Four vertex technique for correcting urethral prolapse: technique description and cohort study.

Introduction/Objectives: This study aims to describe the procedure and effectiveness of the four-vertex technique for correcting urethral prolapse in women. Methods and Materials: includes a retrospective case series of 17 patients who underwent surgery for urethral prolapse. Two study groups were distinguished based on the presence or absence of pelvic heaviness symptoms. The variables were analyzed, including age, BMI, concomitant diseases, obstetric and gynecological history, time from diagnosis to surgery, and outcomes of treatment. Results: All patients were postmenopausal, with a mean age at the time of the intervention of 70.41 years, with no differences between groups. Mean BMI was 23.67 kg/m2, higher in the group with a sensation of vaginal heaviness (p = 0.027). Mean time elapsed between diagnosis and operation was 231.58 days, with no differences between groups. Mean childbirth count was 2.29. The most frequent causes for consultation were urethrorrhagia (33.33%) and a bulging sensation (33.33%). After the intervention, 14 patients (82.35%) were asymptomatic, two (11.76%) had dysuria, and one (5.88%) had urinary urgency. Ten patients had pre-surgical urinary incontinence, which was resolved in nine patients. 17.46% subsequently presented pelvic organ prolapse. In three women there was secondary impairment of sexual activity. Conclusion: The four-vertex technique was effective in resolving symptoms in most patients. However, some patients experienced dysuria, urinary urgency, and pelvic organ prolapse after surgery. Urinary incontinence improved in most patients, but a few required additional treatments with suburethral tape. The study also identified associations between variables and the presence of cystocele, consultation for a bulging sensation, and bleeding from urethral prolapse. Overall, this study sheds light on the challenges and outcomes of surgical treatment for urethral prolapse and provides valuable insights for future research in this area.

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a patient with double inferior vena cava.

BACKGROUND: Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare tumor arising from its smooth muscle cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report the case of a 38-year-old woman presenting with back pain and weight loss who was diagnosed with a 22-cm leiomyosarcoma of the right IVC and thrombosis of the left IVC. The patient is alive and free of recurrence a year after radical tumor resection with removal of the affected IVC, reconstruction with polytetrafluoroethylene prosthetic graft, and anastomosis of both right and left IVC. CONCLUSIONS: Leiomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive tumor with a deceitful course. Radical surgical en bloc resection is the mainstay of treatment for IVC leiomyosarcomas. For an adequate restoration of venous return, complex vascular repair may be necessary.

Eosinophilic ureteritis. Report of a case.

OBJECTIVE: We present the case of a patient with eosinophilic ureteritis. METHODS: The patient was admitted with pain on the right renal fossa, and after several imaging tests, a mass was found on the right ureter, compatible with urothelial neoplasia on the right ureter. RESULTS: Right nephroureterectomy was performed and the histopathological diagnosis was eosinophilic ureteritis CONCLUSION: Eosinophilic ureteritis is a rare entity with an unclear etiology,which is not easily distinguished from urothelial tumours. In the differential diagnosis we must take it into account whenever we find a ureteral mass associated to eosinophilia.

Spontaneous resolution of ureterovaginal fistula.

OBJECTIVE: We report one case of a spontaneous resolution of a uretero-vaginal fistula, and we review the current diagnostic and therapeutic features of this condition in the literature. METHODS: We present the case of a 41-year-old woman who, during the late postoperative period of a radical hysterectomy, presented episodes of daily and nocturnal incontinence with episodic flank pain compatible with uretero-vaginal fistula. RESULTS: One month after diagnosis the patient does not report incontinence during day or night, and the lumbar pain has disappeared. An intravenous urography shows that there has been a spontaneous resolution of the uretero-vaginal fistula. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous resolution of a uretero-vaginal fistula is rare. Most fistulas require endourological or surgical treatment.

[Active surveillance for patients with localized prostate cáncer. Adherence and protocol drop analysis.] / La vigilancia activa en pacientes con cáncer de próstata localizado. Análisis de adherencia y salida del protocolo.

OBJECTIVE: VA is currently considered the treatment of choice for patients with low and very low risk prostate cancer. We analyzed the evolution of this treatment strategy in our series and adherence to the protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ambispective study of patients in VA in our center between 2014- 2019. 237 meet inclusion criteria, of which 142 (60%) have a minimum of 12 months of follow- up. Mean age: 68.5 (4678), median PSA 6.37 ng / ml (1-33). 229 (96.6%) are ISUP 1 and 8 (3.4%) ISUP 2. Objectives are proposed to assess our adherence to the protocol. Descriptive statistics are used to communicate the results. RESULTS: According to the classification by risk groups of the NCCN, 145 (61.2%), 49 (20.7%) and 42 (17.7%) were very low risk, low risk and favorable intermediate risk patients, respectively. The median of follow-up is 14 months (0-66). Of the patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, 107 (75.4%) were re-biopsied. 80 (33.8%) leave the protocol in these 5 years, 31.3% (25) by their own decision, 55% (44) due to medical criteria, and 11.3% (9) go to WW. After 5 years of follow-up, 99.2% of patients are still alive, 0.8% died of specific non-cancer causes. Of the objectives to assess adherence, 8 are achieved, 1 partially and 1 is not evaluable. CONCLUSIONS: VA in our center is already the treatment of choice for very low-risk patients, with a constant increase from year to year. Adherence to the protocol has been favorable during the period of time studied.

OBJETIVO: La VA se ha convertido en uno de los tratamientos de elección del CP localizado de bajo y muy bajo riesgo. Analizamos la evolución de esta estrategia de tratamiento en nuestra serie, así como la adherencia al protocolo.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio ambispectivo de los pacientes incluidos en VA en nuestro centro entre los años 2014-2019. 237 pacientes cumplen los criterios de inclusión en VA, de los cuales 142 (60%) tienen un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Edad media: 68,5(46-78), mediana PSA 6,37 ng/ml (1-33). 229 pacientes (96,6%) son ISUP 1 y 8 (3,4%) ISUP 2. Se proponen unos objetivos para valorar nuestra adherencia al protocolo. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva y contraste de hipótesis para comunicar los resultados.RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Atendiendo a la clasificación por grupos de riesgo de la NCCN, 145 (61,2%), 49 (20,7%) y 42 (17,7%) eran pacientes muy bajo riesgo, bajo riesgo y riesgo intermedio favorable respectivamente. El tiempo (mediana) de permanencia en el programa es de 14 meses (0-66). De los pacientes con un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses, 107 (75,4%) son re ­ biopsiados. 80 pacientes (33,8%) salen del protocolo en estos 5 años, 31,3% (25) por decisión propia, 55% (44) por criterios médicos, y 11,3% (9) pasan a WW. Tras 5 años de seguimiento, el 99,2% de los pacientes continúan vivos, el 0,8% falleció por causas no cáncer específicas. De los objetivos para evaluar la adherencia, 8 de ellos se alcanzan, 1 parcialmente y 1 no es evaluable. CONCLUSIONES: La VA en nuestro centro constituye actualmente el tratamiento de elección para los pacientes con muy bajo riesgo. La adherencia al protocolo ha sido favorable durante el periodo de tiempo estudiado.

[Voiding syndrome of gynaecological origin: the importance of good physical examination]. / Síndrome miccional de origen ginecológico: La importancia de una Buena exploración física.

OBJECTIVES: Urologists daily evaluate many women with voiding disturbances, but proper physical examination has only rarely been previously performed. CASE DESCRIPTION: Case 1: 16-year-old woman presenting augmented daytime urinary frequency and nocturia without enuresis, with drop-by-drop micturition. Case 2: 80-year-old woman with urgency. She referred normal voiding with insensitive urinary loss the hour after. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: adhesion of the labia minora. TREATMENT: Surgical section of the adhered area in the midline was performed with satisfactory aesthetic and clinical results. CONCLUSIONS: The adhesion of the labia minora is an acquired disease, more frequent in girls under 2 years. Several predisposing factors have been proposed: oestrogen deprivation, inadequate personal care, local irritants, infections or previous trauma. Differential diagnosis is required among three congenital pathologies: vaginal agenesis, imperforated hymen and ambiguous genitalia. Cases in postpubertal or postmenopausal women, or refractory to medical treatment are considered for surgery.

La vigilancia activa en pacientes con cáncer de próstata localizado. Análisis de adherencia y salida del protocolo / Active surveillance in patients with localized prostate cancer. Analysis of adherence and exit from the protocol

Objetive: VA is currently considered the treatment of choice for patients with low and very low risk prostate cancer. We analyzed the evolution of this treatment strategy in our series and adherence to the protocol. Material and methods: Ambispective study of patients in VA in our center between 2014- 2019. 237 meet inclusion criteria, of which 142 (60%) have a minimum of 12 months of follow- up. Mean age: 68.5 (46-78), median PSA 6.37 ng / ml (1-33). 229 (96.6%) are ISUP 1 and 8 (3.4%) ISUP 2. Objectives are pro- posed to assess our adherence to the protocol. Descriptive statistics are used to communicate the results. Results: According to the classification by risk groups of the NCCN, 145 (61.2%), 49 (20.7%) and 42 (17.7%) were very low risk, low risk and favorable intermedi- ate risk patients, respectively. The median of follow-up is 14 months (0-66). Of the patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, 107 (75.4%) were re-biopsied. 80 (33.8%) leave the protocol in these 5 years, 31.3% (25) by their own decision, 55% (44) due to medical criteria, and 11.3% (9) go to WW. After 5 years of follow-up, 99.2% of patients are still alive, 0.8% died of specific non-cancer causes. Of the objectives to assess adherence, 8 are achieved, 1 partially and 1 is not evaluable. Conclusions: VA in our center is already the treatment of choice for very low-risk patients, with a constant increase from year to year. Adherence to the protocol has been favorable during the period of time studied.(AU)

[Horseshoe kidney rupture]. / Rotura de riñón en herradura.

BACKGROUND: We report a rare case of horses-hoe kidney trauma. METHODS: 67 years old man with a horseshoe kidney, which presented a fracture of the isthmus after falling. RESULTS: The diagnosis was made by IV contrast CT scan. He underwent exploratory laparotomy due to hemodynamic instability and radiologic findings on the CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: The rupture of a horseshoe kidney is a rare injury. CT scan is the test of choice to classify the degree of injury. Depending on the patient's hemodynamic stability and the findings on the CT scan the options are conservative orimmediate surgical treatment.

Síndrome miccional de origen ginecológico: la importancia de una buena exploración física / Voiding syndrome of gynaecological origin: the importance of good physical examination

OBJETIVOS: A diario acuden a la consulta pacientes remitidas por alteraciones miccionales, pero en pocas ocasiones han sido exploradas ni se les ha realizado una anamnesis adecuada previa. Descripción de los casos: Caso nº 1: Mujer de 16 años remitida por polaquiuria diurna y nocturna sin enuresis, con micción a gotas. Caso nº 2: Mujer de 80 años remitida por urgencia miccional. Micciones normales con incontinencia urinaria insensible durante la hora siguiente. No escapes urinarios relacionados con la urgencia. Exploración física: fusión de los labios menores de la vulva. Tratamiento: Sección quirúrgica en la línea media el área fusionada. Resultados clínicos y estéticos satisfactorios. CONCLUSIONES: La fusión de labios de la vulva es una enfermedad adquirida más frecuente en niñas menores de dos años de edad. Se postulan diversos factores favorecedores: deprivación estrogénica, higiene inadecuada, irritantes locales, infección o traumatismo previos. Debemos establecer el diagnóstico diferencial con tres patologías congénitas: agenesia vaginal, himen imperforado, y ambigüedad genital. En casos refractarios al tratamiento médico o en mujeres jóvenes y postmenopáusicas, se recomienda cirugía

OBJECTIVES: Urologists daily evaluate many women with voiding disturbances, but proper physical examination has only rarely been previously performed. Case description: Case 1: 16-year-old woman presenting augmented daytime urinary frequency and nocturia without enuresis, with dropby-drop micturition. Case 2: 80-year-old woman with urgency. She referred normal voiding with insensitive urinary loss the hour after. Physical examination: adhesion of the labia minora. Treatment: Surgical section of the adhered area in the midline was performed with satisfactory aesthetic and clinical results. CONCLUSION: The adhesion of the labia minora is an acquired disease, more frequent in girls under 2 years. Several predisposing factors have been proposed: oestrogen deprivation, inadequate personal care, local irritants, infections or previous trauma. Differential diagnosis is required among three congenital pathologies: vaginal agenesis, imperforated hymen and ambiguous genitalia. Cases in postpubertal or postmenopausal women, or refractory to medical treatment are considered for surgery

Ureteritis eosinofílica. A propósito de un caso / Eosinophilic ureteritis. Report of a case

OBJETIVO: Presentamos el caso de una paciente con Ureteritis eosinofílica. MÉTODO: Paciente en estudio por dolor en fosa renal derecha al que se le realizan múltiples pruebas de imagen donde se identifica masa en uréter derecho compatible con neoplasia urotelial de uréter derecho. RESULTADOS: Se realiza Nefroureterectomia derecha y se diagnostica histopatológicamente de Ureteritis eosinofílica. CONCLUSIÓN: La ureteritis eosinofílica es una rara entidad de difícil distinción frente a los tumores uroteliales, de no clara etiología. Deberemos tenerla en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial cuando encontremos una masa ureteral asociada a eosinofilia (AU)

OBJECTIVE: We present the case of a patient with eosinophilic ureteritis. METHODS: The patient was admitted with pain on the right renal fossa, and after several imaging tests, a mass was found on the right ureter, compatible with urothelial neoplasia on the right ureter. RESULTS: Right nephroureterectomy was performed and the histopathologicaldiagnosis was eosinophilic ureteritis. CONCLUSION: Eosinophilic ureteritis is a rare entity with an unclear etiology, which is not easily distinguished from urothelial tumours. In the differential diagnosis we must take it into accountwhenever we find a ureteral mass associated to eosinophilia (AU)

Resolución espontánea de fístula uretero-vaginal / Spontaneous resolution of ureterovaginal fistula

OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de corrección espontánea de fístula urétero-vaginal y revisar aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de la literatura actual.MÉTODO: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 41 años que en el postoperatorio tardío de una histerectomía radical inicia un cuadro de episodios de incontinencia diurna y nocturna leves con dolor episódico en el flanco derecho compatibles con fístula urétero-vaginal. RESULTADOS: Pasado un més del diagnóstico la paciente no refiere incontinencia diurna ni nocturna y el dolor lumbar ha desaparecido. Se comprueba mediante urografía intravenosa corrección espontánea de la fístula urétero-vaginal.CONCLUSIONES: La resolución espontánea de la fístula urétero-vaginal es infrecuente. La mayoría de las fístulas requieren tratamiento endourológico o quirúrgico(AU)

OBJECTIVE: We report one case of a spontaneous resolution of a uretero-vaginal fistula, and we review the current diagnostic and therapeutic features of this condition in the literature.METHODS: We present the case of a 41-year-old woman who, during the late postoperative period of a radical hysterectomy, presented episodes of daily and nocturnal incontinence with episodic flank pain compatible with uretero-vaginal fistula.RESULTS: One month after diagnosis the patient does not report incontinence during day or night, and the lumbar pain has disappeared. An intravenous urography shows that there has been a spontaneous resolution of the uretero-vaginal fistula.CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous resolution of a uretero-vaginal fistula is rare. Most fistulas require endourological or surgical treatment(AU)