Anatomical Features of the Tarsal Sinus in Patients with Pes Planus: Implications for Clinical Management.

BACKGROUND In the treatment of pes planus, if the implant does not match the anatomical structures of the sinus tarsi, synovitis can develop, causing pain symptoms. In the interest of making clinical recommendations for extra-osseous talotarsal stabilization, the goal of the present study was to characterize the anatomical characteristics of the sinus tarsi in patients with pes planus using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective study involving 56 pes planus patients and 56 healthy volunteers from January 2014 to May 2022. The sinus tarsi was measured for length and width, for angle with the coronal and sagittal axes, and for length of the subtalar implant. RESULTS All examined metrics showed a difference between pes planus patients and healthy participants, with the exception of the subtalar implant's length. The average sinus tarsi length and width among pes planus patients were 19.23 mm and 2.91 mm, respectively. The angle between the sinus tarsi and the coronal and sagittal axes was 21.418° and 25.077°, while the length of approach was 33.06 mm and 0.76°. The only gender differences that were statistically significant were in the length and width of the sinus tarsi. There were no notable variations between the left and right sides. CONCLUSIONS Sinus tarsi morphology may be impacted by pes planus. When treating patients with pes planus, clinicians should take these anatomical factors into consideration since they might more completely characterize the anatomical features of the sinus tarsi.

Effects of Cervical Rotatory Manipulation on Internal Carotid Artery in Hemodynamics Using an Animal Model of Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Safety Study.

BACKGROUND Spinal manipulation, particularly in cervical rotatory manipulation (CRM), has become increasingly popular in physical therapies, with satisfying effect. However, it is still unclear whether CRM affects internal carotid arteries (ICA) with mild carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), especially in hemodynamics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nine cynomolgus monkeys were randomly divided into 3 groups: the CAS-CRM, the CAS, and the blank control groups. CAS models were developed in the left ICA in the CAS-CRM and the CAS groups. The monkeys in the CAS-CRM group underwent CRM intervention for 3 weeks. Histology and hemodynamics were measured, including peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), time average velocity (TAV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI). Measurements were made separately at 3 different rotation angles (0°, 45°, and 90°). RESULTS In the 3 groups, with the increase of rotation angle, the decreasing tendency of PSV, EDV, and TAV and the increasing tendency of RI and PI were statistically significant. At each angle, the monkeys in the CAS-CRM and the CAS groups had lower levels of PSV, EDV, and TAV and higher levels of RI and PI compared with the blank control group. No significant difference in hemodynamics was found between the CAS-CRM and the CAS groups. CONCLUSIONS Both the rotational angle and the atherosclerotic disease can affect the blood flow of the ICA. However, CRM does not cause adverse effects on hemodynamics in cynomolgus monkeys with mild CAS, and appears to be a relatively safe technique.

The role of mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in knee osteoarthritis inflammation.

Mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 is known to mediate a variety of inflammatory pathways and is also involved in the occurrence and development of many orthopedic diseases. Although its role in the inflammatory mechanism of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has been reported, a systematic explanation is yet to be seen. This article aims to summarize the role of inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of KOA and elucidate the mechanism by which the Piezo1-mediated inflammatory response contributes to the pathogenesis of KOA, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The results indicate that in the mechanism leading to knee osteoarthritis, Piezo1 can mediate the inflammatory response through chondrocytes and synovial cells, participating in the pathological progression of KOA. Piezo1 has the potential to become a new target for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Additionally, as pain is one of the most severe manifestations in KOA patients, the inflammatory response mediated by Piezo1, which causes the release of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory factors leading to pain, can be further explored.

Effect analysis of medial bracing plate combined with cannulated screw in unstable femoral neck fracture assisted by surgical hip dislocation: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Unstable femoral neck fractures have a high likelihood of causing severe disruption to the blood supply. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of surgical hip dislocation using a medial support plate combined with cannulated screw fixation for the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged adults. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 68 young adults who underwent internal fixation of unstable femoral neck fractures. The observation group included 32 patients who had received medial support plate and cannulated screw fixation by the surgical hip dislocation method and 36 patients who had undergone anti-rotation screw composite compression system fixation comprised the comparison group. The amount of intraoperative bleeding, surgery duration, fracture recovery time and complications were recorded. The degree of femoral neck shortening and Garden index were assessed using the Zlowodzki method. Additionally, hip functionality was evaluated using the Harris score at 3 and 6 months and at the last follow-up. RESULTS: All 68 patients in both groups were followed up for 12-42 months (mean, 22.4 months). The postoperative incision was well-aligned and no inflation was observed. The intraoperative blood loss and surgery duration in the comparison group were longer than those in the observation. Additionally, the observation group had a significantly shorter fracture recovery time and a higher Garden index than the comparison at 6 months postoperatively; however, there was no significant statistical discrepancy between the two groups at the remaining time points. The observation group had higher Harris scores than the comparison at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Surgical hip dislocation applied to the medial support plate combined with cannulated screw fixation has clinical application value in restoring the stability of femoral neck fractures while facilitating the maintenance of blood flow to the femoral head and neck.

A model of anterior cruciate ligament injury in cynomolgus monkeys developed via arthroscopic surgery.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important structure that maintains the stability of knee joints. Animal models of ACL injury are helpful to explore its underlying mechanisms, and strategies for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop an efficient model of ACL injury in cynomolgus monkeys via arthroscopic techniques. In the present study, 18 cynomolgus monkeys were randomly divided into a model group (n=6), a sham operation group (n=6) and a blank control group (n=6). One-quarter of the ACL was removed under arthroscopy in the model group. In the sham operation group, only arthroscopic exploration was performed as a control. In the blank control group, monkeys were housed under the same conditions for the same length of time. Magnetic resonance imaging examination was performed pre- and post-operatively, as well as measurements of the circumference of the thigh and calf, and of the maximum flexion degree of the knee. Anterior drawer test, Lachman test and pivot-shift tests were also performed. The results revealed that the injured side of the knees in the model group became unstable, as determined from evaluation of the physical tests. In conclusion, based on these findings, the modeling method of ACL injury was effective, and may contribute to the associated research concerning ACL injury.

Mechanism of Activating the Proprioceptive NT-3/TrkC Signalling Pathway by Reverse Intervention for the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Hamstring Reflex Arc with Electroacupuncture.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important structure maintaining stability of the knee joints. Deficits in physical stability and the proprioceptive capabilities of the knee joints are observed, when the ACL is damaged. Additionally, a unilateral ACL injury can affect bilateral knee proprioception; therefore, proprioception of the ACL may play a key role in stability. Electroacupuncture therapy has a definite effect nerve regeneration. In this study, cynomolgus monkeys were randomly divided into 4 groups: the model control group, intervention of the injured knee with electroacupuncture (IIKE) group, intervention of the bilateral knees with electroacupuncture (IBKE) group, and the blank control group. The unilateral ACL injury model was developed in IIKE and IBKE groups; acupuncture points around the knees underwent intervention similarly in the IIKE and IBKE groups. Then, mRNA and protein expressions of NT-3 and TrkC in the dorsal root ganglion and of growth-associated protein-43 in the ACL increased according to reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting results. Decreased incubations and increased amplitudes were found for somatosensory-evoked potentials and motor nerve conduction velocity. The finding indicates that electroacupuncture may play an important role in the recovery of proprioception in the ACL by activating the NT-3/TrkC signalling pathway.

An anatomical study of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae based on the three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction.

Palpation of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) is important for the diagnosis and treatment of neck and chest conditions. However, the spinous process of C7 (C7-SP) displays an anatomical deviation among individuals. The present study aimed to clarify anatomic characteristics of C7-SP by using a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) reconstruction technique. A total of 245 subjects meeting the selection criteria were examined. After CT scanning, the images were reconstructed in 3D. All subjects were grouped according to their deviation of C7-SP: Deviating to the right (DR group), deviating to the left (DL group) and no deviation (ND group). Three distances and three angles were recorded on C7-SP. The vertical distances between the borders of the left and right transverse processes and the tip of the SP, were termed DLTS and DRTS, respectively. The length of the SP was also determined. The angle of the SP deviation was referred to as ∠α, the angle between the SP axis and the line crossing the tips of the transverse processes was referred to as âˆ ß and the angle between the vertebral body axis and the SP axis was referred to as ∠γ. Among the three groups, differences in ∠α and âˆ ß were statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, the DLTS was significantly different between the DL and ND groups (P<0.05). In addition, a significant difference in the DRTS was identified between the DR and ND groups (P<0.05). 3D CT reconstruction was reliable for studying anatomic characteristics of C7-SP. Based on this, patients may be preliminarily grouped according to the deviation of their C7-SP and the measurement of the C7-SP may guide clinical diagnoses and treatments.

[Clinical application of atlas translaminar screws fixation in treatment of atlatoaxial instability].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of fixation of atlas translaminar screws in the treatment of atlatoaxial instability. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 32 patients with atlatoaxial instability treated with atlantoaxial trans-pedicle screws between March 2007 and August 2009. Of them, 7 patients underwent atlas translaminar screws combined with axis transpedicle screws fixation because of fracture types, anatomic variation, and intraoperative reason, including 5 males and 2 females with an average age of 48.2 years (range, 35-69 years). A total of 9 translaminar screws were inserted. Injury was caused by traffic accident in 4 cases, falling from height in 2 cases, and crushing in 1 case. Two cases had simple odontoid fracture (Anderson type II), and 5 cases had odontoid fracture combined with other injuries (massa lateralis atlantis fracture in 2, atlantoaxial dislocation in 1, and Hangman fracture in 2). The interval between injury and operation was 4-9 days (mean, 6 days). The preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was 8.29 +/- 1.60. RESULTS: The X-ray films showed good position of the screws. Healing of incision by first intention was obtained, and no patient had injuries of the spinal cord injury, nerve root, and vertebral artery. Seven cases were followed up 9-26 months (mean, 14 months). Good bone fusion was observed at 8 months on average (range, 6-11 months). No loosening, displacement, and breakage of internal fixation, re-dislocation and instability of atlantoaxial joint, or penetrating of pedicle screw into the spinal canal and the spinal cord occurred. The JOA score was significantly improved to 15.29 +/- 1.38 at 6 months after operation (t = 32.078, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Atlas translaminar screws fixation has the advantages of firm fixation, simple operating techniques, and relative safety, so it may be a remedial measure of atlatoaxial instability.