Malnutrition-inflammation syndrome is associated with endothelial dysfunction in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Endothelial dysfunction with atherosclerosis is a recognized complication of uremic patients. The hypoalbuminemia of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients can induce a hypercoagulable and atherogenic state. In this study, we investigated the role played by malnutrition-inflammation syndrome on endothelial function markers in PD patients. We measured markers of nutrition [normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), albumin, prealbumin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), transferrin, and cholesterol], markers of endothelial damage and function [tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), thrombomodulin (TM), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and NO3 (representing NO)], markers of a coagulable state [fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)], markers of inflammation [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and C-reactive protein (CRP)], and other endothelial injury factors [lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and homocysteine]. We also performed an endothelial stimulation test consisting of right-arm venous occlusion (VO) for 10 minutes. The patients were divided into four groups according to their clinical atherosclerotic score (CAS). We studied 45 clinically stable PD patients. At baseline, statistically significant negative linear correlations were found between albumin and age (r = -0.54, p < 0.05), albumin and vWF post-VO (r = -0.54, p < 0.05), and albumin and TM (r = -0.36, p < 0.05), which are endothelial damage markers and prothrombotic factors. A positive linear correlation was seen between albumin and NO3 post-VO (r = 0.48, p < 0.05), indicating a high vasodilatation capacity. C-Reactive protein and TNF alpha showed a positive linear correlation (r = 0.5, p < 0.01). Similarly, TNF alpha showed a positive linear correlation with cardiovascular risk markers such as fibrinogen (r = 0.79, p < 0.01), PAI-1 (r = 0.44, p < 0.05), and homocysteine (r = 0.37, p < 0.05). Creatinine clearance showed a negative linear correlation with TM (r = -0.36, p < 0.05). Patients with albumin < 4 g/dL showed a lower tPA ratio, lower NO3, and a higher CRP, TNF alpha, and Lp(a) than did patients with albumin > 4 g/dL [tPA ratio: 2.1 +/- 1.56 (n = 29) vs. 2.6 +/- 2.3 (n = 16), p < 0.05; NO3: 47 +/- 27 micrograms/mL vs. 69 +/- 33 micrograms/mL, p < 0.05; CRP: 1.8 +/- 3 mg/dL vs. 1.1 +/- 1.6 mg/dL, p < 0.05; TNF alpha: 44.4 +/- 16 pg/mL vs. 36.6 +/- 21.4 pg/mL, p < 0.05; Lp(a): 55 +/- 39 mg/dL vs. 33 +/- 21 mg/dL, p < 0.05]. Patients with a worse CAS showed higher homocysteine levels and lower albumin values. Those relationships were maintained in both periods of the study. We found no relationships between dialysis dose and endothelial function markers. In conclusion, malnutrition-inflammation syndrome may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and, consequently, to prothrombotic and proatherogenic processes in PD patients.

Concentraciones elevadas de homocisteína en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico / Increased homocysteine levels in polycystic ovary syndrome

Fundamento y objetivo: En las mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es frecuente que haya factores de riesgo que predispongan a tener enfermedad cardiovascular. Se sabe que la hiperhomocisteinemia es un factor de riesgo independiente para esta enfermedad. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido conocer si las mujeres jóvenes con SOP presentan concentraciones elevadas de homocisteína, y su posible relación con las de folato y vitamina B12. Pacientes y método: Se seleccionó a 39 mujeres con SOP, con una edad media (desviación estándar [DE]) de 28,9 (5,8) años, y 39 mujeres sanas de edad similar, y en todas ellas se evaluaron: tabaquismo, ciclos menstruales, grado de hirsutismo, índice de masa corporal, presencia de síndrome metabólico y concentraciones de homocisteína, lípidos, glucosa, creatinina, folato, vitamina B12, folitropina (FSH), lutropina (LH) y androstendiona. Resultados: Los ciclos menstruales, el grado de hirsutismo, los valores de androstendiona y LH y la relación LH/FSH eran más elevados, como se esperaba, en las pacientes con SOP. Además, las pacientes presentaban valores más elevados de homocisteína (media [DE] de 9,1 [2,1] frente a 6,4 [1,8] mmol/l; p 110 mg/dl) (el 23 frente al 2,5%; p = 0,01) y unos valores más bajos de folato (media [DE] de 7,6 [3,7] frente a 10,2 [3,6] ng/ml; p = 0,02). En una regresión lineal múltiple, se comprobó una asociación negativa entre las concentraciones de homocisteína y las de folato (r2 = 0,05; p = 0,02). Conclusiones: La homocisteinemia es más elevada en las mujeres con SOP y se asocia negativamente a las concentraciones de folato

Background and objective: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit frequently risk factors that predispose to cardiovascular disease. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for this disease. The aim of this study was to know whether young women with PCOS have increased homocysteine levels. We also analyzed their possible relation with folate and vitamin B12 levels. Patients and method: Thirty nine patients with PCOS were studied; (age: mean [standard deviation] 28.9 [5.8] years), and 39 healthy women similar in age. We evaluated in all of them: smoking, menstrual cycles, hirsutism, body mass index, metabolic syndrome and levels of homocysteine, lipids, glucose, creatinine, folate, vitamin B12, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and androstendione. Results: Menstrual cycles, hirsutism, androstendione, LH levels and LH/FSH were higher, as we expected, in patients with PCOS. Moreover, patients had increased homocysteine (9.1 [2.1] vs 6.4 [1.8] mmol/L; p 110 mg/dl) (23% vs 2.5%; p =.01) and lower folate levels (7.6 [3.7] vs 10.2 [3.6] ng/ml; p = 0.02). A multiple linear regression showed a negative association between homocysteine and folate levels (r2 = 0.05; p =.02). Conclusions: Homocysteinemia is increased in women with PCOS, and it is negatively associated with folate levels