C3 glomerulopathy: consensus report.

C3 glomerulopathy is a recently introduced pathological entity whose original definition was glomerular pathology characterized by C3 accumulation with absent or scanty immunoglobulin deposition. In August 2012, an invited group of experts (comprising the authors of this document) in renal pathology, nephrology, complement biology, and complement therapeutics met to discuss C3 glomerulopathy in the first C3 Glomerulopathy Meeting. The objectives were to reach a consensus on: the definition of C3 glomerulopathy, appropriate complement investigations that should be performed in these patients, and how complement therapeutics should be explored in the condition. This meeting report represents the current consensus view of the group.

Addressing the impact of trauma before diagnosing mental illness in child welfare.

Congress set requirements for child welfare agencies to respond to emotional trauma associated with child maltreatment and removal. In meeting these requirements, agencies should develop policies that address child trauma. To assist in policy development, this study analyzes more than 14,000 clinical assessments from child welfare in Illinois. Based on the analysis, the study recommends child welfare agencies adopt policies requiring that (1) mental health screenings and assessments of all youth in child welfare include measures of traumatic events and trauma-related symptoms; (2) evidence-based, trauma-focused treatment begin when a youth in child welfare demonstrates a trauma-related symptom; and (3) a clinician not diagnose a youth in child welfare with a mental illness without first addressing the impact of trauma. The study also raises the issue of treatment reimbursement based on diagnosis.

Defining trauma and a trauma-informed COVID-19 response.

The ubiquitous exposure to COVID-19 argues for governments to use a trauma-informed response as a universal precaution, with the goal of promoting the recovery and resilience of their residents. How a system defines trauma will drive its administrative policies, research, and clinical services. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach offers governments a framework to define trauma and incorporate trauma-informed principles and tasks into their COVID-19 responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Clinical and forensic outcomes from the Illinois mental health juvenile justice initiative.

OBJECTIVE: To address the mental health needs of youths who are arrested and detained in Illinois, an initiative was designed and implemented that identified youths with psychotic or affective disorders, linked them to community services, and monitored their cases. This study assessed whether such linkage is possible and whether it improves clinical and forensic outcomes. METHOD: S: Under the initiative, court staff refer youths who may have a mental illness to a clinical liaison. If the youth is eligible for the program, the liaison works with the family to develop a community-based action plan. For the analysis presented here, the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths-Mental Health Scale (CANS-MH) and the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS) were used to assess outcomes among 314 youths who had completed the program at the time of the study. School and forensic outcomes were also monitored. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of the youths were successfully linked to at least one mental health or community service. A comparison of average CANS-MH dimension scores at enrollment and program completion indicated that youths' emotional problems decreased considerably within three months of referral. CAFAS scores six months after enrollment improved across nearly all dimensions. Home, community, and school functioning were significantly improved from baseline. Only 42 percent of the youths were rearrested, compared with a statewide rate of 72 percent of detained youths. CONCLUSION: S: By linking youths with significant mental health needs to existing community-based services, it appears possible both to ameliorate psychopathology and to reduce delinquency.

Infusing protective factors for children in foster care.

This article looks at an example of infusing protective factors into a child welfare system. Focusing on Illinois and its state child welfare agency, the article reviews some of the research on the relationship between risk behaviors and protective factors of traumatized youth. Next, it looks at adapting treatment and evidence-based early intervention practices to local child welfare settings. These interventions are placed in the wider context of a state plan to enhance protective factors. The article reviews how the state and local plans have been influenced by federal policies and how the Illinois experience might help refine future policy.