Analysis of research status and trends on marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins: A bibliometric study based on web of science database and VOSviewer.

Marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins, potent bioactive compounds with wide-ranging presence in marine ecosystems, have surged in response to global climate change and human activities, prompting an urgent and imperative inquiry. This study conducts an in-depth review of contemporary research concerning these toxins, employing meticulous bibliometric analysis. Leveraging a dataset of 736 relevant literatures sourced from the Web of Science (spanning from 2000 to May 2023), our analysis delves comprehensively into the scientific discourse surrounding these toxic compounds. Employing tools such as VOSviewer, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and cluster analysis, our study yields nuanced insights into the intricate characteristics and trajectories of the field. The co-citation analysis underscores the pivotal role played by benthic and epiphytic dinoflagellates like Ostreopsis and Gambierdiscus in shaping prevailing research trends. Our study identifies four distinct research directions, encompassing the domains of ecology, toxicology, toxin production, and taxonomy. Moreover, it traces the evolutionary journey of research stages, marking the transition from a focus on taxonomy to an emphasis on unraveling molecular mechanisms. The culmination of our comprehensive analysis yields three pertinent research recommendations: a call for widescale global studies, the advancement of rapid toxin monitoring techniques, and a deeper exploration of the factors influencing toxin synthesis and toxicity. These findings provide invaluable insights to researchers grappling with the complex realm of harmful algal blooms and substantially enrich the understanding of this pivotal and pressing field.

Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors combined with clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis.

Our objective was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors combined with clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and to provide an evidence basis for clinical treatment decision-making. The database EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and CNKI records from establishment of each database until August 2020 were included. Articles were evaluated for quality. Meta-analysis of selected articles was conducted by RevMan5.3 software. Three RCTs and 4 cohort studies were included, with a total of 9932 patients. Four studies reported gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding events, 3 of which were RCT studies. Overall, there was a significantly lower risk of GI bleeding events in the PPI group compared to the no PPI group [OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.89 to 4.95] (P < 0.00001). In 3 RCT studies, there was also a significantly lower risk of GI bleeding events in the PPI group compared to the no PPI group [OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.80 to 5.21] (P < 0.0001). Seven studies including 3 RCTs and 4 cohort studies reported MACE. Overall, there was no significant difference in MACE events between PPI group and no PPI group [OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.21] (P = 0.50). Both in RCT and cohort studies subgroups, there also was no significant difference in MACE events between the PPI group and the no PPI group [OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.53] (P = 0.32), [OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.19] (P = 0.84), respectively. For PCI patients taking clopidogrel and PPI therapy, PPI reduced the risk of GI bleeding while having no impact on MACE.

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of fifteen NtabSPL genes in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Qinyan95.

Fifteen SPL (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE) genes were identified and characterized in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Qinyan95. The exon-intron structures of these genes were determined according to the coding sequences confirmed by RT-PCR and the genomic DNA sequences downloaded from the databases in Sol Genomics Network, and thirteen of them were found to carry the response element of miR156. To elucidate the origin of the validated NtabSPL genes, multiple alignments of the nucleotide sequences encompassing the open reading frames were conducted by using the orthologs in N. tabacum, Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, and Nicotiana otophora. The results showed that six NtabSPL genes were derived from a progenitor of N. sylvestris, and nine NtabSPL genes were derived from a progenitor of N. tomentosiformis, further corroborating that N. tabacum came from the interspecific hybridization between the ancestors of N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis. In contrast to previous statements about highly repetitive sequences, the genome of N. tabacum mainly retained the paternal-derived SPL genes in diploidization process. Phylogenetic analyses based on the highly conserved SBP (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN) domains and the full-length amino acid sequences reveal that the SPL proteins of tobacco, tomato, and Arabidopsis can be categorized into eight groups. It is worth noting that N. tabacum contains seven NtabSPL6 genes originated from two parental genomes and NtabSPL6-2 possesses a GC-AG intron. In addition, transgenic tobacco plants harboring Arabidopsis Pri-miR156A were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method, and the constitutive expression of miR156 could obviously inhibit the activity of the NtabSPL genes containing its target site, suggesting the function of miR156 is conservative in tobacco and Arabidopsis.

Plasmalemma localisation of DOUBLE HYBRID PROLINE-RICH PROTEIN 1 and its function in systemic acquired resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana.

The protein encoded by AtDHyPRP1 (DOUBLE HYBRID PROLINE-RICH PROTEIN 1) contains two tandem PRD-8CMs (proline-rich domain-eight cysteine motif) and represents a new type of HyPRPs (hybrid proline-rich proteins). Confocal microscopy to transgenic Arabidopsis plants revealed that AtDHyPRP1-GFP was localised to plasmalemma, especially plasmodesmata. AtDHyPRP1 mainly expressed in leaf tissues and could be induced by salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 harbouring avrRPM1 (Pst avrRPM1), suggesting it is involved in defence response of Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.). After treatments with bacterial suspension of virulent Pst DC3000 or conidial suspension of Botrytis cinerea, AtDHyPRP1 overexpressing lines exhibited enhanced resistance, whereas AtDHyPRP1 RNA interference lines became more susceptible to the pathogens with obvious chlorosis or necrosis phenotypes. In systemic acquired resistance (SAR) analyses, distal leaves were challenged with virulent Pst DC3000 after inoculation of the primary leaves with avirulent Pst avrRPM1 (AV) or MgSO4 (MV). Compared with MV, the infection symptoms in systemic leaves of wild-type plants and AtDHyPRP1 overexpressing lines were significantly alleviated in AV treatment, whereas the systemic leaves of AtDHyPRP1 RNAi lines were vulnerable to Pst DC3000, indicating AtDHyPRP1 was functionally associated with SAR.