[Association between mild cognitive impairment and serum uric acid levels among people aged 55 and above in 4 provinces of China].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between mild cognitive impairment and hyperuricemia among people aged 55 and above. METHODS: Based on the baseline survey data of "community cohort study on neurological diseases" from 2018 to 2019, 4272 residents aged 55 and above with complete data of individual socioeconomic status, lifestyle, mild cognitive impairment and serum uric acid level were selected as the research objects. The Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) was used to evaluate the mild cognitive impairment of the research objects. The relationship between serum uric acid level and MoCA score was analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of serum uric acid level and mild cognitive impairment. RESULTS: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the normal and high serum uric acid groups were 38. 6% and 38. 4%, respectively. In the normal serum uric acid level group, the serum uric acid level of the non-cognitive impairment group was significantly higher(291. 4 µmol/L)than that of the cognitive impairment group(283. 7 µmol/L)(F=16. 12, P<0. 05), and the MoCA score of the subjects in this group was significantly positively correlated with the serum uric acid level(r=0. 103, P<0. 05). In the hyperuricemia group, no significant difference was found in serum uric acid level between non-cognitive impairment group(450. 9 µmol/L) and cognitive impairment group(442. 4 µmol/L)(F=2. 44, P>0. 05), and there was no correlation between MoCA score and serum uric acid level(r=0. 064, P>0. 05). Logistic regression analysis showed that hyperuricemia was not a risk factor for cognitive impairment in people aged 55 and above(OR=1. 04, 95% CI 0. 87-1. 25, P=0. 630). CONCLUSION: Within the normal range of serum uric acid, appropriate increase of serum uric acid may play a protective role in cognitive impairment. Hyperuricemia has not been found to increase the risk of cognitive impairment in people 55 years and older.

[Food-borne Parasitic Infection in Intermediate Hosts in Ninghai County of Zhejiang Province].

To understand the status of food-borne parasitic infection in intermediate hosts in Ninghai County of Zhejiang Province, freshwater crabs were collected from 4 towns of the County to detect the infection with metacercariae of Paragonimus, and frogs were collected from 8 towns to examine the infection with plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni from May to September, 2015. Among the 339 freshwater crabs collected, the infection rate was 9.1%（31/339）, with each crab containing 6.7 metacercariae of Paragonimus on average. Among the 348 frogs collected, the infection rate was 11.5%（40/348）, with each frog containing 2.2 plerocercoids on average. In conclusion, there is a high rate of food-borne parasitic infection in intermediate hosts in Ninghai County. Comprehensive prevention and control measures are needed.

Risk of peripheral facial palsy following parenteral inactivated influenza vaccination in the elderly Chinese population.

Background: Concern about the risk of peripheral facial palsy (PFP) following vaccination is one reason for hesitancy in influenza vaccination. However, the association between the flu vaccine and PFP is still controversial, and further evidence is urgently needed. Methods: This self-controlled case series study evaluated PFP risk following inactivated influenza vaccine in the elderly using a large linked database in Ningbo, China. Relative incidence ratios (RIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated using conditional Poisson regression were utilized to determine whether the risk of PFP was increased after vaccination. Results: This study included 467 episodes, which occurred in 244 females and 220 males. One hundred twenty-four episodes happened within 1-91 days after vaccination, accounting for 26.7%. The adjusted RIRs within 1-30 days, 31-60 days, 61-91 days, and 1-91 days after influenza vaccination were 0.95 (95% CI 0.69-1.30), 1.08 (95% CI 0.78-1.49), 1.01 (95% CI 0.70-1.45), and 1.00 (95% CI 0.81-1.24), respectively. Similar results were found in subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination does not increase PFP risk in the elderly population. This finding provides evidence to overcome concerns about facial paralysis after influenza vaccination.

[Investigating the toxicity characteristics of Nassarius Sp. in Ningbo City].

OBJECTIVE: To study the type, distribution, the growth and decline of toxins in Nassarius Sp. and the source of toxins to acquire the basis for the control of Nassarius Sp. poisonings. METHODS: The toxicity of Nassarius Sp. was detected by mouse bioassay. The saxitoxin (STX), gonyau toxin (GTX), and tetrodo toxin (TTX) were detected by ELISA and HPLC. RESULTS: Sixty-three poisonous Nassarius Sp. were identified in 127 samples collected from long-term monitoring sites. The detection rate was 49.6%. The detection rate of poisonous Nassarius Sp. was different in varies habitats (P < 0.01). The toxicity of Nassarius Sp. reached a peak in 1991 and hit the rock bottom in 1988. The rate of carrying toxins and the toxicity of detected toxins (STX, GTX and TTX) in Nassarius semiplicatus, Nassa succincta A. Adams and Niotha livescens were high. CONCLUSION: The toxins of Nassarius Sp. in Ningbo City were composed of TTX, STX or GTX, or both TTX and STX. The surveillance proved that some toxins present in Nassarius Sp. in Ningbo City. Poisoning could be caused by eating Nassarius Sp.

Epidemiological Study on Metal Pollution of Ningbo in China.

Background: In order to search for effective control and prevention measures, the status of metal pollution in Ningbo, China was investigated. Methods: Nine of the most common contaminating metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) in samples of vegetables, rice, soil, irrigation water, and human hair were detected using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Three different districts including industrial, suburban and rural areas in Ningbo were studied through a stratified random sample method. Results: (1) Among all of the detected vegetable samples, Cd exceeded the standard limit rates in industrial, suburban and rural areas as high as 43.9%, 27.5% and 5.0%, respectively; indicating the severity of Cd pollution in Ningbo. (2) The pollution index (PI) of Cd and Zn in soil (1.069, 1.584, respectively) suggests that soil is slightly polluted by Cd and Zn. Among all samples, metal contamination levels in soil were all relatively high. (3) A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cu in vegetables and soil; Pb, Cu, Cr and Ni in vegetables and irrigation water, as well as, Cu and Ni in rice and irrigation water; and, (4) Higher Pb and Cd concentrations were found in student scalp hair in both industrial and suburban areas compared to rural areas. (5) Hg and Pb that are found in human scalp hair may be more easily absorbed from food than any of the other metals. Conclusions: In general, certain harmful metal pollutions were detected in both industrial and suburban areas of Ningbo in China.

Safety, immunization coverage and determinants of a new kind of Hepatitis B vaccine firstly applied in Ningbo, China.

Evaluate safety and immunization coverage of a new kind of recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) in Ningbo city, China. Two groups were carried out in 2 of 11 randomly selected countries in Ningbo in 2009. All of the infants born from July 1 to December 31, 2009 were enrolled as subjects and received 3 doses of HepB at 0, 1, 6 month. Control group (N = 3452) received current HepB derived from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast (HepB made by recombinant DNA techniques in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast, HepB-SCY; 5 µg/0.5 ml per dose) and experimental group (N = 5104) received the new kind of HepB derived from Hansenula polymorpha Yeast (HepB made by recombinant DNA techniques in Hansenula polymorpha Yeast, HepB-HPY; 10 µg/0.5 ml per dose). 3-dose and timely birth dose (TBD) coverage were available and compared between 2 groups. Standard structured questionnaires were applied to record information from parents and hospitals for selecting determinants of coverage. The data were analyzed using stepwise multiple logistic regression models. After each dose, HepB-related adverse events (AEs) and recta-temperature were recorded for 7 days. 3-dose coverage in control group (89.98%) was higher than that in experimental group (χ2 = 575.1173, P < 0.0001). TBD coverage in control and experimental group were 98.41% and 98.53%, respectively. No statistically significant difference in TBD coverage was found between 2 groups (χ2 = 0.0623, P = 0.8029). A total of 9 local AEs were reported, 4 for control group and 5 for experimental group. The percentages of subjects reporting AEs were similar across the 2 vaccination groups. No serious or immediate reactions were found in this study. From logistic models, receiving 10 µg vaccine (odds ratio [OR]:0.38; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.34-0.44) and mother migrating from other cities (OR: 0.45; 95%CI: 0.42-0.47) were the determinants for non-acceptance of 3 doses of HepB; infants born from low grade hospitals and native mothers contributed to administrate the TBD.

[Analysis the relation of adults HBV vicinal failure and T cell subset, HLA-DR rang gene phenotype].

OBJECTIVE: To study and explore the relativity of adults HBV vicinal failure and HLA-DR, T cell subset, trace viruses infection. To accumulate date for formulating preventing adult HBV infection prophylactic-therapeutic measures. METHODS: Select 20 adults randomly who had vaccinated with 10 microgYDV and produced anti-HBS successfully, and another 20 hadn't produced anti-HBs to form two groups-defeated group and contral group. Blood samples from two groups were taken for detecting the level of DR range gene phenotype: T cell subset, white blood cell HLA-DR, HLA-B27, HLA DRB1 * 07, DRB1* 04, DRB1 * 1001, DQB1 * 0401 and so on. RESULTS: The level of CD4(-)/CD8(-) is lower in the infection group than in healthy group. But the average level of HLA-DR and HLA-B27 is higher in the infection group. The differences of HLA DRB1 * 07 gene frequency between two groups were significant (P <0.05), but the levels of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD7, CD4/CD8 and HLA DRB1 * 04, DRB1 * 1001, DQB1 * 0401 were not significant. CONCLUSION: The failure of HBV vaccination on adults may have relation to HLA-DR, HLA-B27, HLA DRB1 * 07, CD4(-)/CD8(-), etc.