Measurement of endometrial thickness in premenopausal women in office gynecology.

Purpose: To define the median endometrial thickness (ET) in office gynecology is thought to be important for clinical practice. However, there are few reports about ET that have included the general female population on a large scale. The median ET was determined prospectively in premenopausal women who attended office gynecology for cervical cancer screening. Methods: In total, 849 women were enrolled. The median ET was determined by using transvaginal ultrasound and the relationships between the ET and various clinical factors were analyzed. Results: The participants' median age was 38.5 years. The median ET was 8.6 mm (90% and 95% quantiles: 13.8 and 15.8 mm). The ET was not related to their age, symptoms, obstetric history, geographical location, or risk factors for endometrial cancer. In the women with a menstrual cycle length of 28-30 days, the ET was 7 mm on days 1-6, but it increased from 5.4 mm immediately after menstruation (day 7 or 8) to 9.2 mm on days 13-14. Subsequently, the ET increased further to 11.1 mm on day 18. Conclusion: In all the women, the upper limit of the ET was 13.8 mm and 15.8 mm in the 90% and 95% quantile, respectively, in office gynecology.

Estrogen and urinary incontinence.

Hormone therapy (HT) has been one of the most commonly used methods to treat postmenopausal disorders including lower urinary tract symptoms such as urinary incontinence (UI). Although it has been suggested that HT improves urinary tract symptoms, little evidence has so far been presented to support this. Recently however, large randomized clinical trials have shown the adverse effects of estrogen on UI and indicate that HT should not be used for prevention or relief of UI in postmenopausal women. Here we review the effects of HT on UI in the light of these clinical trials.

Comparison of efficacy and safety between intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and saccharated ferric oxide in Japanese patients with iron-deficiency anemia due to hypermenorrhea: a multi-center, randomized, open-label noninferiority study.

The intravenous formulation for supplementing iron currently available in Japan requires frequent administration. In contrast, ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) can improve iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) with only a small number of administrations; however, its efficacy and safety have not been established in Japanese patients. In this randomized, open-label study, we verified the noninferiority of FCM to saccharated ferric oxide (SFO) in Japanese patients with IDA due to hypermenorrhea, with the mean change from baseline to the highest observed hemoglobin level as the primary endpoint. Two hundred and thirty-eight eligible subjects (119 in FCM group, 119 in SFO group) were administered the investigational medicinal product and included in the analysis. The adjusted mean change from baseline to the highest observed hemoglobin level (95% CI) was 3.90 g/dL (3.77, 4.04) in the FCM group and 4.05 g/dL (3.92, 4.19) in the SFO group, and the difference between the groups (95% CI) was - 0.15 g/dL (- 0.35, 0.04). The noninferiority of FCM was verified. Incidence of adverse events was < 60% in both groups, and no significant difference was observed between the treatment groups. These results indicate that FCM can be a new, well-tolerated, and rapid treatment option for Japanese patients with IDA.