RESUMEN
Due to the serious harm of depression to human health and quality of life, an accurate diagnosis of depression is warranted. For the complex etiology of depression, a single biomarker diagnostic method often leads to misdiagnosis. As noradrenaline and HClO are closely related to depression, a "dual-locked" fluorescence probe R-NE-HClO for diagnosing of depression through the simultaneous detection of noradrenaline and HClO was designed and synthesized. Fluorescence of R-NE-HClO can only be restored in the presence of both noradrenaline and HClO. The probe demonstrates excellent selectivity for noradrenaline and HClO and low cytotoxicity in cell imaging experiments. It is to be observed that we successfully applied the probe to accurately detect depressed cells which provides a possible tool for diagnosing depression.
Asunto(s)
Colorantes Fluorescentes , Norepinefrina , Depresión , Ácido Hipocloroso , Calidad de Vida , HumanosRESUMEN
The commercial cationic surfactants (CSAa) with quaternary ammonium (QA) groups have proved to be broad-spectrum bactericide against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Nevertheless, they inevitably exhibit potent irritation on the skin. In this work, we systematically investigated the regulatory mechanism of the host-guest supramolecular conformation with ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) on the bactericidal performance and skin irritation of CSAa with different head groups and chain lengths. When the ratio of incorporated ß-CD is not greater than 1:1, the bactericidal efficiency of CSAa@ß-CD (n > 12) remained above 90 % due to the free QA groups and hydrophobic fraction that can act on negatively charged bacterial membranes. And once the ratio of ß-CD exceeded 1:1, the ß-CD attracted to the bacterial surface by hydrogen bonding might prevent CSAa@ß-CD from acting on bacteria, resulting in a decrement in antibacterial performance. Even so, the antibacterial activity of CSAa with long alkyl chains (n = 16, 18) was independent from the complexation of ß-CD. Accordingly, both the zein solubilization assay and the neutrophil migration assay on zebrafish skin evidenced that ß-CD attenuated the interaction of surfactant with skin model proteins and the inflammatory effect on zebrafish, thereby enhancing skin mildness. In this way, we hope to create a simple but effective brainpower using the host-guest approach to guarantee both bactericidal efficiency and skin mildness without modifying the chemical structure of these commercial biocides.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Amonio , Pez Cebra , Animales , Tensoactivos/farmacología , Tensoactivos/química , Conformación Molecular , Antibacterianos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Depression is a serious mental disease that causes grievous harm to human health and quality of life. The vesicular exocytosis of noradrenaline (NE), rather than its intrinsic intracellular concentration, is more associated with depression. Based on the reports on exocytosis of NE, it is reasonable to assume that the viscosity of cells has an important effect on the release of NE. Herein, a dual-response fluorescent probe (RHO-DCO-NE) for detecting NE and viscosity was designed and synthesized. The probe can simultaneously detect NE concentration and viscosity level with negligible crosstalk between the two channels. We utilized the probe to study the effect of viscosity changes on the NE release of PC12 and the corticosterone-induced PC12 cells. The experiment data revealed that the decrease in viscosity level can accelerate the release of NE of depression cell models. The finding provides new insight into the study of the pathological mechanisms of depression.