Electronic cigarette use and cigarette smoking associated with inadequate sleep duration among U.S. young adults.

OBJECTIVE: Nicotine use can influence inadequate sleep, but less is known about the associations of exclusive and dual use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) with combustible cigarettes in U.S. young adults. This study assessed the associations between current exclusive e-cigarette use, exclusive cigarette smoking, and dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use and inadequate sleep duration among U.S. young adults. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data including 13,978 U.S. young adults ages 18-24 years. Inadequate sleep duration was assessed categorically using the National Sleep Foundation's age-specific recommendations that define <7 h as inadequate sleep. Weighted logistic regression models were performed while adjusting for participants' sex, race/ethnicity, education level, annual household income level, body mass index, current physical activity, mental health status, disability status, current alcohol use, and current smokeless tobacco use. RESULTS: Concerning use patterns, 11.8% of young adults were exclusive e-cigarette users, 4.7% were exclusive cigarette smokers, and 3.8% were dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette users. Exclusive e-cigarette users (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-1.72), exclusive cigarette smokers (AOR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.22-2.18), and dual product users (AOR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.44-2.86) were at increased odds of having inadequate sleep duration compared to non-users, while adjusting for the covariates. Additionally, dual product users were at increased odds (AOR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.06-2.19) of reporting inadequate sleep duration compared to exclusive e-cigarette users, while adjusting for the covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Current e-cigarette and cigarette use may influence inadequate sleep among U.S. young adults. Tobacco cessation efforts may encourage increased sleep health.

Stellate Hypopigmentation in a Pediatric Patient After Treatment with Intralesionally-Injected Corticosteroid.

BACKGROUND Several factors contribute to keloids in post-operative patients, including skin mechanics, genetics, and inflammatory processes. One of the most widely used treatment modalities for keloidal scars involves the intralesional injection of corticosteroids, such as triamcinolone acetonide (TAC). TAC is a first-line treatment option for keloids due to its proven efficacy and effectiveness in reducing collagen synthesis, glycosaminoglycan synthesis, inflammatory processes, and proliferation of fibroblasts. Some common adverse effects of intralesional corticosteroid injection include localized hypopigmentation, depigmentation, skin atrophy, and lipoatrophy. CASE REPORT In this report, we describe the case of a 3-year-old African American male patient who presented for dermatologic evaluation of a diffused stellate hypopigmentation attributed to intralesional corticosteroid injection following a keloid removal. Specifically, we summarize this case's clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The case illustrates self-limiting hypopigmentation that repigmented successfully without clinical intervention. Although previous reports of corticosteroid injections' adverse effects resulting in hypopigmentation have been published, this condition is uncommon or poorly reported in pediatric patients. This report aims to contribute to our understanding of the effects of administering corticosteroids in pediatric patients by virtue of diversifying the cases reported in the currently available literature.