen along the course of any cranial nerve in the intracranial region or head and neck location. Although a majority are solitary sporadic lesions, multiple schwannomas can be seen in syndromes like neurofibromatosis type 2 and rarely in type 1. Since intracranial schwannomas are slow-growing, clinical presentation varies between no symptoms to cranial nerve palsy. Most of the times, the symptoms are due to mass effect over the adjacent structures, foraminal widening, compression of other cranial nerves, denervation injury or hydrocephalus. Familiarity with the course of the cranial nerves, imaging appearances and clinical presentation of schwannomas helps in accurate diagnosis and possible differential diagnosis, especially in uncommon clinical and radiological appearances. In this pictorial review, we illustrate relevant anatomy of cranial nerves, imaging features of schwannomas of most of the cranial nerves, clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.

7.
Indian J Radiol Imaging ; 30(3): 319-326, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33273765

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Prognosis and survival rates for breast cancer vary greatly depending on the cancer stage of the patient. Instead of a step-by-step approach using multiple investigations, we can get all the information about the metastatic load of the disease in PET-CT imaging by one single investigation. There is also a correlation between prognosis, FDG uptake, and molecular subtype of breast cancer (Luminal A, Luminal B, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive and Triple-negative). Pre-treatment baseline PET-CT scan was done in 156 unilateral early and operable breast cancer patients from November 2017 to April 2019 in our prospective observational study. AIMS: To evaluate the utility of PET-CT in staging and upstaging of early and operable breast cancer by detection of unsuspected lymph nodes and distant organ metastases.To determine the prognostic association between SUVmax of the primary breast lesion in the upstaged cases and the molecular subtypes. RESULTS: Thus, PET-CT can serve as one-stop imaging in unilateral operable early breast cancer patients for upstaging and prognostication based on the correlation of SUVmax with molecular subtypes of breast lesions in patients who will surely benefit from whole-body imaging.Out of 156 patients, approximately 27 patients were upstaged after pre-treatment PET CT.Six patients were upstaged to stage IIIC and 21 patients were upstaged to IV.Regional nodes like internal mammary and supraclavicular nodes were detected in 7 patients and 5 patients, respectively, out of 156 patients.Non-regional distant nodes and organ metastases were detected in 11 and 18 patients out of 156 patients.Most common molecular subtype detected in the upstaged cases in our study was Luminal A (13 patients) followed by Triple negative (6), Luminal B (3) and HER2-neu-positive subtypes (1). CONCLUSIONS: FDG PET-CT is a substantial modality to provide information on regional, non regional lymph nodes and distant metastases in early operable breast cancer.It helps in evaluating the whole body metastatic burden in a single sitting, therefore, reducing the need for multiple investigations.SUVmax association of the index lesion with molecular subtype in the FDG PET scanning can serve as a prognostication factor in operable early breast cancer patients.

8.
Indian J Radiol Imaging ; 30(3): 386-388, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33273776

RESUMEN

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare group of neoplasms showing a mixture of spindle-shaped myofibroblasts or fibroblasts and a variable amount of inflammatory cells (eosinophils, plasma cells, and lymphocytes). They are not usually included in the differential diagnosis of nodules and masses because of their rarity, therefore, remaining an underdiagnosed entity. We report one such rare case in a 3-year-old female.

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