Implementing Suicide Risk Screening in a Virtual Addiction Clinic.

The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of implementing suicide risk screening in a virtual addiction clinic. Suicide risk screening was implemented in a virtual addiction clinic serving individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) using a quality improvement framework. One-hundred percent (252/252) of eligible patients enrolled in the clinic were screened for suicide risk (44% female; M[SD] age = 45.0[11.0] years, range = 21-68 years). Nineteen patients (8%) screened positive for suicide risk. After screening, no patients required emergency suicide interventions (100% non-acute positive). Notably, 74% (14/19) of those who screened positive did so by endorsing at least one past suicide attempt with no recent ideation. Suicide risk screening in virtual addiction clinics yields important clinical information for high-risk SUD populations without overburdening workflow with emergency services. Given the high proportion of non-acute positive screens based on suicide attempt histories with no recent ideation, clinicians may utilize information on suicide attempt history to facilitate further mental healthcare.

Developing the Blueprint for Youth Suicide Prevention.

Suicide and suicidal behavior among youth and young adults are a major public health crisis, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and demonstrated by increases in suicidal ideation and attempts among youth. Supports are needed to identify youth at risk and intervene in safe and effective ways. To address this need, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, in collaboration with experts from the National Institute of Mental Health, developed the Blueprint for Youth Suicide Prevention ( Blueprint ) to translate research into strategies that are feasible, pragmatic, and actionable across all contexts in which youth live, learn, work, and play. In this piece, we describe the process of developing and disseminating the Blueprint. Through a summit and focus meetings, cross-sectoral partners convened to discuss the context of suicide risk among youth; explore the landscape of science, practice, and policy; build partnerships; and identify strategies for clinics, communities, and schools-all with a focus on health disparities and equity. These meetings resulted in 5 major takeaways: (1) suicide is often preventable; (2) health equity is critical to suicide prevention; (3) individual and systems changes are needed; (4) resilience should be a key focus; and (5) cross-sectoral partnerships are critical. These meetings and takeaways then informed the content of the Blueprint , which discusses the epidemiology of youth and young adult suicide and suicide risk, including health disparities; the importance of a public health framework; risk factors, protective factors, and warning signs; strategies for clinical settings, strategies for community and school settings; and policy priorities. Following the process description, lessons learned are also discussed, followed by a call to action for the public health community and all who serve and support youth. Finally, key steps to establishing and sustaining partnerships and implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Self-reported Symptoms of Anxiety Predict Positive Suicide Risk Screening in Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess whether patient-reported anxiety symptoms are associated with suicide risk in pediatric emergency department (ED) patients. An additional objective was to examine differences between patients presenting for medical/surgical or psychiatric complaints. METHODS: Pediatric patients aged 10 to 21 years were recruited from 3 pediatric EDs. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing for suicidal ideation and behavior, in addition to questions of interest about recent feelings of unbearable anxiety and depression. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to assess the relationship between endorsement of recent anxiety and screening positive for suicide risk. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 522 participants, including 344 presenting with medical/surgical chief complaints and 178 presenting with psychiatric complaints. Overall, 28.9% of participants screened positive for suicide risk, 29.9% endorsed recent feelings of anxiety, and 24.3% endorsed recent feelings of depression. Patients who self-reported recent anxiety symptoms were 5 times more likely to screen positive for suicide risk (adjusted odds ratios = 5.18, 95% confidence interval = 3.06-8.76). Analysis of the 344 medical/surgical patients revealed that this subsample was also 5 times more likely to screen positive for suicide risk if they endorsed recent anxiety (adjusted odds ratios = 4.87, 95% confidence interval = 2.09-11.36). CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported suicidal ideation and feelings of unbearable anxiety are prevalent among patients presenting to pediatric EDs. Patients who self-report recent feelings of unbearable anxiety are significantly more likely to screen positive for suicide risk, regardless of whether their presenting complaint is medical/surgical or psychiatric in nature.

Validation of the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions for Adult Medical Inpatients: A Brief Tool for All Ages.

BACKGROUND: Few brief suicide risk screening instruments are validated for use in both adult and pediatric medical populations. Using the pediatric Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) development study as a model, this study aimed to determine whether the ASQ is a valid suicide risk-screening instrument for use among adults medical patients, as well as to evaluate a set of other potential screening questions for use in adults. METHODS: Adult patients hospitalized on inpatient medical/surgical units from 4 hospitals were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional instrument-validation study. The 4-item ASQ and other candidate items were compared against the 25-item, previously validated Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire as the criterion standard. RESULTS: A total of 727 adult medical inpatients completed the screening process. Compared with the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, the ASQ performed best among the full set of candidate items, demonstrating strong psychometric properties, with a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval = 90%-100%), a specificity of 89% (95% confidence interval = 86%-91%), and a negative predictive value of 100% (95% confidence interval = 99%-100%). A total of 4.8% (35/727) of the participants screened positive for suicide risk based on the standard criterion Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The ASQ is a valid and brief suicide risk-screening tool for use among adults. Screening medical/surgical inpatients for suicide risk can be performed effectively for both adult and pediatric patients using this brief, primary screener.

Comparing Parent and Child Self-report Measures of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Children and Adolescents with a Chronic Health Condition.

Anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with a chronic health condition have been estimated as high as 40% lifetime prevalence. Clinicians often rely on parent/caregiver information to supplement or substitute child self-report related to pediatric physical and mental health. We developed a caregiver proxy version (STAI-P) for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) State Anxiety Scale that was compared with a child self-report version in 201 parent-child dyads to evaluate its utility in measuring state anxiety in chronically ill youth. For patients aged 7-12, self-reports of state anxiety were moderately associated with parent distress and health provider-reported functional status, but negatively associated with parent STAI-P scores. For patients aged 13-17, self-reports of state anxiety were significantly associated with STAI-P scores, parent distress, and health provider-reported functional status. The STAI-P parent version may be a useful tool in identifying and addressing anxiety symptoms in youth living with a chronic health condition.

Suicide Risk Screening in Pediatric Hospitals: Clinical Pathways to Address a Global Health Crisis.

BACKGROUND: Youth suicide is on the rise worldwide. Most suicide decedents received healthcare services in the year before killing themselves. Standardized workflows for suicide risk screening in pediatric hospitals using validated tools can help with timely and appropriate intervention, while attending to The Joint Commission Sentinel Event Alert 56. OBJECTIVE: Here we describe the first attempt to generate clinical pathways for patients presenting to pediatric emergency departments (EDs) and inpatient medical settings. METHODS: The workgroup reviewed available evidence and generated a series of steps to be taken to feasibly screen medical patients presenting to hospitals. When evidence was limited, expert consensus was used. A standardized, iterative approach was utilized to create clinical pathways. Stakeholders reviewed initial drafts. Feedback was incorporated into the final pathway. RESULTS: Clinical pathways were created for suicide risk screening in pediatric EDs and inpatient medical/surgical units. The pathway outlines a 3-tiered screening process utilizing the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions for initial screening, followed by a brief suicide safety assessment to determine if a full suicide risk assessment is warranted. This essential step helps conserve resources and decide upon appropriate interventions for each patient who screens positive. Detailed implementation guidelines along with scripts for provider training are included. CONCLUSION: Youth suicide is a significant public health problem. Clinical pathways can empower hospital systems by providing a guide for feasible and effective suicide risk-screening implementation by using validated tools to identify patients at risk and apply appropriate interventions for those who screen positive. Outcomes assessment is essential to inform future iterations.

Identification of At-Risk Youth by Suicide Screening in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

The pediatric emergency department (ED) is a critical location for the identification of children and adolescents at risk for suicide. Screening instruments that can be easily incorporated into clinical practice in EDs to identify and intervene with patients at increased suicide risk is a promising suicide prevention strategy and patient safety objective. This study is a retrospective review of the implementation of a brief suicide screen for pediatric psychiatric ED patients as standard of care. The Ask Suicide Screening Questions (ASQ) was implemented in an urban pediatric ED for patients with psychiatric presenting complaints. Nursing compliance rates, identification of at-risk patients, and sensitivity for repeated ED visits were evaluated using medical records from 970 patients. The ASQ was implemented with a compliance rate of 79 %. Fifty-three percent of the patients who screened positive (237/448) did not present to the ED with suicide-related complaints. These identified patients were more likely to be male, African American, and have externalizing behavior diagnoses. The ASQ demonstrated a sensitivity of 93 % and specificity of 43 % to predict return ED visits with suicide-related presenting complaints within 6 months of the index visit. Brief suicide screening instruments can be incorporated into standard of care in pediatric ED settings. Such screens can identify patients who do not directly report suicide-related presenting complaints at triage and who may be at particular risk for future suicidal behavior. Results have the potential to inform suicide prevention strategies in pediatric EDs.

Bullying and Suicide Risk Among Pediatric Emergency Department Patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the association between recent bullying victimization and risk of suicide among pediatric emergency department (ED) patients. METHODS: Patients presenting to 1 of 3 different urban pediatric EDs with either medical/surgical or psychiatric chief complaints completed structured interviews as part of a study to develop a suicide risk screening instrument, the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions. Seventeen candidate items and the criterion reference Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire were administered to patients ages 10 to 21 years. Bullying victimization was assessed by a single candidate item ("In the past few weeks, have you been bullied or picked on so much that you felt like you couldn't stand it anymore?"). RESULTS: A total of 524 patients completed the interview (34.4% psychiatric chief complaints; 56.9% female; 50.4% white, non-Hispanic; mean [SD] age, 15.2 [2.6] years). Sixty patients (11.5%) reported recent bullying victimization, and of these, 33 (55.0%) screened positive for suicide risk on the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions or the previously validated Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. After controlling for demographic and clinical variables, including a history of depression and drug use, the odds of screening positive for suicide risk were significantly greater in patients who reported recent bullying victimization (adjusted odds ratio, 3.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-6.11). After stratification by chief complaint, this association persisted for medical/surgical patients but not for psychiatric patients. CONCLUSIONS: Recent bullying victimization was associated with increased odds of screening positive for elevated suicide risk among pediatric ED patients presenting with medical/surgical complaints. Understanding this important correlate of suicide risk in pediatric ED patients may help inform ED-based suicide prevention interventions.

Chronic Pain, Hopelessness, and Suicide Risk Among Adult Medical Inpatients.

BACKGROUND: Medically ill adults are at elevated risk for suicide. Chronic pain and hopelessness are associated with suicide; however, few studies have examined the interaction between chronic pain and hopelessness in predicting suicide risk among hospitalized adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the association between chronic pain, hopelessness, and suicide risk, defined as recent suicidal ideation or lifetime suicidal behavior. In addition, we examined the interaction between chronic pain and hopelessness. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a multisite study to validate the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) among adult medical inpatients. Participants reported if they experienced chronic pain that impacted daily life and if they felt hopeless about their medical condition and provided their current pain rating on a 1 to 10 scale, with 10 being the most severe pain. A t-test compared pain severity scores by ASQ outcome. A binary logistic regression model described the association between chronic pain, hopelessness, and suicide risk; parameter estimates are expressed as odds ratios (OR) for interpretation. The interaction between chronic pain and hopelessness was examined in both the transformed (logit) and natural (probability) scales of the generalized linear model. RESULTS: The sample included 720 participants (53.2% male, 62.4% White, mean age: 50.1 [16.3] years, range = 18-93). On the ASQ, 15.7% (113/720) of patients screened positive. Half (360/720) of the sample self-reported chronic pain. Individuals who screened positive had higher pain rating scores than those who screened negative (t = -4.2, df = 147.6, P < 0.001). Among all patients, 27.2% (196/720) felt hopeless about their medical condition. In the logistic regression model, patients with chronic pain (adjusted OR: 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-4.43, P = 0.01) or hopelessness (adjusted OR: 5.69, 95% CI: 2.52-12.64, P < 0.001) had greater odds of screening positive on the ASQ. The interaction effect between pain and hopelessness was not significant in the transformed (B = -0.15, 95% CI: -1.11 to 0.82, P = 0.76) or natural (B = 0.08, 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.23, P = 0.28) scale. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant independent associations between (1) chronic pain and suicide risk and between (2) hopelessness and suicide risk. Future research should examine the temporality and mechanisms underlying these relationships to inform prevention efforts for medically ill adults.

Ask suicide-screening questions to everyone in medical settings: the asQ'em Quality Improvement Project.

BACKGROUND: Suicide in hospital settings is a frequently reported sentinel event to the Joint Commission (JC). Since 1995, over 1,000 inpatient deaths by suicide have been reported to the JC; 25% occurred in non-behavioral health settings. Lack of proper "assessment" was the leading root cause for 80% of hospital suicides. This paper describes the "Ask Suicide-Screening Questions to Everyone in Medical Settings (asQ'em)" Quality Improvement Project. We aimed to pilot a suicide screening tool and determine feasibility of screening in terms of prevalence, impact on unit workflow, impact on mental health resources, and patient/nurse acceptance. METHODS: We piloted the asQ'em two-item screening instrument that assesses suicidal thoughts and behaviors, designed specifically for nurses to administer to medical patients. Educational in-services were conducted. A convenience sample of adult patients, 18 years or older, from three selected inpatient units in the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, participated. RESULTS: A total of 331 patients were screened; 13 (4%) patients screened "positive" for suicide risk and received further evaluation. No patient had acute suicidal thoughts or required an observational monitor. Screening took approximately 2 minutes; 87% of patients reported feeling comfortable with screening; 81% of patients, 75% of nurses, and 100% of social workers agreed that all patients in hospitals should be screened for suicide risk. DISCUSSION: Nurses can feasibly screen hospitalized medical/surgical patients for suicide risk with a two-item screening instrument. Patients, nurses, and social workers rated their experience of screening as positive and supported the idea of universal suicide screening in the hospital.

Association of positive responses to suicide screening questions with hospital admission and repeated emergency department visits in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Although validated suicide screening tools exist for use among children and adolescents presenting to emergency departments (EDs), the associations between screening positive for suicide risk and immediate psychiatric hospital admission or subsequent ED use, stratified by age, have not been examined. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of a consecutive case series of patients aged 8 to 18 years presenting with psychiatric chief complaints during a 9-month period to a single urban tertiary care pediatric ED. Eligible patients were administered a subset of questions from the Risk of Suicide Questionnaire. Outcomes included the odds of psychiatric hospitalization at the index visit and repeated ED visits for psychiatric complaints within the following year, stratified by age. RESULTS: Of the 568 patients presenting during the study period, responses to suicide screening questions were available for 442 patients (78%). A total of 159 (36%) of 442 were hospitalized and 130 (29%) of 442 had 1 or more ED visits within the following year. The proportion of patients providing positive responses to 1 or more suicide screening questions did not differ between patients aged 8 to 12 years and those aged 13 to 18 years (77/154 [50%] vs 137/288 [48%], P = 0.63). A positive response to 1 or more of the questions was significantly associated with increased odds of psychiatric hospitalization in the older age group [adjusted odds ratio, 3.82; 95% confidence interval, 2.24-6.54) and with repeated visits to the ED in the younger age group (adjusted odds ratio, 3.55 95% confidence interval, 1.68-7.50). CONCLUSIONS: Positive responses to suicide screening questions were associated with acute psychiatric hospitalization and repeated ED visits. Suicide screening in a pediatric ED may identify children and adolescents with increased need of psychiatric resources.

Asking Youth Questions About Suicide Risk in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Results From a Qualitative Analysis of Patient Opinions.

The emergency department (ED) is a promising setting to screen youth for suicide risk. Patient reactions to questions about suicidal thoughts and behaviors during their ED visit have implications for how screening is introduced, developed, and implemented. The current study is a qualitative investigation into patient opinions about screening for suicide risk in the pediatric ED. As part of a subset of a multisite study, 165 participants, 10 to 21 years old, were included in this sub-analysis. Ninety percent (148/165) of participants supported suicide risk screening. Reasons youth support screening included prevention of suicide, detection of at-risk youth, and a lack of other social support. Overall, pediatric patients agreed with suicide risk screening in the ED, citing similar reasons as in a previous investigation, further demonstrating acceptability of suicide risk screening in this setting. A small subset of youth (10%; 17/165) did not support screening for reasons that included a desire to focus on their chief (i.e., nonpsychiatric) presenting concern and fear of iatrogenic risk. Understanding patient opinions, including those in support of and in opposition to screening, can inform implementation practices. Further education about the importance of suicide risk assessment may be a helpful first step in instituting universal screening efforts.

Self-Reported Recent Life Stressors and Risk of Suicide in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients.

Emergency departments (EDs) are important venues for detecting youth at risk for suicide. Children and adolescents who present to the ED and report a recent life stressor, such as stressors related to interpersonal relationships, may be at elevated risk for suicide. Utilizing data from three large, urban pediatric EDs, we examined the relationship between reported recent life stressors and suicide risk, as measured by the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. Overall, youth who reported a recent life stressor were at elevated risk of suicide [adjOR = 5.43 (95% CI, 3.18-9.26)]. Importantly, however, this finding was tempered by the fact that 20% of youth who screened positive for suicide risk did not report a stressor. Thus, while the knowledge of stressors may provide useful supplementary information to a suicide risk assessment, the presence or absence of a reported stressor is not sufficient to determine one's risk of suicide. ED clinicians are advised to include direct questions about suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention.

Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people worldwide and the third leading cause of death among those in the US. This review outlines the epidemiology of suicide and suicidal behavior in young people. It discusses intersectionality as an emerging framework to guide research on prevention of suicide in young people and highlights several clinical and community settings that are prime targets for implementation of effective treatment programs and interventions aimed at rapidly reducing the suicide rate in young people. It provides an overview of current approaches to screening and assessment of suicide risk in young people and the commonly used screening tools and assessment measures. It discusses universal, selective, and indicated evidence based suicide focused interventions and highlights components of psychosocial interventions with the strongest evidence for reducing risk. Finally, the review discusses suicide prevention strategies in community settings and considers future research directions and questions challenging the field.

Screening and Assessing Suicide Risk in Medical Settings: Feasible Strategies for Early Detection.

Early detection of risk is a key suicide prevention strategy. Given that most individuals who die by suicide visit a health care provider in the year leading up to their death, medical settings are ideal venues for identifying those at elevated risk and bridging them to life-saving care. Clinicians are presented with an opportunity to engage in proactive suicide prevention efforts through practical and adaptable suicide risk screening, assessment, and management processes. Psychiatrists and mental health clinicians are well positioned to assist nonpsychiatric clinicians on the frontlines of this public health problem. This article discusses the importance of identifying people at elevated suicide risk through screening, differentiates screening from assessment procedures, and presents practical strategies for implementing evidence-based screening and assessment tools into practice as part of a three-tiered clinical pathway. Specifically, this article discusses key components that guide embedding suicide prevention strategies into the workflows of busy medical settings.

Assessing the Validity of the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions in Black Youth.

BACKGROUND: Given the increasing rates of suicide and nonfatal suicide attempts among Black youth in the United States, it is crucial that screening tools are valid in identifying Black youth at risk of suicide. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the validity of the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) among Black youth. METHODS: This analysis used pooled data from 3 ASQ validation studies of pediatric medical patients aged 10-21 years. All participants completed the ASQ and the gold standard Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 1083 participants, 330 (30.5%) were non-Hispanic Black and 753 (69.5%) were non-Hispanic White. ASQ psychometric properties for Black and White participants were equivalent (sensitivity = 94% vs. 90.9%; specificity = 91.4% vs. 91.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in ASQ psychometric properties between Black and White youth, indicating that the ASQ is valid for screening Black youth at risk of suicide.

Firearms Access among Pediatric Patients at Risk for Suicide.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 2,900 youth who die by suicide each year in the United States use a firearm. To inform lethal means safety counseling efforts, this study aimed to describe firearm access among youth deemed at risk for suicide in pediatric medical settings. METHODS: Youth who presented to one of four urban pediatric medical centers were screened for suicide risk and access to firearms. Suicide risk was determined by a positive screen on the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) tool. Firearm access was assessed via a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: This secondary analysis analyzed data from 1065 youth aged 10 to 17 years. Overall, 110 (10.3%) participants screened positive for suicide risk. Among those at risk, 28% (31/110) reported guns kept in or around their home, 8% (9/110) had access to a firearm, and 5% (6/110) reported that bullets were not stored separately from the guns. CONCLUSIONS: Over a quarter of youth at risk for suicide reported a firearm stored in or around their home. To ensure the safety of young people at risk for suicide, clinicians should assess whether youth have access to firearms and conduct lethal means safety counseling with youths, as developmentally appropriate, and their parent/caregivers.HIGHLIGHTS28% of pediatric patients deemed "at risk" for suicide in this study reported a firearm kept in or around their home.Among youth at risk for suicide, 8% reported having access to a firearm.These results add further evidence that it is important for clinicians to conduct lethal means safety counseling with patients and their families.

Youth Suicide During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify potential differential changes in youth suicide deaths associated with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to better inform suicide prevention strategies. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed national suicide data for US youth aged 5 to 24 years from 2015 to 2020. Annual and monthly numbers of suicides were extracted overall and by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and method. Expected suicides were modeled from the trend in monthly deaths before COVID-19 (January 1, 2015-February 29, 2020), by using interrupted time-series analyses with quasi-Poisson regression. Rate ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to compare expected and observed suicides during the first 10 months of COVID-19 (March 1, 2020-December 31, 2020). RESULTS: Among 5568 identified youth suicides during the 2020 pandemic, 4408 (79.2%) were male, 1009 (18.1%) Hispanic, 170 (3.3%) non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, 262 (4.7%) Asian/Pacific Islander, 801 (14.4%) Black, and 3321 (59.6%) white. There was a significant increase in overall observed versus expected youth suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07), equivalent to an estimated 212 excess deaths. Demographic subgroups including males (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.08), youth aged 5 to 12 years (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03-1.41) and 18 to 24 years (RR =1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.08), non-Hispanic AI/AN youth (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03-1.39), Black youth (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.12-1.29), and youth who died by firearms (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.10-1.19) experienced significantly more suicides than expected. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide deaths among US youth increased during COVID-19, with substantial variation by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and suicide method. Suicide prevention strategies must be tailored to better address disparities in youth suicide risk.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Risk Among Adult Medical Inpatients.

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a potent risk factor for suicide among youth. There is limited research, however, on the association between NSSI and suicide risk among adults, particularly among adult medical patients, who are a population at increased risk for suicide. To address this research gap, the current analysis aimed to describe the association between lifetime history of NSSI and suicide risk in an adult medical inpatient population. Method: Adult medical inpatients aged 18 or older from one of four United States hospitals were screened for suicide risk and a lifetime history of NSSI. Suicide risk was determined using the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ). NSSI history, methods, frequency, and severity were assessed via a structured interview based on the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview. Results: A total of 621 adult medical inpatients were included in this secondary analysis (55.2% male; 60.9% White; M[SD] age = 50.3[16.7]); 5.8% of patients (36/621) reported a lifetime history of NSSI and 16.1% (100/621) screened positive for suicide risk. Patients with a lifetime history of NSSI were significantly more likely to screen positive for suicide risk (OR = 9.4 [95% CI, 4.4-20.8]; p < .0001). Limitations: This analysis used cross sectional data and could not examine any causal relationships between NSSI and suicide risk. Conclusions: Adult medical inpatients with a lifetime history of NSSI were significantly more likely to screen positive for suicide risk. Research examining NSSI among adult medical patients is especially relevant for suicide risk detection and prevention efforts.