Positronium Laser Cooling via the 1

We report on laser cooling of a large fraction of positronium (Ps) in free flight by strongly saturating the 1^{3}S-2^{3}P transition with a broadband, long-pulsed 243 nm alexandrite laser. The ground state Ps cloud is produced in a magnetic and electric field-free environment. We observe two different laser-induced effects. The first effect is an increase in the number of atoms in the ground state after the time Ps has spent in the long-lived 2^{3}P states. The second effect is one-dimensional Doppler cooling of Ps, reducing the cloud's temperature from 380(20) to 170(20) K. We demonstrate a 58(9)% increase in the fraction of Ps atoms with v_{1D}<3.7×10^{4} ms^{-1}.

[The effect of social factors on the process of learning complex forms of behavior in adolescent chimpanzees]. / Vliianie nekotorykh sotsial'nykh faktorov na protsess obucheniia sloznym formam povedeniia u shimpanze podrostkovogo vozrasta.

Learning behaviour in chimpanzee has been investigated on a group of three animals at the age of 5-6 years. Situation conditioned reflex was elaborated in unrestrained monkeys which were trained to visual discrimination between abstract images of various complexity. Changes in experimental situation significantly affected learning process. It was shown that social contacts with experimenter are important for the effective learning in juvenile chimpanzee.

[Evaluation of the results of reconstructive operations in patients with occlusive diseases of the abdominal aorta and its branches]. / Otsenka rezul'tatov rekonstruktivnykh operatsii u bol'nykh s okkliuzionnymi zabolevaniiami briushnoi aorty i ee vetvei.

The article deals with the results of studying regional microcirculation in 550 patients with chronic arterial insufficiency. Radioisotope study of blood flow in the muscles with isotopes 131I or 133Xe before and after muscular exertion, morpho-histological++ study of biopsies from a skeletal muscle, histochemical and ultrastructural study of the microcirculatory channel were carried out. Analysis of the findings made it possible to distinguish, according to the changes in circulation in the tissues, three clinical groups of patients (compensated, subcompensated, and decompensated), to determine the indications and contraindications for various types of reconstructive operations, and to prognosticate with high authenticity the outcome of the disease.

[Morphofunctional preservation of islet cells of the guinea pig pancreas during subculture]. / Morfofunktsional'naia sokhrannost' ostrovkovykh kletok podzheludochnoi zhelezy morskoi svinki pri ikh subkul'tivirovanii.

The authors studied the possibilities of long-term culture of islet cells of guinea-pig pancreas by passages. beta-cells of guinea-pig pancreas were cultured for 180 days and underwent 6 passages. Morphological and radioimmunological studies of long-term-viable cells of the pancreas have shown that regular passages enable the obtaining of a homogeneous population of beta-cells. During all the passages, the cells preserve the morphological and functional features of islet tissue.