Using 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET for Postoperative Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy Planning in Patients With Meningioma: A Case Series.

BACKGROUND: For patients with either an incompletely resected meningioma or recurrence after surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery is frequently used. MRI is typically used for stereotactic radiosurgery targeting, but differentiating tumor growth from postoperative change can be challenging. 68 Ga-DOTATATE, a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer targeting the somatostatin receptor type 2, has been shown to be a reliable meningioma biomarker. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of 68 Ga-DOTATATE on treatment planning in patients who had previously undergone meningioma resection. METHODS: We present a consecutive case series of 12 patients with pathology-proven meningioma who received a 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET between April 2019 and April 2021. Treatment planning was performed first using MRI. DOTATATE-PET images were then used to assess accurate tumor identification. RESULTS: Ten patients had WHO Grade 2 meningioma, and 2 patients had Grade 1 tumor. Eight patients had recurrent meningiomas, and 4 patients had newly diagnosed disease. Overall, 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET scans altered previously formulated treatment plans in 5 of 12 patients. In addition, 9 of 12 patients had disease foci not appreciated on MRI. CONCLUSION: In this series, incorporating 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET imaging had clinical utility for most patients in whom it was used. It proved particularly adept in demonstrating intraosseous meningiomas, differentiating recurrence from postoperative changes, and identifying subcentimeter disease foci. It is an imaging modality that our center will continue to use as a means of improving postoperative treatment plans after the surgical resection of meningiomas.

A common neural signature of brain injury in concussion and subconcussion.

The midbrain is biomechanically susceptible to force loading from repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI), is a site of tauopathy in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and regulates functions (e.g., eye movements) often disrupted in concussion. In a prospective longitudinal design, we demonstrate there are reductions in midbrain white matter integrity due to a single season of collegiate football, and that the amount of reduction in midbrain white matter integrity is related to the amount of rotational acceleration to which players' brains are exposed. We then replicate the observation of reduced midbrain white matter integrity in a retrospective cohort of individuals with frank concussion, and further show that variance in white matter integrity is correlated with levels of serum-based tau, a marker of blood-brain barrier disruption. These findings mean that noninvasive structural MRI of the midbrain is a succinct index of both clinically silent white matter injury as well as frank concussion.

Intracranial salivary gland choristoma within optic nerve dural sheath: case report and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Salivary gland choristomas or their neoplastic derivatives may appear throughout the intracranial space, most frequently in the middle ear or sella. Here, we present the case of a salivary gland choristoma embedded within the optic nerve dural sheath and review the literature of intracranial salivary gland masses. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old female patient presented with headache and visual complaints. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a prechiasmatic suprasellar cystic lesion. Operatively, the mass appeared as a cyst filled with mucinous fluid associated with abnormal tissue embedded within the optic nerve. RESULTS: We deflated and biopsied the cyst, which revealed normal-appearing salivary tissue. The patient remains asymptomatic without radiographic evidence of cyst recurrence 2 years postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Intracranial salivary tissue has been previously described but never before in the suprasellar space. Although rare, knowledge of their natural history and pathologic features may inform surgical management if they are encountered in the operating room.

White matter changes linked to visual recovery after nerve decompression.

The relationship between the integrity of white matter tracts and cortical function in the human brain remains poorly understood. We investigate reversible white matter injury, in this case patients with compression of the optic chiasm by pituitary gland tumors, to study the structural and functional changes that attend spontaneous recovery of cortical function and visual abilities after surgical removal of the tumor and subsequent decompression of the nerves. We show that compression of the optic chiasm led to demyelination of the optic tracts, which reversed as quickly as 4 weeks after nerve decompression. Furthermore, variability across patients in the severity of demyelination in the optic tracts predicted visual ability and functional activity in early cortical visual areas. Preoperative measurements of myelination in the optic tracts predicted the magnitude of visual recovery after surgery. These data indicate that rapid regeneration of myelin in the human brain is a component of the normalization of cortical activity, and ultimately the recovery of sensory and cognitive function, after nerve decompression. More generally, our findings demonstrate the use of diffusion tensor imaging as an in vivo measure of myelination in the human brain.

Positron emission tomography-computed tomography coregistration for diagnosis and intraoperative localization in recurrent nelson syndrome.

Recurrent pituitary disease presents unique challenges, including in some cases difficulty localizing a tumor radiographically. Here, we present the case of a patient with recurrent Nelson syndrome whose radiographic work-up was complicated by a significant parasellar metallic artifact. Positron emission tomography ultimately localized the lesion, and coregistration with computed tomography allowed for accurate intraoperative navigation. Additionally, we review a range of imaging techniques available in the evaluation of pituitary disease.