Inhibition of T-cell invasion across cultured fibroblast monolayers by phenothiazine-related calmodulin inhibitors: impairment of lymphocyte motility by trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, and alteration of the monolayer by pimozide.

Phenothiazines inhibit the typical shape changes displayed by activated lymphocytes and thereby their migration through polycarbonate filters. The structure activity relationship of this effect is distinct from calmodulin inhibition. Our aim was to study this effect of phenothiazines on lymphocyte migration in an environment with living solid tissue cells. We assessed the effect of trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine (TFP and CP, two strong inhibitors of lymphocyte motility) and pimozide (PIM, a much weaker inhibitor of lymphocyte motility but a strong inhibitor of calmodulin) on invasion of human Molt-4 T-cells across precultured fibroblast monolayers. As expected invasion was inhibited by TFP and CP in the micromolar range that also inhibited motility. Surprisingly, PIM inhibited monolayer invasion at least as efficiently as TFP and CP (from 2.25 microM on). Preincubation of the monolayers or the lymphoid cells show that PIM exerted this novel invasion inhibiting effect on the monolayer. TFP and CP had a much weaker effect on the monolayer. Since these three compounds inhibit calmodulin in the same order, it is likely that this effect on the monolayer was caused by inhibition of a calmodulin-dependent pathway. KN-62, a specific inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II acted on the monolayer like PIM, whereas ML-7, a specific inhibitor of myosin regulatory light chain kinase, inhibited lymphoid cell motility like TFP and CP. In conclusion, invasion of T-cells across cellular monolayers is inhibited both by PIM and by phenothiazines like TFP and CP, but via distinct mechanisms: TFP and CP inhibit lymphocyte motility via a calmodulin independent pathway, whereas PIM impairs the monolayer's tolerance for invasion, most likely via a calmodulin and CamKII dependent pathway.

[Pneumatosis cystoides of the intestines, mesentery and greater omentum]. / Odma pecherzykowa jelit, krezki i sieci wiekszej.

A 36-year-old man is described with idiopathic emphysema of the mediastium, neck, subcutaneous tissue of the chest and abdomen followed by pneumatosis cystoides of the intestine, mesentery, greater omentum and peritoneum with good outcome.

[Management of Meckel's diverticulum]. / Postepowanie w uchylkach Meckela.

Thirty-three Meckel's diverticula were found intraoperatively and 31 were removed for various indications. One patient died. The management was justified in the light of own experiences and literature data on the pathological changes in the diverticulum and complications caused by them. Even large and broad-based diverticula should be removed in emergency situations, if no special or temporary contraindications are present.

[Functional treatment of central hip dislocation--personal modifications]. / Zachowawcze leczenie centralnego zwichniecia biodra--w odmianie wlasnej.

A slow, lasting for several hours method for reduction of central dislocation of the hip with the use of bidirectional traction, with Rush pin introduced in the trochanter major and Steinmann pin in supracondylar area, with 18 degrees of the lateral tilt of the bed, with standard upper frame of Gruca bed mounted laterally and great traction force against the hip is presented. The universal Gruca splint was employed in the after-treatment. In 12 patients with grade II and III central dislocation of the hip excellent early anatomical and functional results were achieved.