RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify thoroughbred industry stakeholders' views on the yearling sales endoscopy in Australia. DESIGN: Semi-structured qualitative group interviews with equine veterinarians, thoroughbred breeders and yearling purchasers. METHODS: Twenty-nine experienced thoroughbred industry stakeholders participated in online focus groups: (1) equine veterinarians involved in yearling endoscopy; (2) thoroughbred breeders; and (3) yearling buyers. The focus groups were audio and video recorded and digital whiteboards were available. Data was transcribed, live-coded and analysed thematically. RESULTS: The main themes identified included the uncertainty surrounding the relationship between yearling laryngeal function and future performance, especially the significance of yearlings with grade 3 out of 5 laryngeal function; interobserver variability in the laryngeal function grade assigned by veterinarians to the same endoscopic exam; and the presence of intra-horse variability in laryngeal function over different time points. DISCUSSION: Stakeholders raised multiple concerns about the current yearling sales endoscopy process in Australia. Recommendations to address these concerns include further investigation into the race performance of yearlings identified with grade 3 laryngeal function; training of veterinarians to reduce inter-observer variability; and the need to determine the most appropriate grading system to use in yearlings. Future research should evaluate the significance of intra-horse variability in a yearling population.
Asunto(s)
Veterinarios , Animales , Caballos , Australia , Veterinarios/psicología , Veterinarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Endoscopía/veterinaria , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Laringe , ComercioRESUMEN
A free-running diode laser has been used to examine the spectrum of 127I(2) near 675 nm using wavelength modulation spectroscopy. Twelve transitions have been observed in the region between 14818.0 and 14819.3 cm(-1), all of which are accounted for by previously published constants. Changes in quadrupole coupling constants, DeltaeQq, have been determined for all lines. Pressure broadening and shift coefficients have been determined for two unblended lines for broadening by air, argon, and water vapor.
Asunto(s)
Yodo/química , Rayos Láser , EspectrofotometríaRESUMEN
The tensile bond strengths of composites to enamel etched with various concentrations of phosphoric acid have been shown to correlate closely with the phase diagram for the system Ca(OH)2/H3PO4/H2O. Bond strengths were independent of the adhesive used and were a maximum when using approximately 20% phosphoric acid as etchant. High bond strengths were obtained with 2% phosphoric acid etchant without 'tag' formation, after short term water immersion. Washing the enamel for 60 s instead of 15 s after etching significantly increased the bond strengths obtained with 16 and 30% acid but not with 2%. Etching enamel with phosphoric acid results in deposition of calcium phosphates, which must be removed to give optimal bonding.