Kidney cancer with thyroid metastasis combined with thyroid carcinoma, a case report.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system. There have been some reports on kidney cancer with thyroid metastasis. However, kidney cancer has rarely been detected during thyroid cancer surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a rare case of kidney cancer with thyroid metastasis, combined with thyroid carcinoma. A 66-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in September 2021 due to enlarged left thyroid nodules for two years. The patient was diagnosed with a left thyroid nodule on physical examination in 2012. Extended radical resection of the thyroid cancer was performed. Intraoperatively, two thyroid lesions were identified. Thus, the patient was definitively diagnosed with kidney cancer with thyroid metastasis and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Furthermore, two metastatic nodules due to kidney cancer and one metastatic lymph node lesion due to thyroid cancer were found in the loose connective tissue adjacent to the thyroid. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney cancer with thyroid metastasis and thyroid carcinoma rarely co-occur, and it is difficult to identify the primary tumor. Although clinical examination methods are increasingly updated, the past medical history and physical examination are still very important.

An 11-year retrospective study: clinicopathological and survival analysis of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm.

To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and relevant prognostic factors of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN), to improve our understanding of GEP-NEN.This was a retrospective analysis of 155 patients (average age 53.7 ±â€Š13.6 years) pathologically diagnosed with GEP-NEN. We analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and prognostic factors of GEP-NEN.The most common primary site was the pancreas (41.9%), followed by the rectum, stomach and duodenum. Most cases were nonfunctional GEP-NENs (149/155) with nonspecific symptoms. TNM stage and histological grade were determined by the latest criteria. Surgical resection was the mainstay of treatment in 150 patients, and 22 patients received chemotherapy under different circumstances. A total of 130 patients were followed up for a median of 44 months, and 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 82.3% and 72.3%, respectively. According to univariate and multivariate analysis, incidental diagnosis, maximum tumor diameter, tumor stage, lymph node and distant metastasis, TNM stage, and histological grade were significantly correlated with overall survival, but histological grade was the only factor confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for long-term survival of GEP-NEN.GEP-NEN, with an increasing trend in incidence, occurred most frequently in the pancreas. Nonfunctional tumors with nonspecific symptoms comprised the majority of cases. The main treatment was surgical resection. Histological grade was confirmed as the only independent prognostic factor.

Functional modules analysis based on coexpression network in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common epithelial, exocrine pancreatic malignancy, accounting for more than 80 % of the malignant neoplasms of the pancreas. Although the molecular basis of pancreatic cancer is now better understood than ever before, there remains a long distance from being completely understood. In this study, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PDAC tissue compared with normal tissue and constructed a co-expression network by computing the pairwise correlation coefficient between the DEGs. We applied a statistical approach of MCODE to cluster genes in the coexpression network. Ten functional modules were identified in this network. Our results strongly suggest that dysregulations of immune response, homeostasis and cell adhesion may significantly contribute to the development and progression of PDAC. Results from this study will provide the groundwork for the understanding of PDAC. Future studies are needed to confirm some of the possible interactions suggested by this study.