[Cost-effectiveness analysis of aripiprazole once-monthly versus paliperidone palmitate once-monthly in the treatment of schizophrenia in France]. / Analyse coût-efficacité de l'aripiprazole injectable à libération prolongée (AILP) comparé au palmitate de palipéridone (PP) dans le traitement de la schizophrénie en France.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness ratio of aripiprazole once-monthly compared to once-monthly injectable paliperidone palmitate in the treatment of schizophrenia in France on the basis of results and data from the QUALIFY study. METHODS: Consumed resources data measured with a dedicated questionnaire and results on the quality of life scales from the QUALIFY study were combined with French standard unit costs of each collected consumed resources during QUALIFY to estimate the cost-effectiveness ratios of the two products. Multivariate sensitivity analyses were performed to test the combined impact of the different assumptions. RESULTS: Findings of the study showed greater efficacy on the quality of life (QLS) and psychiatric evaluation scales (CGI-S and CGI-I) observed in QUALIFY of aripiprazole compared with paliperidone palmitate. Findings also suggest a trend (P=0.0733) in the reduction of total costs linked to a statistical decrease (P<0,0001) in drug costs in the aripiprazole group. These findings are reinforced by the probabilistic sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Aripiprazole appeared to be more cost-effective than paliperidone palmitate in the French context. Limits of this study are mainly related with the duration of the clinical trial and to assumptions on the transposability of measured consumed resources in the international clinical trial to the French healthcare system.

[Isokinetic dynamometer measurement of shoulder rotational strength in healthy elite athletes (swimming, volley-ball, tennis): comparison between dominant and nondominant shoulder]. / Mesure de la force des muscles rotateurs de l'épaule chez des sportifs sains de haut niveau (natation, volley-ball, tennis) par dynamomètre isocinétique: comparaison entre épaule dominante et non dominante.

OBJECTIVE: To compare lateral rotator (LR) and medial rotator (MR) muscle strength of both shoulders in a sport involving asymmetrical movements (tennis), symmetrical movements (swimming), and symmetrical and asymmetrical movements (volley-ball). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 42 healthy elite athletes (18 women: 14 tennis players, 19 swimmers and 9 volleyball players. We evaluated the strength of LR and MR of both shoulders by Cybex Norm isokinetic dynamometer, in the concentric mode, in the modified Davies position, at 2 different speeds (60 degrees and 180 degrees s(-1)) and analysed peak torque of LR and MR and LR/MR ratios. RESULTS: TENNIS: The MR peak torque of the dominant shoulder was significantly higher than that of the non-dominant shoulder. The LR/MR ratio of the dominant shoulder was significantly lower than the non dominant shoulder in women. SWIMMING: The LR strength and LR/MR ratio of the dominant shoulder was higher than the non dominant side in men at 60 degrees/second. Both shoulders showed comparable strength in women. VOLLEYBALL: Shoulder muscular strength was symmetrical. CONCLUSION: The higher strength of MR muscles in the dominant shoulder of tennis players (asymmetrical movements) has been reported in the literature. Athletes show asymmetrical shoulder strength in swimming, a symmetrical sport and similar LR and MR strength in both shoulders in volleyball, a sport with asymmetrical movements. To our knowledge, these results have never been reported before.