CMBEE: A constraint-based multi-task learning framework for biomedical event extraction.

OBJECTIVE: Event extraction plays a crucial role in natural language processing. However, in the biomedical domain, the presence of nested events adds complexity to event extraction compared to single events, and these events usually have strong semantic relationships and constraints. Previous approaches ignored the binding connections between these complex nested events. This study aims to develop a unified framework based on event constraint information that jointly extract biomedical event triggers and arguments and enhance the performance of nested biomedical event extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We propose a multi-task learning framework based on constraint information called CMBEE for the task of biomedical event extraction. The N-tuple form of event patterns is used to represent the constrained information, which is integrated into role detection and event type classification tasks. The framework use attention mechanism and gating mechanism to explore the fusion of multiple tuple information, as well as local and global constrained information fusion methods to dig further into the connections between events. RESULTS: Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves the highest F1 score on a multilevel event extraction biomedical (MLEE) corpus and performs favorably on the biomedical natural language processing shared task 2013 Genia event corpus (GE 13). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results indicate that modeling event patterns and constraints for multi-event extraction tasks is effective for complex biomedical event extraction. The fusion strategy proposed in this study, which incorporates different constraint information, helps to better express semantic information.

Association between lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

OBJECTIVE: Many previous studies reported the relationship between lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease, but the conclusions were controversial. The aim of our study was to retrospectively investigate the association between lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: We collected and compared clinical information of patients hospitalized for coronary angiography. Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in gender, hypertension, APOA1, smoking, hyperuricemia, obesity, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiac insufficiency, family history of diabetes, or family history of hyperlipidemia among the four groups of lipoprotein(a). Elevated lipoprotein(a) does not increase the risk of hypertriglyceridemia, while elevated lipoprotein(a) increases the risk of high total cholesterol and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Elevated lipoprotein(a) increases the risk of diabetes and premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated lipoprotein(a) increases the incidence of CAD, multivessel lesions, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further showed that elevated lipoprotein(a) increases the incidence of high total cholesterol, high LDL­c, diabetes, CAD, premature CAD, multivessel lesions, and PCI. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that elevated lipoprotein(a) had no obvious relationship with hypertension and obesity. Elevated lipoprotein(a) increases the risk of high total cholesterol, high LDL­c, and premature CAD, and increases the occurrence and severity of coronary heart disease.

Influence of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms on coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms have an impact on coronary artery disease(CAD). However, many studies have small sample sizes and different conclusions. The purpose was to retrospectively study the influence of ApoE gene polymorphisms on CAD. Methods: This study assessed the influence of different ApoE genotypes on coronary heart disease in patients who received coronary angiography and used multivariate logistic regression to assess the influence of different ApoE genotypes on CAD. Results: Patients with different ApoE genotypes had no obvious differences in the incidence of hypertension, diabetes or obesity（P > 0.05). Patients with ε2/ε2 had higher incidence of hypertriglyceridemia than patients with other ApoE genotypes, while patients with ε3/ε3 had a lower incidence of hypertriglyceridemia than those with ε3/ε4,ε4/ε4, ε2/ε3 and ε2/ε2（P < 0.05）. Patients with ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4, ε3/ε3 and ε2/ε2 had no significant differences in the severity or incidence of CAD （P > 0.05). ε2/ε4 and ε2/ε3 reduced the risk of high LDL-C, and reduced the severity and incidence of coronary heart（P < 0.05). ε2/ε3 reduced risk of premature coronary artery disease（PCAD）（P < 0.05). ε2/ε3 reduced risk of CAD in patients age <45,age at 60-74 and age ≥74, while ε2/ε4 reduced risk of CAD in patients age ≥74（P < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4,ε3/ε3 and ε2/ε2 had no significant differences in the severity and occurrence of CAD. Compared to the isoform ε3 (ε3/ε3), isoform ε4 did not increased the severity and occurrence of CAD. Compared with ApoE other genotypes, ε2/ε3 and ε2/ε4 reduced the risk of high LDL-C and the severity and occurrence of CAD.

Severe infection by Vibrio anguillarum following a bite by a marine fish: a case report.

Vibrio anguillarum is a cause of vibriosis in marine fisheries worldwide, but only one previous study reported human pathogenicity of this species. Here, we report a 70-year-old man from Dalian, a coastal city in northeast China, who experienced a severe infection with V. anguillarum due to a bite on his left hand when handling hairtail, a marine fish. This patient had low immunity because of the long-term use of glucocorticoids due to nephrotic syndrome. Despite treatments consisting of a strong antibiotic, continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, debridement, and fasciotomy, his condition deteriorated and he died of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. His death might be partly due to the delayed amputation of the left forearm, because he seemed to get better for the first several days. This case report emphasizes the possibility of human infection by V. anguillarum, which is likely to be more lethal in immunocompromised individuals.

Correction: The impact of reusable tableware packaging combined with environmental propaganda on consumer behaviour in online retail.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264562.].

The impact of reusable tableware packaging combined with environmental propaganda on consumer behaviour in online retail.

With the development of the takeaway industry, the demand for disposable cutlery is increasing, posing a heavy burden on the environment. Helping reusable tableware increase market share is important because it helps preserve the natural environment while making commercial gains. Given the additional cost to consumers of using reusable tableware in many settings, this article examines the impact of incorporating environmental propaganda into packaging design on consumer behaviour. The results show that the new packaging with high environmental propaganda satisfaction improves consumers' brand loyalty, purchase intention and continuance intention. The packaging of low environmental propaganda satisfaction may have negative effects and should be used with caution.